Patterns of Inheritance. Gregor Mendel “Father” of genetics Mid 1800s Austrian monk Studied math...
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Patterns of Inheritance
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Gregor Mendel“Father” of geneticsMid 1800sAustrian monkStudied math and science in
ViennaTaught high schoolTended to the monastery gardenConducted his genetic studies in
pea plants
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Anatomy of a Flower
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True-breeding StrainsMendel used “self-pollination” to
obtain true breeders
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Cross-Pollination
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Characteristics vs. Traits
CharacteristicPlant height
Pea color
Flower color
Pea shape
Flower position
TraitTall, short
Yellow, green
Purple, white
Wrinkled, smooth
Axial, terminal
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Mendel’s 4 Hypotheses1. There are alternative versions
of genes that account for variations in characteristics.
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Mendel’s 4 Hypotheses2. For each characteristic, an
organism inherits 2 alleles—one from each parent.
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Mendel’s 4 Hypotheses3. If the 2 alleles of an inherited
pair differ, then one determines the organism’s appearance.
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Mendel’s 4 Hypotheses4. A sperm or egg carries only 1
allele for each characteristic because the 2 alleles segregate (separate) during meiosis.
Law of
Segregatio
n
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Dihybrid Crosses: Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment
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Dihybrid Crosses: Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment
X
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In Dihybrid Crosses, Why Don’t We See This….?
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The Rules of Probability
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Traits Thought to be Controlled by a Single Gene
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Family Pedigrees
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Autosomal Recessive Pedigree
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Why We Have Laws Against Marrying Your First Cousin!
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Single-Gene Autosomal Disorders
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WELCOME TO NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS
(WHICH IS MOST OF HUMAN GENETICS!)
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Incomplete Dominance
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Incomplete Dominance
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Incomplete Dominance
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Codominance: ABO Blood Groups
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Codominance: ABO Blood Groups
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Codominance: ABO Blood Groups
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Why is it so important to give a patient the correct blood type?
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PleiotropyOne gene has the ability to
influence several characteristics
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Polygenic InheritanceThe additive effects of 2 or more
genes on a single phenotypic characteristic.
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Polygenic Inheritance
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Polygenic Inheritance
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Don’t Forget About the Influence of the Environment!
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SEX CHROMOSOMES AND SEX-LINKED GENES
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Sex Determination in Humans
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Sex Determination in Humans
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Red-Green Colorblindness: A Sex-Linked Recessive Trait
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Red-Green Colorblindness: A Sex-Linked Recessive Trait
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Red-Green Colorblindness: A Sex-Linked Recessive Trait
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Hemophilia in the Russian Royal Family
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The Genetics of Calico Cats: Why they are always female!
Barr Body Formation
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The Genetics of Calico Cats: Why they are always female!