Pathophysiology of Depression

Raga Manduaru1061050135

Patofisiologi

1. neurotransmitter availability

2. receptor regulation and sensitivity

Gangguan afek/mood

Perubahan biologis CNSstressor

Perubahan biologis CNS

Neurotransmiters yang berperan :1. serotonin (5-HT) (as an important factor)2. norepinephrine (NE)3. dopamine (DA)4. glutamate5. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

Dunlop BW, Nemeroff CB. The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Mar 2007;64(3):327-37.

Dalam studi Sacher J, et.al tahun 2011:“Hasil gambaran positron emission tomographic

(PET) menunjukkan bahwa secara abnormal berkurangnya aktivitas pada area korteks prefrontal pada pasien unipolar depresi”

Sacher J, Neumann J, Fünfstück T, Soliman A, Villringer A, Schroeter ML. Mapping the depressed brain: A meta-analysis of structural and functional

alterations in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. Sep 2 2011

Journal of Pharmacology Volume 626, Issue 1, 10 January 2010, Pages 64–71. Cognition Disturbances in Psychiatry: Neurobiology and Treatment (In memory of David de Wied)

A meta-analysis comparing brain structures in patients with major

depression, in healthy controls, and in patients with

bipolar disorder demonstrated associations between depression and

increased lateral ventricle size, larger cerebrospinal fluid volume, and smaller

volumes of the basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, frontal lobe,

orbitofrontal cortex, and gyrus rectus. Patients experiencing a depressive episode

had smaller hippocampal volume

Kempton MJ, Salvador Z, Munafò MR, Geddes JR, Simmons A, Frangou S, et al. Structural neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder. Meta-analysis and comparison with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Jul

2011;68(7):675-90.