Pathway to a Smart Grid

8/8/2019 Pathway to a Smart Grid

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Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved.

Pathways toa Smart Grid

Dr. Udo Niehage

Group President

Power Transmission

and Distribution


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Slide 2 8.11.2007 Copyright Siemens AG 2007. All rights reserved. Power Transmission and DistributionDr. Udo Niehage

Electrical energy is the backbone of our society


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Future grids require more flexibility

Increased energytrading

Increasing distancebetween generationand load

Fluctuating infeed

Increasing short-circuit currents

High supply

quality along withgreater networkcomplexity andvulnerability

Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids

Integration ofdistributed energyresources

Cost pressure

Aging

infrastructure andlack of experts

Legal &

regulatoryframework


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The Siemens Smart Grid Vision

is driven by customer benefits

Drivers

Improved

Observability

Improved

Controllability

Smart Grid means

Improved

Process efficiency

Technical Implementation (Examples)

Utility IT solutions

Demand Side

Management

Distribution

Automation

Increased use of

power electronics

Smart Meters

Distribution

Automation

Wide Area Monitoring

Condition Monitoring

Distribution GridTransmission Grid


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Movement from static infrastructure to a flexible power grid with enhancedobservability, controllability and process efficiency.

Pathways to a Smart Grid

From To

Manual reaction to critical

network situationsBlackout prevention by increasing the situationalawareness and automated counter measures

Primary equipment condition

not well known

Condition monitoring for controlled overload ofbottlenecks and reliability centered asset managem.

Limited control of

power flowPower flow control and transmission capacityincrease by using power electronics

Central generation,

decentralized consumption

Integration of distributed generation and storage

by virtual power plants

Unmanaged, not transparent

consumptionSmart metering and load management

Transmiss

ion

Distribution


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From To




not well known


Limited control of


Central generation,






Transmiss

ion

Distribution


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Supplement the message

reports

By clear decisions

The grid dispatcher has to decide within seconds.

Wrong decisions or inactivity may lead to Blackouts.

Future Energy Management Systems systems will have

to handle complex situations much better than today

2000 MWPump Load

OFF


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From To




not well known


Limited control of


Central generation,






Transmission

Distribution


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Reliability Centered AssetManagement Strategy

Reliability Centered Asset

Management Strategy

ConditionConditionImportanceImportance

InspectionsOperational dataMonitoring data

etc.

Contribution ofeach component to

system reliability

(Expected Energy not

supplied)

Boundary conditions

Rules

Boundary conditions

Rules

EENSshareper component

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

NetworkComponents

66kVbusbars

11kVnodes

66kVnodes

transformers

overheadlines

cables

Reliability Centered Asset Management for

T&D equipment

Business strategyBusiness strategy

Prioritization and

strategy development

Prioritization and

strategy development

importance

condition

Source:SiemensPTD

SE,

Kaiser/PTD

TI,Menke,

12/2006


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Transformer Monitoring for Hydro Quebec

Substation 1 Substation 2 Substation 3

Wireless WirelessWireless

ApplicationServer

Communication

Server

WEB Server

Remote Desktopsession over the Web

FireWall

Utility

Siemens Minneapolis Data Center

Utility

Peak load transmission at

low ambient temperatures


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From To




not well known


Limited control of


Central generation,






Transmission

Distribution


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Power electronics for power flow management

DE CZ

Conventional grid:

Power flowaccording to

Kirchhoffs law

CZ

Smart Grid:

Power flowcontrolled by power

electronics

DE


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Advanced Power Transmission Solutionswith HVDC and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmissions Systems)

Symbols:

Series compensationDC Transmission& Interconnection

~

North System50 Hz

North System

50 Hz

South System60 Hz

South System60 Hz

Central System60 Hz

Central System60 Hz

Clean &Low Cost

Energy

Tariff

Bulk Power &

Long Distance

Tariff

Power

Exchange

Power Exchange Asynchronous

Networks

Avoidance of

Loop Flows~

Submarine

Cable Link

SubmarineCable Link

Parallel compensation

voltage

control


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HVDC for remote hydro power in China

Sole solution to usehydro power from

Yunnan in the PearlRiver delta.

HVDC with theworlds highest powercapacity ever:

5000 MW across1400km

Worlds first

800kV HVDCEnabled CO2abatement:

32.900.000 t/a


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From To




not well known


Limited control of


Central generation,






Transmission

Distribution


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n Optimized combination and capacity utilization ofdistributed small power plants

n Allows SaarEnergie to participate in energy tradingvia the German-based

European Energy Exchange (EEX)

EEX-Leipzig

Virtual power plants to manage

distributed energy resources


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From To




not well known


Limited control of


Central generation,






Transmission

Distribution


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Energy trading

Generation and load in a dynamic equilibrium

Power flowreversal

Fluctuating infeed

Coolingunits

(t)

Heat pumpsPlug-in Hybrids

Replace oil by

wind power


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Example 1:

Internal combustion engine vs. electric motor

Internal combustion engine

Total efficiency: gasoline: approx. 18%, diesel: approx. 22%

Electric motor

Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58% Additional transmission losses: 5%

Li-ion battery losses: 14% Efficiency of engine and drive: 80% Total efficiency: 38%


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Example 2:

Use of fossil fuels to generate heat

Efficiency of gas-fired condensing boiler 100% Total efficiency: 100%

Efficiency of a combined cycle power plant: 58% Additional transmission losses: 5% Seasonal performance factor of heat pumps: 3.5 Total efficiency: 193%


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The replacement potential is significant

Energy consumption of private households in Germany 2002

53%

8%

lighting

1%

8%

domestic hot water

car30%

appliances

heating

Source: VDEW


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Increasing electricity usage means

reducing CO2 emissions

Energy-related CO2 emissions in Gt CO2 (segments in %)

41

59

26.3

2005

41

59

38.9

Most likely2030

41

59

38.0

Most likely H22030

46

54

36.1

Most likelyElectric 2030

30

70

24.5

Blue Sky 2030

30

70

23.8

Blue Sky H22030

34

66

21.9

Blue SkyElectric 2030

Power

sector

Other

sectors

Extreme climate protection scenario

"Blue sky"

Reference scenario

Most likely

Accelerated penetration of electric power intransportation, residential, industrial sector

Replacing direct use of fossil fuels

Substitution of energy carriers by hydrogen

Pre-requisite: Technological breakthroughs forhydrogen and fuel-cell technologies

H2:Electric:

Source: Siemens E&EC Team,

PG GS4


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Electrical energy is the backbone of our society

Pathway to a Smart Grid

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