Pathophysiology Shock

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    Pathophysiol

    ogy Cyntia Dasuki1061050004

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    Hypovolemic shock refers to a medicalor surgical condition in hich rapid!uid loss results in multiple organ

    failure due to inade"uate circulatingvolume and su#se"uent inade"uateperfusion$

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    %he human #ody responds to acutehemorrhage #y activating the folloingma&or physiologic systems' the

    hematologic( cardiovascular( renal( andneuroendocrine systems$

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    %he hematologicsystem

    )cute severe #loodloss

    )ctivating coagulation

    cascade * contracting#leeding vessels

    form an immature cloton the #leeding source

    Platelets are activated

    damaged vessel

    e+poses collagen

    causes ,#rindeposition and

    sta#ili-ation of the clot

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    %he cardiovascularsystem

    increasing the heartrate

    constrictingperipheral #lood

    vessels

    redistri#uting #lood to the #rain( heart( and kidneys and aayfrom skin( muscle( and ./ tract$

    increasingmyocardial

    contractility

    %his response occurssecondary to an increased

    release of norepinephrine anddecreased #aseline vagal tone

    )lso responds#y(

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    %he renal system

    stimulating an increase inrenin secretion from the

    &u+taglomerular apparatus

    converted to angiotensin //

    enin convertsangiotensinogen to

    angiotensin /

    )ngiotensin // has main e2ects(

    #oth of hich help to reversehemorrhagic shock(vasoconstriction of arteriolarsmooth muscle( and stimulationof aldosterone secretion #y theadrenal corte+$

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    %he neuroendocrinesystem

    causing an increase incirculating antidiuretic hormone

    3)DH

    )DH is released from the posteriorpituitary gland in response to a decreasein the sodium concentration

    )DH indirectly leads to an increasedrea#sorption of ater and salt 3aCl #y thedistal tu#ule( the collecting ducts( and the

    loop of Henle$

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    eference

    Paul olecki$ Hypovolemic 7hock$8edscape$ 01$ Donloaded fromhttp'99emedicine$medscape$com

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