Path to War ChartPath to War Chart

• Repeal of Stamp Act and Repeal of Stamp Act and Declaratory Act (1766)Declaratory Act (1766)

• Townshend Acts (1767)Townshend Acts (1767)

Boston Massacre (Mar. 5, 1770)Boston Massacre (Mar. 5, 1770)

770770))

Tea Act (1773)Tea Act (1773) British East India Co.:British East India Co.:

Monopoly on Br. tea Monopoly on Br. tea imports.imports.

Many members of Many members of Parl. held shares.Parl. held shares.

Permitted the Co. to Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to sell tea directly to cols. without col. cols. without col. middlemen middlemen (cheaper tea!)(cheaper tea!)

North expected the North expected the cols. to eagerly choose cols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.the cheaper tea.

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party (Dec. 16, 1773)(Dec. 16, 1773)

y y (Dec. 16, 1773)(Dec. 16, 1773)

Intolerable Acts Intolerable Acts (1774)(1774)

Lord NorthLord North

1.1. Port Bill Port Bill

2.2. Government Government ActAct

4.4. Administration Administration ofof Justice Act Justice Act

3.3. New Quartering New Quartering Act Act

Quebec Act (1775)Quebec Act (1775)

First Continental Congress First Continental Congress

(Sept. 4, 1775)(Sept. 4, 1775)

55 delegates from 12 55 delegates from 12 coloniescolonies

AgendaAgenda How How to respond to to respond to the Coercive the Coercive Acts & the Acts & the Quebec Act?Quebec Act?

1 vote per colony 1 vote per colony represented.represented.

The British are coming!The British are coming!

eeTjeTje

re Coming re Coming . . .. . .

Paul ReverePaul Revere & & William DawesWilliam Dawes make make their midnight ride to warn the their midnight ride to warn the

MinutemenMinutemen (April 19, 1775). (April 19, 1775).

The shot heard round the The shot heard round the world…world…

LexingtonLexington & & ConcordConcord – April – April 19,177519,1775

June 15, 1775: Continental Congress names Washington commander of Continental Army.

What were the What were the strengths and strengths and weaknesses of weaknesses of

the Colonials and the Colonials and British?British?

LoyalistLoyalist

StrongholdStrongholdss

Washington’s Washington’s HeadachesHeadachesOnly 1/3 of the colonists

were in favor of independence.

State/colony loyalties.

Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.

Poor training of militias.

Military StrategiesMilitary Strategies

Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].

Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]

Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.

The American

s

The British

Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.

Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.

“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.

Bunker (Breed’s) Hill (June, Bunker (Breed’s) Hill (June, 1775)1775)

The British suffered over 1000 casualties taking the position.

Freeing Boston Freeing Boston (March 1776)(March 1776)

Ethan Allen at Fort Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775

Henry Knox

Washington observing the British retreat from Boston, March 17, 1776

Phase IPhase I:: The Northern The Northern CampaignCampaign[1775-1776][1775-1776]

Thomas Paine writes and distributes the pamphlet, “Common Sense” in January 1776.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence(July 4, 1776)(July 4, 1776)

Phase IIPhase II::

NY & PANY & PA[1777-1778][1777-1778]

New York City in FlamesNew York City in Flames(1776)(1776)

Washington is defeated at White Washington is defeated at White Plains, retreats to NJ.Plains, retreats to NJ.

Washington Crossing the Washington Crossing the DelawareDelaware

Christmas Day, 1776Christmas Day, 1776

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

Saratoga Saratoga (October 1777)(October 1777)

“Turning “Turning

Point”Point” of the War of the War

Battle of BrandywineBattle of Brandywine(September 11, 1777)(September 11, 1777)

The British capture Philly, Washington retreats south.The British capture Philly, Washington retreats south.

Winter at Valley Forge, PAWinter at Valley Forge, PA(1777-1778)(1777-1778)

•BadBad: 2,000 soldiers die of diseases and exposure: 2,000 soldiers die of diseases and exposure

•GoodGood: Von Steuben aides in the training of troops: Von Steuben aides in the training of troops

Battle of Monmouth, NJBattle of Monmouth, NJ(June 28, 1778)(June 28, 1778)

””Molly Pitcher” at the last major northern battle.Molly Pitcher” at the last major northern battle.

Phase IIIPhase III:: The Southern The Southern Strategy Strategy [1780-1781][1780-1781]

Britain’s “Southern Britain’s “Southern Strategy”Strategy”Britain thought that there were more

Loyalists in the South

Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving

The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam]

Good Colonial Leadership:Nathanial Greene, Daniel Morgan, & Francis Marion

Battle of King’s Mountain Battle of King’s Mountain (October 7, 1780)(October 7, 1780)

• 900 Hillbillies vs. 900 Hillbillies vs. 1,200 Loyalists and 1,200 Loyalists and RedcoatsRedcoats

• Loyalist army Loyalist army annihilated.annihilated.– 1,100 British 1,100 British

casualtiescasualties– 75 American 75 American

casualtiescasualties

Battle of CowpensBattle of Cowpens(January 17, 1781)(January 17, 1781)

• American General Daniel American General Daniel Morgan vs. British Colonel Morgan vs. British Colonel Banastre TarletonBanastre Tarleton

• 1,700 Colonials decisively 1,700 Colonials decisively defeat 1,200 Britishdefeat 1,200 British– 200 American casualties200 American casualties– 1,100 British casualties1,100 British casualties

• Cornwalis abandons the Cornwalis abandons the Carolinas; retreats to VA.Carolinas; retreats to VA.

The Battle of Yorktown The Battle of Yorktown (1781)(1781)

Count de Rochambeau

AdmiralDe Grasse

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down!” Down!”

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1783) (1783)

• 10 Articles, including10 Articles, including……1.1. British recognize American British recognize American

independenceindependence

2.2. North American boundariesNorth American boundaries

3.3. Confiscated Loyalist property to Confiscated Loyalist property to be returnedbe returned

North America After theNorth America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783Treaty of Paris, 1783

WholesaleWholesalePricePriceIndex:Index:1770-1770-17891789