Never so obscure... 102/103 Prior Art and Analogous Arts Patent Law – Professor Merges 3.17.08.
Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
2
Transcript of Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.
![Page 1: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Patent LawFall 2011
Class 1: 8.25.2011
Professor Merges
![Page 2: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Logistics
• Office hours: Tuesdays, 1:30 – 2:40, or by appt.
• 438 North Addition
• [email protected] – x 3-6199
![Page 3: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Logistics II
• Course mailing list
• Posting selections from PowerPoint slides
• Website: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/students/courses_html
![Page 4: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt
![Page 5: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Logistics III
• bSpace course page– Syllabus– Email archive– Seating Chart
• Note the schedule
![Page 6: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Logistics IV
• AM Commute
• www.capitolcorridor.org
• http://www.capitolcorridor.org/home/train_status.php
• Will send group email if train is very late
![Page 8: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Developments to watch – legislation
• Patent Reform Bill, will likely this fall; 1st to file priority, reexam reform, other detailed provisions
![Page 9: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Where to follow cases, developments
• Patently-O Blog
• BNA Patent Trademark Copyright Journal Daily
• US Patent Quarterly (BNA)
![Page 10: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2 Main Topics Today
• Introduction patent system
• Claims, patent document: how to read (and write) a patent
![Page 11: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Venetian Patents
![Page 12: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Patents in Britain
• Association of patents with corrupt crown privileges
• End of these abusive practices: the Statute of Monopolies, 1623
![Page 13: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Opposing principles in US Patent Law
• Technology as a force for good in a wild, untamed wilderness where labor is scarce
• Patents as the remnants of royal privilege; vestige of discredited monarchy and vested power
![Page 14: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Thomas Jefferson v. Alexander Hamilton
![Page 15: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it. Its peculiar character, too, is that no one possesses the less, because every other possesses the whole of it.
![Page 16: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me. That ideas should freely spread from one to another … for the moral and mutual instruction of man, and improvement of his condition, seems to have been peculiarly and benevolently designed by nature, when she made them, like fire, expansible over all space, without lessening their density at any point, and like the air . . . incapable of confinement or exclusive appropriation. Invention, then, cannot be a subject of property.
![Page 17: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac MacPherson, Aug. 13, 1813, reprinted in The Portable Thomas Jefferson 531 (Merrill D. Peterson ed. Penguin Books 1977)
![Page 18: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“Jeffersonian Moments” in US Patent Law
• Early federal period (1790-1800); Jacksonian era (1830s); Progressive era (1895-1915); New Deal period (1932-1945); 1960s and 1970s
![Page 19: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
William O. Douglas
![Page 20: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Alexander Hamilton
![Page 21: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Technology and the primeval forest
“Dark forests from the view recede, and herds and flocks in safety feed, and plenty crown a cheerful home where prowling wolves were wont to roam.”
-- Sturbridge, Massachusetts Centennial, July 4, 1838
![Page 23: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hamiltonian moments in US Patent Law
• Federalist period (1800-1830); Mid-nineteenth century (1865-1890); 1920s; 1950s; 1980-2005 (+?)
![Page 24: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Justice Joseph Story
![Page 25: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
R. Kent Newmyer, Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story: Statesman of the Old
Republic (UNC Press 1986)
“In these [patent] cases [Story] moved away from undue reliance on English law in the direction of an American patent law that would favor inventors and, following the spirit of the Constitution, serve national interest by promoting technological progress. . . . Story’s authority . . . was of immense importance in giving legitimacy to the new position. [H]e was identified by contemporaries as the pioneer in the liberalization of American patent law.”
![Page 26: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
“The constitution of the United States, in giving authority to congress to grant … patents …, declares the object to be to promote the progress of science and useful arts, an object as truly national, and meritorious, and well founded in public policy, as any which can possibly be within the scope of national protection. Hence it has always been the course of the American courts . . . to construe these patents fairly and liberally, and not to subject them to any over-nice and critical refinements. . . . AMES v. HOWARD, 1 F.Cas. 755 (CCD Mass. 1833)
![Page 27: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Patent Document: Main Features
• CLAIMS!
– Very important now, Sup Ct, Federal Circuit jurisprudence
• Specification– Key: relationship to claims– Timing issues
![Page 28: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cupholder – claim 1
![Page 29: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dependent Claims
![Page 30: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Claim Scope 101
• What is the goal?
–Maximize “SHELF SPACE” you own
• How do you get there?
– By drafting broadest claim(s) possible
![Page 31: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
More space, more $$!
![Page 33: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
P. 36: “A cup holder comprising a band of insulating material.”
![Page 34: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Claim Breadth
Short, broad claim
Band with interlock-ing ends
“Band of insulating material” Band
withOUT interlock-ing ends
![Page 35: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
NO INFRINGEMENT OF NARROW CLAIM
![Page 36: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The “Noon” Patent – p. 44
![Page 37: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
P. 46: “A cupholder comprising a strip of insulating material, said strip having two ends capable of interlocking to form a band for receiving a cup.”
![Page 38: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
P. 36: “A cup holder comprising a band of insulating material.”
![Page 40: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
“Less is More”
Narrower, longer claim
Band without interlock-ing ends
Insulating Band, interlocking ends
![Page 41: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
3) “All red shirts”
Broadest Claim (Claim 1): All Clothing
Claim 2): All Shirts
![Page 42: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cupholder – claim 1
![Page 43: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Dependent Claims
![Page 44: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Dealing with Prior Art
• Multiple claims– More variations in scope, more chances to own
the key piece of shelf space– More chances that at least one claim will end up
valid and valuable
• Disclosure, searches, prosecution– A complex calculus governs searching for and
including prior art– Willfull infringement/inequitable conduct
![Page 45: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
“picture claim”
Broadest Claim (Claim 1)
![Page 46: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Special case: dependent claim
“the ____ of claim 1, wherein the _____ [element] comprises ______.”
Dependent claims define subsets of the claims form which they depend
![Page 47: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
1. A cupholder comprising a band of insulating material.
![Page 48: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Claim 1
‘473 Coffin Sr. – tubular preformed
![Page 49: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Claim 1
![Page 50: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Noon prior art holder
Claim 1
![Page 51: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
‘473 Coffin Sr. – tubular preformed
Noon prior art holder
Claim 1
![Page 52: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
“Less is More” (Enforceable)
Narrower, longer claim
Noon prior art holder
Corrugated paper strip w/ “slotted” closure
‘473 Coffin Sr. – tubular preformed
![Page 53: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
• United States Patent 5,425,497 Sorensen June 20, 1995 Cup holder
• Abstract• A cup holder is disclosed in the form of a sheet with distal
ends. A web is formed in one of the ends, and a corresponding slot is formed in the other end such that the ends interlock. Thus the cup holder is assembled by rolling the sheet and interlocking the ends. The sheet can be an elongate band of pressed material, preferably pressed paper pulp, and is preferably formed with multiple nubbins and depressions. In one embodiment, the sheet has a top and bottom that are arcuate and concentric, and matching webs and cuts are formed in each end of the sheet, with the cuts being perpendicular to the top of the sheet.
• Inventors: Sorensen; Jay (3616 NE. Alberta Ct., Portland,
OR 97211) Appl. No.: 150682Filed: November 9, 1993
![Page 55: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Narrowing Amendment
![Page 59: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
“prior Art Chart”
• P. 45
• Multiple features, compared to claim
![Page 60: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Patent System Overview
• Administrative Agency: PTO
• Reviewing courts– District courts– Federal Circuit (after 1982)– US Supreme Court (especially since 1995)
![Page 61: Patent Law Fall 2011 Class 1: 8.25.2011 Professor Merges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d3f5503460f94a183b2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Patent System
• PTO – Court relationship unusual
• PTO predates most administrative agencies
• APA applied to PTO piecemeal and incompletely