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My presentationPATEINT MONITERING SYSTEM

Clinical Application

• Continuous measurement of patient parameters such as heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood-oxygen saturation, and many other parameters have become a common feature of the care of critically ill patients patient monitors are required to measure this parameters.

• A patient monitor may not only alert caregivers to potentially life-threatening events; many provide physiologic input data used to control directly connected life-support devices.

Cont…

SO... Patient monitoring system “Repeated or continuous observations or measurements of

the patient, his or her physiological function, and the function of life support equipment, for the purpose of guiding management decisions, including when to make therapeutic interventions, and assessment of those interventions” [Hudson, 1985, p. 630].

Just so you know… PM was started in 1966 in LA,USA

PM is for….

1. Patients with unstable physiological regulatory systems;

e.g. a patient whose respiratory system is suppressed by a drug overdose or anesthesia

2. Patients with a suspected life-threatening condition;e.g. a patient who has findings indicating an acute

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

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3. Patients at high risk of developing a life-threatening condition;

e.g. patients immediately after open-heart surgery or a premature infant whose heart and lungs are not fully developed

4. Patients in a critical physiological state; e.g. patients with multiple trauma orseptic shock.5. Mother and baby during the labor and delivery

process.

Its Interactions with the patient

PMs contains ECG 3/5/10 leads Respiration Invasive Blood Pressure (IBP) Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) Dual Temperature End Tidal CO2

Pulse Oxy Meter (SpO2)

Cont…The sensors Thermister: for body temperature and respiratory

– This sensor exhibits a large change in resistance with a change in body temperature

– The respiratory rate is determined by holding the sensor near the nose

Photoelectric(can sense the patient’s pulse rate. ): for the patient’s heart beat rate is monitored using which

Pulse oximetr: for measuring Spo2

Pressure sensor: for measuring blood pressure

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• Once patients are attached to the appropriate monitoring electrodes/pads, the cables are connected to the physiologic monitor.

• Then the monitor allows patients’ physiologic parameters to be continuously monitored so that changes can be identified and, if necessary, treated.

Block diagrams

Fig of Patient monitoring

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• Pulse oximetr

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• ECG

Cont…NIBP

Common problems…• Poor electrode preparation and attachment • Loss of patient alarms, • misleading alarms and • parameter errors• Damage of biometric sensors/abnormal

reading of the meters devices

Cont…• Tubes get damaged • Diming of the monitor screen• Filters get blocked• Back up battery failure• The same failure as that of other electrical

devices• Even monitors that are functioning reliably

cannot substitute for frequent direct observation.

Trouble shooting…

Always preventive maintenance is recommendedCables and lead wires should be periodically inspected

for breaks and cracks.

The sensors should have to be replaced if not working properly

The physiological parameters should be set properly

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The monitor cable should be replaced When the screen of the monitor is deem(abnormally)

Filters should have to be cleaned /replaced periodically (Changed between patient is recommended)

For further trouble shooting refer the service manual

Basic Maintenance procedures

PreparationStep 1 ObservationStep 2 Define Problem AreaStep 3 Identify Possible CausesStep 4 Determine Most Probable couseStep 5 Test and RepairFollow-up

Is there any question