PAT Picture Guide

8/14/2019 PAT Picture Guide

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PAT GuidePAT GuidePAT GuidePAT Guide

Picture Guide to assist in thef PAT/FAT


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This Document is to be used in accordance with the PAT/ FAT acceptance checklist and

overall Deficiency Lists. It is designed to offer visual assistance to help bridge any languagebarrier with an idea to enhance quality.

Please Note that the Generator PAT checklist has been removed from this guide.

All photos used in this guide were taken on sites deemed ready for PAT by Huawei.

1.0 Site Development

2.0 Records & Documents

3.0 Earth Works

4.0 Site Cleanliness

5.0 Fence (Greenfield )

6.0 Site Development ( Roof top )

7.0 Greenfield/ Roof top ( Indoor ) Brick Room

8.0 Air conditioning ACU

9.0 Greenfield/ Roof top ( Outdoor ) Sun Shelter/ Brick Room

10.0 Tower ( Visual Inspection )

11.0 Electrical

12.0 Electrical Test.


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MAJOR/ MINOR ITEM DESCRIPTION

CIVIL WORKS

1.0 Site Development

Major 1.1 Layout: Conformity with the Approved Construction Drawing.

2.0 Records & Documents

Major 2.1 As Built drawing reflects the built site.

3.0 Earthworks

Minor 3.1 Grading and Leveling as per indicated in the drawing.

Minor 3.2 Crushed Rock is 100mm deep.(Random locations to be checked)

Major 3.3 Site is free from settlement.

Major 3.4 Compaction has been correctly done in 20cm layers.

Minor 3.5 Access Road Construction 4m wide.

4.0 Site Final Clean

Minor 4.1 General Cleaning (external)

Minor 4.2 General cleaning (internal)

5.0 Fence (Green Field)

Major 5.1 3 strand Barbed wire galvanized (Check quality, connections and Tension of wire)


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Major 5.6 No holes/gaps in the fence Including underside

Minor 5.7 Fence is aligned, secure and is tensioned correctly.

Minor 5.8 Fence welding is to a good standard.

6.0 Site Development - Greenfield/ Roof Top

Major 6.1Installation of building access steps. (walkways, platforms or ladders should be avail-

able to gain access to the facilities)

Minor 6.2 Site is free from trip hazards.

Minor 6.3 Premises have been returned to original state. (Damaged building etc)

7.0 Greenfield/Roof Top - indoor site (Brick Room)

Major 7.1 Room Lay Out According to Drawing.

Minor 7.2 Porthole or Feeder Entry Location According to Drawing.

Minor 7.3 Cable window glands sealed correctly with clear silicone.

Minor 7.4 Door Location According to Drawing.

Minor 7.5 All door seals are in good order.

Major 7.6 Door and Locks. (Deadbolt and Padlock)

Major 7.7 Door specification is correct. (IP54)

Minor 7.8 Keys handover.

Minor 7.9 Flooring. (Level, Vinyl Installation is Anti Static, No tears )

Minor 7.10 Ceiling Elevation According to Drawing.

Minor 7.11 Cable ladder correct elevation and Alignment.

Major 7.12 Roof structure sealed correctly, Internally and Externally.


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Minor 7.17 Cable ladder is installed correctly with bond straps at joints.

Minor 7.18 Electrical trunking is installed to a good standard.

8.0 Air Conditioning Unit (ACU)

Major 8.1 ACU are functioning and working efficiently.

Minor 8.2 Serial No. ACU 1:________________________________________

Minor 8.3 Serial No. ACU 2:________________________________________

Minor 8.4 A/C Type, Brand.

Minor 8.5 Overall Installation of package is correct.

Minor 8.6 Check Filter.

Minor 8.7 Check Breaker Location.

Minor 8.8 Correct AC controller holders have been installed inside room.

Minor 8.9 Check Cover and evaporator should be Clean.

Minor 8.10 PVC drain pipe for Air Conditioning/ Fixed every meter/ Drain off point acceptable.

Major 8.11 AC condenser pipes are insulated correctly.

9.0 Greenfield/Roof Top - Outdoor site (Sun Shelter/ Brick Room )

Major 9.1 Overall Installation of package is correct .(Layout)

Major 9.2 Sun Shelter constructed as per drawing.

Major 9.3 Roof sheeting is complete.

Minor 9.4 Sun shelter is rigid.


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Minor 9.9Brick room internal and external walls are free from damage and are built to a goodstandard.

Minor 9.10 Brick room internal and external paintwork has been finished to a good standard.

Major 9.11 Brick room roof drainage (pipes) has been finished to a good standard.

Major 9.12 Brick room lighting and electrical has been installed.

10.0 TOWER (VISUAL & PHYSICAL INSPECTION)

Major 10.1 Tower height. (as per approved design)

Minor 10.2 Tower Base Plate is filled with Non-shrink grout.

Minor 10.3 Concrete pedestal height. ( Greenfield )

Minor 10.4 Climbing ladder/ fixed to concrete beam/ correct anchor bolts used.

Minor 10.5 Work / rest platform.

Minor 10.6 Cable ladder as per drawing.

Minor 10.7 Cable bridge, cable bridge legs and footings as per drawing.

Major 10.8 TEST: Torque wrench/ Random check of nuts and bolts throughout tower.

Minor 10.9 No missing bolts/nuts/washers.

Major 10.10 Bolts correct size and grade. (8.8 grade)

Major 10.11 TEST: Alignment / verticality. (Tolerance 1:400)

Major 10.12 Lighting arrester .

Major 10.13 Top & bottom Bus Bar.

Major 10.14 Fitting of tower member joints. (Check no gaps between joints)

Major 10.15TEST: Elcometer/ Painting (Random DFT to be measured) and that paint work isfree from damage.

Minor 10 16 Check Antenna mounts (secure installed correctly)


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11.0 ELECTRICAL

Minor 11.1 Service Entrance Pedestal.

Major 11.2 Mains conduit/ Fixed every meter/ Correct clamps used/ Painted grey/ Sealed to

Minor 11.3 Ceramic spool rack Installed.

Major 11.4 Catenary from EDC pole to landlords roof installed.

Major 11.5 Mains cable secured to Catenary using correct clamps.

Major 11.6 EDC Connection is correct and Glanded into ACDP.

Major 11.7 All electrical fittings - Are secure and functioning. Including, lights, sockets etc

Major 11.8 All external electrical fittings have sufficient IP ratings.

Major 11.9

Cables in panels have lugs fitted/ crimped tightly/ tails are not too long/ attached se-

curely.

Minor 11.10 Cable work in panels have correct individual ID Labels.

Major 11.11 Electrical Panels have correct wiring schematic.

Major 11.12 Lightning surge protection on main panel - SPD.

Major 11.13 DG Socket installed .

Major 11.14 Internal earth bars in panels are connected to main earth ring.

Major 11.15 Circuit breakers correct size.


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12.0 Electrical Tests (switch board functionality)

Major 12.1 Energize the electrical panel and check operation.

13.0 OB Light Test

Major 13.1 TEST: Cover photo cell and observe that obstruction lamps light up.

14.0 Earthing & Lightning Protection.

Major 14.1 Ground rods installed as per drawing.

Major 14.2Connections between the ground system and the ground rods correct.(2 bolt connec-tion)

Major 14.3 Grounding pits as per drawing.

Major 14.4 TEST: The earth resistance should be less then 5 Ohm. (Record measurement)

Major 14.5 Tower Bus bar properly installed.

Major 14.6 Equipment grounded correctly.

Major 14.7 Tower Legs Grounded.

Major 14.8 Sun shelter steel 'H' beam Grounded.

Major 14.9 Sun shelter Grounded.

Major 14.10 Climb Ladder Grounded.

Major 14.11 Cable Bridge support Grounded.

Major 14.12 Fence Grounded.

Major 14.13 Cable Bridge has bond strap at each joint.

Major 14.14 Grounding strip is fixed every meter using M8 bolts and black rubber spacer washers.

Major 14 15 Grounding strip joints have correct over lap (as per drawing) 100mm bolt to bolt


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1.0 Site Development.

Check that the newly constructed site

conforms to the construction issue

drawing.

If there are items that are shown on

the drawing but are missing from site,

note them down on thePAT deficiency list.

The picture right, shows theengineer checking that the Surge

Protection Device has been fitted andin the correct location.

2.0 Records & Doc.

Check the As Built Drawings match

the completed works on site.

If there are items incorrectly shown,

or if there are items that are missing

from the As Built Drawing markdown the items using a REDpen.

The drawings must show what has

actually been built on site.

It is important the drawings show

Antenna Heights and Azimuths. If

this is not shown make a note on the

front page of the drawings.

1.0&2.0Records&Documents


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3.1 Grading & Leveling.

Check that the grading on site

matches what is on the drawing.

Picture 1.Shows a typical site. The

lines drawn help us to see if the

grading is correct. If we compare it to

the drawing below we can see thatthere is not 500mm of flat backfill

before the gradient commences. The

gradient just slopes directly from theBrick Room. This should be noted on

the deficiencies

Picture 2. Shows the actual drawing

dimensions .

Circled, is the ratio that should beused to calculate if the grading on site

is correct.

3.2 Crushed Rock.

Check that crushed rock has been laid

inside Greenfield perimeter fence.

Crushed rock should be laid to a depth

of 100mm.

Check in 5 random locations withinfence that this depth has been main-

tained.

The picture left shows crushed rock

laid around a grounding pit.

2

1

3.0Eart

hWorks


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3.3 Site Settlement. On Greenfield sites it is important to check atosee if any settlement has occurred.Check: Buildings for cracks, Cable Bridge and Fence Foundation levels. Is the ground around the tower soft?

1 2

3 4Tower Leg


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4.1 Site Clean External.

Check that the site is clear from anyconstruction rubbish that may have

been left behind.

Cement bags, timber form work, brick

rubble etc.

Picture 1. Shows left over roofsheeting and cardboard on a rooftop

site. Note the poor installation of the

mains conduit on the wall. We can seeit has not been fixed every meter (as

per drawing)

Picture 2. Shows a Greenfield site

with brick rubble and blue PVC pipe

in the background. We can also seethat the backfill has been done poorly

on this site.

4.2 Site Clean Internal.

Check that the inside of the BTS roomis clean from any rubbish or dust.

Is the equipment dusty?

Is there dirt on the cable feeder

window ledge?

Is the vinyl floor clean from dust ,

paint and floor glue?

Check inside the ACDP & SPD

panels, are they free from dust and

metal filings?

A BTS room should be a dust freeenvironment to allow the equipment

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2

4.0SiteC

leanliness


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5.1 Barbed Wire Fencing. Check the barbed wire installed around the perimeter fence. Check thejoints (are there any weak points?). Check the tension ( is it tight when pulled by hand? )

Cracked concrete fill

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3 4

5.0Fencing


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5.1 Barbed Wire Fencing. The pictures above are examples of acceptable barbed wire installations.The arrowed picture shows an end termination. Wire folded over, welded and finished with galvanized paint.

Bolted to brick room wall


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5.2 Gate Lock.

The pictures on the right show 2different types of gate lock.

Picture 1. Shows one which is

unacceptable. It has been made up on

site not factory made.

It is welded onto the chain link stripnot the fence panel.

Picture 2. Shows a suitable bolt lockwelded firmly onto the middle tube of

the fence panel.

Picture 3. Shows the drop in bolt at

the foot of the Fence Gate. It is just as

important to have a solid concrete

bolting pad as it is to have a secure

lock

5.3 Galvanized Paint.

Picture 1. Shows an acceptable

welded joint with a proper coat of

galvanized paint

Picture 2. Shows a poor weld and bad

paint work See how rust has already

1

1

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5.4 Fence Panel

Connections.The pictures on the right show 2different fence panel to panel

Connections.

Pictures 1 & 2. Show unacceptable

connections. We can see that the bolts

have been left too long in the pictureon the left and too short in the one on

the right. Also they have not been

painted with galvanized paint and havebegun to rust. This also shows they

were a poor quality bolt to begin with.

Picture 3. Shows a good

example of fence panel connections.The panels are tight together and are

spaced with washers. The bolts have

been cropped short and the ends have

been coated with galvanized paint.

5.5 Fence Connection to

Brick Room.

Picture 1. Shows an unacceptable

Fence to Brick Room Connection. Italso highlights many other

deficiencies such as poor

painting of the fence and damage to

the Brick Room wall. If we look even

closer we can see that the nut has not

even been tightened (circled).

Picture 2. Shows an

bl F B i k R

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3

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5.6 Gaps in Fence.

The pictures on the right showunacceptablegaps in the fence

Picture 1. Shows a large gap on the

underside of the fence. The correct

measurement should be 200mm from

fence to backfill. In the far corner themeasurement is over 600mm. Also of

note is the poor fence post grounding

(circled)

Picture 2. Shows a break in the chain

link fence. The arrow is pointing to anunacceptable repair. This leaves the

fence unsecure.

5.7 Fence Tension Correct.

Picture 1. Shows the engineer

pulling on the fence to check its

tension. The fence should not give

way any more than 50mm from itsresting position

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2

1


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5.8 Fence Welding.(Poor)

The pictures on the right showunacceptable fence welding.

Picture 1. Shows the chain link being

welded directly onto an internal steel

frame. The large gaps between the

steel and the fence panel are clearlyvisible. As is also the heavy rust.

Picture 2. Shows again large gaps

between the chain link and the fence

panel. The arrow is pointing out there

is no welding at all to the corner of

the Fence.

Chain Link must not be welded

directly onto the fence panel. It must

be threaded NOT WELDED.

5.8 Fence welding. (Good)

Picture 3. On the left shows thechain link threaded with steel rod

The rod welded on the vertical and

horizontal parts of the Fence Panel.

The spot welds should be a minimum20mm long ( arrowed ).

Picture 4. The bottom left shows the

chain link of the fence has been

threaded by steel rod and the rod

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2

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6.1 Site Access.

Picture 1. Shows blocked access tothe tower. Not only are there large

amounts of furniture stored around the

tower legs but the roof is entirelyclosed over the climbingladder., making access to this towerimpossible .

Also of note is the fact that during a

strike by lightning the entire roof

structure would become live with

electrical current as it is part of the

tower.

Picture 2. Shows that the site is noteasily accessible due to water poolingaround the site. We can see that thebackfill gradient is eroding away.

This a deficiency because it is noteasy to access site through foot or

vehicle traffic. Eventually the water

problem is likely to affect the fence.

6.2 Site Free From Trip

Hazards.The site should be free from obviousTrip Hazards that have been caused

by poor building standards.

Picture 1. Shows the engineer trip-

ping over a Mains Conduit laid acrossa walkway.

Picture 2. Shows the same Conduitfrom a different angle. We can see in

the background that there is more

conduit laid across the walkway.

Why did the Sub-con block thewalkway twice?The Conduit at thefront is unsupported and therefore

bl

1

2

6.0

SiteDevelopment


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6.3 Landlords Premises.

Once construction has beenCompleted it is up to the sub-con to

reinstate the landlords premises to

their original condition.

Picture 1. Shows the damage caused

by the Sub-con roughly chippingaway the roof tiles to install the cable

bridge. Notice that the Cable Bridge is

missing a bond strap at the joint andthe concrete footings have been left

unpainted

Picture 2. The bottom right shows a

cracked tile that was damaged during

the grounding installation.

Each of these should be marked downas deficiencies for the Sub-con to

repair.

7.1 & 7.2 Room Layout.

Check the room layout against thedrawing . If there are any notable

changes to the room compared to the

construction issue drawing mark it inREDpen on the as built drawing.

If any major items are missing , suchas a smoke alarm or AC Unit mark it

down on the deficiency list.

Also check that the Feeder Cable

entry window ( Item 7.2 ) is as per

drawing. Check size and location

The picture on the left shows the as

built drawing after the engineer has

1

2

oorBrickRoom


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7.3 Cable Window.

The cable feeder window should besealed to the outside with clear

Silicone. This is to stop any water or

insects from entering the BTS Room.

Check to see if the sealing has been

done neatly without smearing siliconeon the cables. The feeder cables

should be sealed from both sides.

7.5 Door Seals.

The door seals are an important partof the rooms function. They will stop

water and insects from entering the

building.

They also provide an airlock to theoutside so that the air conditionersdont need to work so hard.

Picture 1. Shows the sealant strip isdamaged with 2 large pieces missing.

It also shows there is a fixing screw

missing ( arrowed )

Picture 2. Shows a good door seal.

To check move your hands around the

7.4 Door Location.

This procedure is exactly the same as

Item 7.1 and 7.2.

Also check that the door threshold is

at least 100mm higher than the

ground level on the outside. This is

important to stop water entering the

building in heavy rain.

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7.7 Door Spec. IP 54

The door installed on site should be 1hour fire rated and should meet a

minimum IP Rating of 54.

Check the IP Ratings list at the back

of this guide for assistance .If youare unsure mark in the deficienciesPlease provide certification

The picture top shows a door which

is not IP 54. The door handlespoor

welding show that this is not a factory

made door.

7.6 Door Locks.Check to see that the doors open

and close properly.

Turn the lock. Is it easy to use?

Open and close the door severaltimes. Does it close easily?

When the door is closed. Does it sit

straight in the frame?

Picture 1. Shows an obvious

Deficiency. The entire lockset is

missing. This door has no security

protecting the expensive equipmentinside. This is a major deficiencyand should be fixed immediately.

Picture 2. Shows the engineerchecking a complete lockset.

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7.8 Keys Handover.If any keys are to be handed over note it down in the comments. If no keys have been handed over mark it as a fail

in the deficiencies list.

7.9 Flooring.The pictures on the left show a series of common problems.

Picture 1. Shows that there is not enough floor glue on the corner of the tile.

Picture 2. Shows that the flooring has not been completed so that it meets the door threshold.

Picture 3. Shows excessive floor glue (circled ) on the joints of the tiles. This floor also needs a good clean.

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7.10 Ceiling Elevation According To DrawingCheck the ceiling elevation against the drawing ( especially As Built Drawings ) using the same procedure as

items 7.1, 7.2, and 7.4. Also note whether 50mm fiber glass insulation has been installed in the ceiling void.

7.12 Roof Structure Sealed

Check the perimeter of the BrickRoom at high level where it meets the

roof.

All holes should be filled and all gaps

siliconed

Also check on top of the roof

sheeting.

Are the any excess fixing holes that

might leak during rain?

7.11 Cable Ladder.Once again check cable ladder

construction against the drawing.

-Is it the correct height?

-Are the ladder supports well fixed

into the wall?-Is the ladder level?

-Is the threaded rod cropped short?

Picture 1. Shows the engineer check-

ing to see the strength of the supports.

Picture 2. Shows missing nuts and

bolts from ladder fixing brackets.

Picture 3. Shows that the threadedrod has been left too long. It should be

cut approx 5mm after the nut andwasher.

7.13 Int/ Ext Walls Free

From Damage.

This picture

shows a tight seal

to roof and wall

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2 3


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7.14 Int/Ext Paintwork

The picture right shows paintworkthat has blistered in the sun (circled ).

It will only be a matter of time before

the paint starts to peel from the walls.

Other areas to check.

Inside the BTS room is there paint on

any equipment, doors, trunking ?

7.16 Internal Bus Bar

Check the Bus Bar is attached firmlyto the wall. Is it in the right place?

Picture 1. Shows the grounding strip

is only attached with 1 bolt (circled).

Picture 2. Shows damage to the wallwhilst installing. Also note within the

picture that there is a missing fixing

bolt (arrowed).

7.15 Fire Extinguisher

The fire extinguisher in the BTS room

should be aDry Powder Type ( Picture 1.). Due

to the electrical nature of a BTS room

Water or Foam type extinguishers are

not acceptable

Picture 2. Shows the engineer ischecking to see that the firing pin is

still intact (circled)

7.17 Cable Ladder with

Bond strapsAll internal cable bridge/ ladder must

be bonded to the main earth ring

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1 2


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7.18 Electrical Trunking.

(Poor Installations)

The good installation of electricaltrunking is of high importance. It

carries high volt power that can cause

death if disturbed.

Picture 1. Shows plastic trunking

used to house grounding strip. This isnot acceptable.

Picture 2. Shows trunking which isnot the correct size. It should be large

enough to cover the gland holes thatthe cables go into. The trunking lid

has been roughly chopped to allow

the cable to pass (circled). This is not

acceptable.

Picture 3. Shows the same problemsas picture 2. Also of note is the small

piece of lid that has been stuck onusing silicone. This is not acceptable.

1

2

4

3

Picture 4. Shows 2 different

sizes of trunking butted

together (circled). The end of

the larger piece of trunking is

d d Thi i t


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7.18 Electrical Trunking

(correct installations)

These pictures show good trunking

installations. Note there are no wires

on show. The trunking fits hard into

the electrical panel.

A panel such as this could house

power between 240415 volts. It is

therefore of upmost importance that

the cables housed in the trunking arewell protected.

Damaging such cables could result in

death.


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8.1 ACU working Functioning.

The AC Units must be proved to be working. Take the controls from their wall mounted position and test eachindividual unit responds to the controls.

8.4 AC Type (EG. Wall mount) & Brand.

Check the type of AC Unit and the Brand name and note it down on the PAT sheet.

8.2 & 8.3 ACU Serial No. Units 1 & 2.

Check the AC Units for their individual Serial Numbers and note them down on the PAT sheet.

8.6 Check Filters.

Check the filters on all AC units. The

front section of the wall mounted unit

will lift up as shown inPicture 1.

Picture 2. Shows the engineer point-

ing out that the filter is dirty.

The filters should be removed and

8.5 Overall Installation.

The overall installation should match what is shown on the Construction issue drawings. If there are any changes

note them on the As Built Drawings in REDpen. Also note them on the deficiency list.

1

8.0

AirConditioning


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8.7 Check Breaker

Location.

Open up the ACDP. The breakersshould be directly in front of you.

The picture right shows the correct

size breaker C32Amp (circled).

Notice also that the breaker has been

labeled above. A breaker will be on(live) in the up position. Check

against the drawing.

8.9 Check Condenser

Cover.

Check the covers of the AC Internal

Wall Unit and the External ACCondenser.

Are they fixed to the wall and bracket

correctly?

Are any nuts, bolts or washers

missing?

Are they clean and free of paint

splatter?

Check over the units are there any

h bl h ?

8.8 AC Controllers.

Check that the portable hand held

controllers are in the room and thatthey operate the AC Units in the

room. They should also have the

correct, factory supplied holders fitted

on the brick room wall (pictured).


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8.10 PVC Drain/ AC Units

Check the entire run of the drain pipe

installation. Has it been clipped every

meter using the correct clips ?

(circled in picture 1.)

Is it draining off into a proper drain?(not onto the landlords roof)

Picture 1. Shows the drain pipe un-

supported at high level (arrowed). The

drain pipe should have been broughtdown the wall.

Picture 2. Shows that the AC unit is

draining onto the landlords roof. Italso shows that flexible hose has been

attached on the end. Why? Thisshould be run into a proper drain.

Picture 3. Unbelievably the sub-con

has attached the AC drain pipe using

cable tie and wire. We can see that the

1

3

2


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8.11 AC Condenser Pipes.

(Poorly Insulated)

The correct insulation of AC pipe

work is very important and can affect

the life span and the running of the

unit. (see over page for correct insula-

tion)

Picture 1. Shows poorly insulated

pipe work. Notice (circled) that the

unit is not even bolted to the bracket.

Picture 2. Shows condensation

dripping from the pipe work. The unit

will have to work harder to keep the

room cold. The arrow points to a pipe

with just tape no foam insulation.

Picture 3. Shows the same as in pic-

tures 1 & 2 but also notice (arrowed)how the power cables have been runinto the unit. They must be put inside

conduit. Never accept

exposed cables.

1

2


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8.11 AC Condenser Pipes.

(Correct Insulation)

The picture on the right shows a

correctly insulated unit.

Notice that the pipe work is tightly

bound with foam insulation and ducttape.

The bottom valves have been covered

with a factory supplied cover.

Also of note is the green and yellow

cable (arrowed) which shows the unit

has been earthed.

9.1 Sun Shelter Layout.

( Brick Room Item 9.2 )Check over the drawing and seewhether what has been built on site

matches the drawings.

Picture 1. Shows a Sun Shelter site

where the roof has been built the

wrong way around The roof shouldprovide shelter when the IBBS door is

open. The Sub-con should be made to

turn this shelter around the right way.

Picture 2. Shows a typical sun shelter

built correctly.

Picture 3 Shows the engineer

1

SunShelter/BrickRoom


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9.2 Sun Shelter/ Brick

Room As Drawing.

Check the constructed brick room

layout against the drawings.

Picture 1. Shows that the Brick

Room has been built without stairsas shown in Picture 2. Why?

Their may be good reason for this

but it should still be noted. So it canbe followed up at an office level.

If there have been any changes to

design there must have been

previous approval to do so.

Also remember to amend the As

built drawings in REDpen to re-

flect this.

9.3 Roof Sheeting

Complete.

Check that the Sun Shelter roofing is

complete. This also includes lookingfor any holes that may have been

made in the roof sheet.

Picture 1. Shows a Sun Shelter with

its roof sheeting complete

Picture 2. Shows incomplete roof

sheeting. This is obvious because we

can still see the roof beam exposed(circled)

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9.4 Sun Shelter Is Rigid.Check that the Sun Shelter is rigid

(does not sway). The best way to do

this is by hand. If the Shelter is

swaying check the points shown in

the pictures on the right.

Picture 1. Shows a large gap under

the shelters fixing plate. Also notice

that the fixing bolt has not been put in

square. This will stop it from being

tightened to its maximum strength.

Picture 2. Shows 4 areas that should

also be checked.

Are the bolts tight?

Are there any missing bolts?

Are there any missing parts?

Is the bracing correct and tight?

9.5 Paint Finish Is To

Good Standard.

Check over the entire Sun Shelter.

Take you time to note the quality ofthe paint work. The pictures here

show acceptable workmanship with

some minor exceptions. We can see

paint splatter on the landlords roof in

Picture 2. and minor rust showing

through on Picture 3.

CHECK:

Are there any signs of rust ?

Can you see through the paint to the

b l i ?

1 2


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9.6 Lighting and Electrical.

( IP rating correct )

IP Rating is a system (standard) of

measurement that explains how pro-

tected an electrical item is against an

external environment ( see IP Ratings

Data sheet in the back pages of thisbook ).

The external light fitting of the

projects outdoor sites must have a

minimum IP Rating of IP54. Usingthe IP table we can see that the first

digit relates to dirt and dust and the

second digit relates to water.

We can see that IP 54 means protec-

tion against dust up to 1mm in size

and water that might be splashed on

the electrical item from any direction.

If we look at the differences betweenPictures 1 & 2. it is obvious that pic-

ture 2 is the one not protected against

water & dust.

9.7 Breaker Location.

Check the ACDP and breaker locationagainst the drawing making sure it is

in the correct place.

Note down any differences on the As

Built Drawing and on the deficiencylist

Whilst there check if the breaker is in

the on position and correctly labeled.

9.8 Grounding Bus BarCheck that the Bus Bar has been

installed correctly on the Sun Shelter.

2

1


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9.9 Brick Room Walls.Picture 1. Check around the Brick

Room taking time to note any damage

to the walls

Whilst you are looking you might try

to notice other problems such as thewarped guards door shown inPicture 2. This shows damagedcaused by a grounding installation

into an indoor site. Repair and paint is

the solution. The grounding installa-

tion is another deficiency in this pic-

9.11 Brick Room Roof

Drainage Pipes.

Picture 1. Shows the correct methodof fitting drain pipes.

Picture 2. Shows the damaged caused

by not having the correct drainage

installed. We can see that water hastravelled through the mortar and tothe outside of the building. Causing

cracking to the outside plaster and

water staining the paintwork.

9.10 Brick Room Int/ Ext

Paint Work.When checking Item 9.9 you should

also be looking at the paint finish ofthe site. The picture on the right

shows water damage which has been

caused by poor roof drainage. (See

Item 9.11. )This is an example of when 3 defi-ciencies need to be written down for

the same problem. Items 9.9, 9.10 &

9.11

9.12 Brick Room Lighting

& ElectricalIt is important to check that the right

electrical fittings have been installed

1 2

1 2


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10.1 Tower Height.

(as Approved Design)

Confirm that the tower built on site isthe correct type. The As Built

Drawings should have a description of

the tower and height. Check the site

file in the office and cross check the

two. If you do not have the site file

with you, phone to the office and ask.The picture on the right shows the

front page of the As Built drawing

showing the height and type of tower.

10.2 Tower Base Plate

(Non Shrink Grout)

Once the Tower has been built and

leveled there may be a small gap on

the underside of the fixing plates. Thisshould be filled with a non-shrink

grout (not sand cement)

The best product available is made by

a company called SIKA.

Picture 1. Shows a tower leg which

has been grouted neatly. We can see

care has been taken to keep the black

and the red paint separate.

Picture 2. Shows a tower leg beforegrouting. We can also see that theconcrete beam has not been painted

black.

Picture 3. Shows a climbing ladderfixing plate that has been neatly

grouted. It is also a good example of

fixing with the right bolts and good

paintwork.

10.3 Concrete Pedestal

Check the concrete pedestal against

the drawing and make sure it has been

1 2

3

10.0

Tower


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10.4 Climbing Ladder

Fixed to Concrete Beam.

Check to see that the correct M12fixing bolts have been used to

Secure the climbing ladder to the

concrete beam or pedestal. Many

sites over the project have had the

sub-con finish and leave site without

fixing down the climbing ladder.

Picture 1. Shows an obvious fault

with the entire fixing plate missing

from the climbing ladder.

Picture 2. Shows another example

of a climbing ladder incorrectly

fixed.

We can see that the bolts are too

small and one has actually beenentirely sheared off.

Picture 3. Shows the correct

method of fixing

10.5 Work Rest Platform.Picture 1. Shows an unsupported

work rest platform. There should bean angle bar fitted

(where line has been drawn)to

receive the clip. The clip shown in

this picture is actually doing noth-ing .

Picture 2.Shows a clip fixed the

wrong way around. The top piece

should be fitted underneath.

10.6 Cable Ladder.

(As Per Drawing)Check the cable ladder against the

drawings

1

2 3

ANGLE

BAR

HER

E

1 2


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10.7 Cable Bridge, Legs

& Footings.

The cable bridge carries the cablework from the BTS equipment to the

tower.

Picture 1. Shows a cable bridge that

has been poorly constructed (circled)

We can see that it has started to bendat the joint.

Picture 2. Shows (unbelievably) a

cable bridge that has been attached

to a climbing ladder with wood andwire.

Picture 3. Shows an unfinished

cable bridge.

It should be built so that it fixes onto

the tower.

Picture 4. Shows a good example ofa cable bridge. Notice that it is well

painted and grounded and has a bond

strap attached at the joint.

10.8 Torque Wrench Test.The torque wrench test is very

important. A random selection ofapprox 15 bolts should be tested

over the tower. Make sure the test

includes all sides .If any bolts failthe sub-con should be made totighten all bolts on the tower.

Pictures 1,2 &3. Show examples

of the torque wrench and the engi-

neers checking bolts.Picture 4. Shows the table of meas-

urements. With grade 8.8 circled.

1 2

3 4

1 2


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10.9 Tower Missing Nuts

& Bolts.

Missing nuts and bolts could appearanywhere on the tower. The only

way to make sure they are found is

to be very careful to check each

fixing point . You can be sure that

there is at least one missing nut or

bolt on every towerPictures 1 & 2. Show examples of

where missing nuts and bolts might

be located.

10.11 Verticality Test.The verticality test is done using a

theodolite. The tolerances arecalculated using a simple equation

with the maximum tolerance

allowable of 1 in 400. If we use a

15 meter tower as an example thecalculation would be as follows.

1/400 x 1500cm = 3.75cm . This

means that the tower should not

lean any further than 3.75cm over

its entire height.

Picture 1. Shows a theodoliteInstrument.

Picture 2. Shows an engineer with

a theodolite set up ready to test.

10.10 Bolts Grade 8.8.The standard of strength for tower

bolts is grade 8.8. It should be

clearly stamped on all bolt heads.

Picture 1. Shows a bolt head

stamped with 8.8 on the bottom.

Picture 2. Shows a bad bolt. This isnot the correct grade and is not evengalvanized which is why it has

started to rust.

1 2

1 2

2


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10.12 Lightning Arrester.The lightning arrester (rod ) is likely

to be the first point of contact during a

strike. It is important to check that itis secure and well installed.

Picture 1. Shows the fixing plate thathas been well secured.

Picture 2. Shows a lightning arrester

that has not been fully painted.

Remember to look up.

10.13 Top & Bottom

Bus Bar.

Picture 1. Shows an example of a

good tower Bus Bar installation.

Picture 2. Shows cable work neatly

attached to the bottom Bus Bar. It isimportant to check by hand that the

cable lug bolts are tight.

10.14 Fitting Of Tower

Member Joints.Gaps in tower member joints canaffect the towers strength and over

time could lead to serious problems.

The engineer should use Items 10.8,

10.9, and 10.14 to gain a complete

idea of whether the tower has been

well constructed.

Picture 1. Shows a gap that could be

fixed by tightening the bolt further.

Picture 2. Shows an even moreSevere gap. The paint on the insidethread of the bolt (circled) tells us that

the gap has been there for a long time.

Well before the sub-con painted the

tower.

1 2

1 2

1 2


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10.15 Elcometer Test

Paint Work Quality.

The towers paint thickness shouldbe tested using an elcometer. With-

out this procedure being completed

a pass cannot be marked down on the

PAT sheet. Check the whole tower

and note any faults on the Def list

Pictures 1 & 2. Show paintwork that

is too thin. When checking the tower

the easiest way to see if paint is thick

enough is to look at the white partsof the tower. Notice also in picture 1the poor line between red and white.

Picture 3. Shows the member sup-

porting the work rest platform has

not been painted properly. (arrowed)

Picture 4. Shows careless

workmanship. The cables will needto be cleaned on this site.

10.16 Check Antenna

MountsPictures 1 & 2. Show two common

problems with the antennas and

mounting brackets. Picture 1 shows

a bolt left loose( circled ) andpicture 2 shows a jumper lead that

has not been tied away properly.

The jumper lead is likely to comeloose over time through exposure to

high winds.

10.17 Concrete Beam

Painted Black

Check to see if the concrete beamsfor rooftop and the concrete foot-

ings for Greenfield sites have had

two coats of black paint to seal the

concrete. Sun Shelter and cablebridge footings should also be

i d

1 2

3 4

1 2


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11.2 Mains Conduit.The Mains conduit carries a high

voltage cable and therefore must be

secured , marked and protectedaccordingly. Damage to the mains

conduit could result in death. Theconduit must be painted grey toshow that it is different from waterpipes which are blue.

Picture 1. Shows very poor method

of bringing mains EDC power to

site. The cable is not protected andhas been strung up in a temporary

manner over re-barred columns.

What happens to site power if the

landlord decides to add another

story?

Picture 2. Shows an unsealed end ofconduit. It should be sealed with

silicone or rubber compound.

Pictures 3 & 4. Shows poor methods

of fixing conduit. In picture 3 the

sub-con has even used wire. Inset in

picture 1 is a drawing of the correct

clamping method.

1

2 3 4

Picture 5. Shows a mains conduit

that has been cracked before it has

been painted grey. The sub-con

t thi b k ti

11.0

Elecrical


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11.3 Ceramic Spool Rack

Installed

Picture 1. Shows the constructionissue drawing explaining the use of

the ceramic spool rack and how the

EDC cable should be attached to

the steel wire (catenary). We also

see other details that relate to Items

11.4 & 11.5 on the same drawing.

Pictures 2 & 3. Show the need for

a ceramic spool rack and catenary.

In picture 1 we see that the sub-conneeded to use 2 clips just to holdthe conduit in place due to the

weight of the EDC cable. Picture 2

shows another poor example of a

sub-con just tying the cable to the

balcony railings using old cable.

Both these examples areunacceptable and are both major

deficiencies.

11.4 & 11.5 Catenary &

Clamps.

The cable used to bring the EDCmains power to site is not steel

reinforced so therefore it is not

designed to hold its own weight. In

the hot Cambodian sun it is likely

that the cable will stretch, which isunacceptable. To stop this fromhappening the cable should be sup-

ported by a steel cable (catenary) asshown in the drawing above.

Picture 1. Shows another poor

example of cable work. The cable

has been tied to some re-bar on site

and no care has been taken to

fix the conduit. The correct way is

the way shown on the drawing Eve-

1

32

1

Grey


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11.6 EDC Glanded Into

ACDP & Other Panels.

Probably one of the most importantitems on the electrical PAT list ( as

explained in Item 11.2) The phase 3

power which enters the site does so

at around 415v, so it is important

that it is supported when entering the

ACDP Panel by a stuffing gland.

Picture 1. Shows the red, yellow,

blue and black phase 3 cables

exposed.

Picture 2. Shows the entire gland

plate missing from underneath of the

ACDP Panel.

Picture 3. Shows a stuffing gland

before it has been fitted into a panel.

Picture 4. Shows a fine example ofgood cable work. The use of glands

on this site also seals the panel from

insects and dust.

11.7 Electrical FittingsIt is important to check the function

and the quality of the electrical

fittings.

-Are the fittings new?

-Are they well attached to the wall?-Do they match the fittings

specified in the site drawings?

-Do they work?

Picture 1. Shows a poor example of

a light installation. Notice that theconduit runs through the electricaltrunking.

Picture 2. Shows the engineer

physically checking the socket face.

This should be done on all sites.

1

4

2

3

1 2


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11.10 Cable Work ID.Check that wherever possible thecables have been labeled. This will

help the maintenance team in thefuture understand the site better.

Picture 1. Shows cables correctlylabeled from the DG ATS .

Picture 2. Shows the breakers inthe ACDP panel being correctlylabeled.

11 11 Wiring Schematic

11.8 External (outdoor)Fittings Are IP Rated.(See also Item 9.6)Sun Shelter sites in Cambodia aresubject to extreme weatherconditions and it is important that all

outdoor fittings be IP rated

(see Picture 1).The Indoor fitting shown in Picture

2 is not acceptable.See the IP rating guide in this docu-ment for help.

11.9 Cables In Panels.

Picture 1. Shows us 2 types of cableterminations. The black one on theleft has been correctly lugged.

Where as the cable on the right hasnot and has excess copper shownabove the bar.

Picture 2. Shows an earth bar whichhas had too many earth lugs attached

to it. The rule is 1 cable per terminal

1 2

1 2

1 2


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11.12 SPD Fitted.SPD stands for Surge ProtectionDevice. It protects the equipment

from any power surges that mayhappen using EDC power. It is notnormally fitted on 1+1generatorsites.

The Pictures show examples ofSPDs fitted on site.

11.14 Earth Bar In Panel.

Pictures 1. Shows the earth bar in

the panel not connected. (arrowed)

Picture 2. Shows what the

connection should look like. Theearth cable should be green and

yellow as shown in the picture(arrowed).

11 15 Circuit Breakers

11.13 DG Socket Fitted.

Non generator sites should have aDG socket fitted to the ACDP panel

so that a temporary generator supplycould be connected to Site in theevent of power failure.

Pictures 1 & 2. Show an example ofa DG Socket fitted to an ACDPpanel.

1 2

1 2


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12.1 Energize Panel.On most sites the power may alreadybe on by the time you come to site todo PAT. If it is not on ask the sub-

con to energize the panel.

The picture on the right shows thesub-con energizing the main breaker.The reason we ask the sub-con toenergize the panel is because heinstalled it and would know if the

panel is ready to be turned on.

14.1 Ground Rods.( As Per Drawing )

Lightning can travel at 220,000 kph

and can cause heat at the strikepoint of up to 30,000 DegreesCelsius. Lightning typically carries

an electrical current of 300 kA.With this in mind we can under-

stand that the grounding system of atower site is extremely important.of which the rods make up a largepart.

Picture 1. Shows a lightning strike

13.1 OB Light Test.The OB light is one of the most im-portant items on the tower. Thesub-con must prove to the PATengineer that the light is working. If

he cannot it is marked as a failed teston the Def List.Whilst checking the light pay

attention to how it has been fitted.Picture 2 shows that the OB lighthas not had all the bolts fitted on the

bracket.1 2

1 2

&

Lightning

13.0

OBLig

htTest


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14.2 Ground RodConnectionsThere are two type of ground rodconnections that are acceptable.They are shown in pictures 1 & 4.

The grounding strip or cable shouldnever be earth rod.

Picture 1. Shows an earth rod with a

strong 2 bolt connection. The earthpit should look like this.

Picture 2. Shows an earth pit wherethe connections are so poor that wealmost cant see the earth rod.

(circled)

Picture 3. Shows another type of

connection. This is close to beingacceptable but must be connected thesame as in the drawing in picture 4.

Picture 4. Shows the correct way toconnect the grounding strip to theearth rod in picture 3.

14.3 Grounding Pits( As Per Drawing)

There are 2 types of acceptable

grounding as shown in pictures 1& 2.

Picture 1. Shows one type ofgrounding pit. Formed of concrete.

The concrete lid must have a handlebuilt into it.

Picture 2. Shows another type of

grounding pit with a screw topbrass lid. It is important to make the

21

3 4

1 2


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14.4 TEST:

Earth ResistanceThe earth resistance must meet a

maximum resistance of 5 ohms.Anything greater than this (figure) isa fail.

Picture 1. Shows a resistance meterbeing used by the engineer at PAT.

Circled is the reading of 1.49 ohmsthis is a pass.

Picture 2. Shows the test electrodein the ground. The two testelectrodes should be placed at least10 meters apart and outside the fence

perimeter on Greenfield sites.

Picture 3. Shows a drawing of atypical test set up.

14.5 Tower Bus Bar

Picture 1. Shows a typical drawingof the ground bar plate (Bus Bar).

Picture 2 . Shows cable workattached to the tower Bus Bar. ThePAT engineer should check that theBus Bar is secure, that all cables are

tightly fastened and that the BusBar is the correct type.

14 6 Equipment

3

21

21


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14.7 Tower Legs

GroundedPicture 1. Shows a typical drawing

of a tower leg connection. It explainsthe two hole connection and the sizeof the grounding strip 30x3mm.

Picture 2. Shows another acceptabletower leg connection. This is a steel

braided cable with a two hole lugconnection.

Picture 3. Shows a good example ofa rooftop tower connection. If welook at other parts of the picture wecan see good examples of other

things, like neat installation, no sharpbends and good paint work to the

concrete beam and other parts.

14.8 Sun Shelter SteelH Beam Grounded

The steel H beam on roof top sites

should be grounded in two placesonly. Its path should travel downonto the main earth ring not to the

Sun Shelter Bus Bar.Picture 1. Shows a poor example of

grounding the steel beam. It has hadtoo many connections made onto it.The connection plates are the wrongsize.Picture 2. Shows another poorexample. This sub-con has used the

1

2 3

2


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14.9 Sun Shelter

GroundedThe Sun Shelter should be grounded

in much the same way as the steel H

beam. The connection should bemade using two bolts. It should be

separate to all other fixings and itspath should travel down to the mainground ring not to the Sun Shelter

Bus Bar.

Picture 1. Shows a poor connection

made by fixing the ground strip tothe sun shelter leg.

Picture 2. Shows an almost correct

connection but the fixing bolts arenot 100mm apart and the connection

plate is too small.

Picture 3. Shows a good connection.We can see that the bolts are fixed

100mm apart and the rest of thegrounding system is neatly installed.

14.10 Climb LadderGrounded

Check to see that the climb ladder

has been correctly connected to thegrounding system.

Picture 1. Shows a goodconnection to the climbing ladder

but is unacceptable for otherreasons. We can see that the cablehas been bedded into the concretepedestal. Also the climbing ladder

has not yet been fixed and the con-crete has not yet been painted black.

21

3

21


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14.10 Cable Bridge

Support GroundedThe cable bridge support legs should

be grounded in at least 2 places..Picture 1. Shows a good example ofa rooftop leg connection with the 2

bolts spaced 100mm apart.

Picture 2. Shows a good Greenfield

leg connection. Notice that the sub-con has painted the concrete footingthe wrong colour. It should be black

not white.

Picture 3. Shows a poor connection.We can see that the fixing point has

the bolts too close together. Also wecan see other problems such as the

support has only 1 leg and there isdamage to the landlords roof.

Picture 4. Shows a very poor choice

of connection by the sub-con. Thisentire connection will have to beremoved and redone.

14.11 Fence GroundedThe fence around the perimeter of aGreenfield site should be groundedin 6 places. Once in each corner andonce on each of the gate posts.

Picture 1. Shows a typical fencelayout for a Greenfield site. Thegrounding points have been circled

to show where to find theconnections.

Picture 2. Shows an incorrectconnection. It should have a two

bolt lug and we can see that it is

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21

3 4


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14.12 Cable Bridge Bond

Strap At Each Joint.To make sure that the cable bridge is

bonded properly it must have a bondstrap at each individual joint.

Pictures 1 & 2. Show good exam-ples of the correct way to bond acable bridge together. The connec-

tions are bolted and the cable has thecorrect lugs attached. The paint hasbeen scratched away to give a better

bond to the cable bridge. The onlything the sub-con could do betterhere is to re-paint the cable bridgeafter making the connection.Picture 3. Shows an unacceptablebond connection. Only the version

above is correct. Also notice that theconnection plates are wrong and thattoo many have been used in a shortdistance. If we look closely we can

see that there is actually no need forthe connection plate circled, to bethere at all.

14.13 Strip Fixed EveryMeter With Black Rubber

Spacer Washers.Due to the massive power of a

lightning strike it is important tomake sure the ground strip is fixedsecurely.

Picture 1. Shows a correct connec-tion. The strip is fixed using an M8bolt tightly fitted with a black rub-ber washer underneath.Picture 2. Shows an incorrect ver-sion of picture 1 The strip should

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14.15 GroundingConnection Plates.

Another means of connecting jointsis using connection plates. Thesemust be a minimum size of

150x150mm to allow for the100mm spaced bolts.

Picture 1. Shows that the sub-conhas used this method to get over amistake. There is simply no need

for this type of connection. It is afail and should be removed and

14.14 Ground Strip Joints

Have Correct OverlapA grounding installation should have

the minimum amount of connectionspossible.

Picture 1. Shows a good example ofan over lapped connection. The boltsare spaced neatly apart at 100mm

intervals.Picture 2. Shows a failed connec-tion. No welded joints are allowed.

We can see why as the joint hasalready begun to rust.Picture 3. Shows another failed con-nection. This time the bolts are too

close together. We can also seeunused fixing holes (circled) in the

strip.Picture 4. Shows another failed con-nection. This one fails because of thedifferent sizes of grounding strip

used. Also we can see the strip hasbeen fixed down incorrectly using ascrew instead of a bolt.

1 2

43

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14.16 Grounding Strip

Down Building.The grounding installation must be

fixed every meter and in the case ofrooftop sites that includes down theoutside of the building.Picture 1. Shows one method ofcontainment. Sometimes it is notpossible to fix down the side of the

building so the grounding strip is runinside PVC conduit.Picture 2. Shows a good example. It

also shows the correct overlap andhas been done neatly.Picture 3. Shows the grounding stripreaching the pit. This picture has

been shown to highlight the poormethod of connection.

Picture 4. Shows an unacceptableinstallation. The grounding strip hasjust been left hanging down the sideof the building. This is where the

method shown in picture 1 shouldbe used.

14.17 Other Metal Parts.Other metal parts can mean twothings. Are there any more metallicitems on site that should begrounded? Also, are there any metal

parts that have been connected tothe grounding system that shouldnthave been?

Picture 1. Shows an example of adangerous installation. In the event

of a lightning strike this wholemetal roof would become live.Picture 2. Shows a similar problem

as in picture 1 This time it is the

1

3 1

2

1 2


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14.18 No Sharp Bends

Any bends in the ground strip should

be smooth and round not flat. Checkall bends at PAT.

Picture 1. Shows a bend that is tooflat. This is a fail and will have to bere-done.

Picture 2. Shows a good example ofa nice smooth bend . We can also see

that it has been bolted correctlyusing M8 bolts and black rubberspacer washers.

Picture 3. Shows an example of avery bad flat bend. This could cause

the ground system to fail.

Picture 4. Show a good example ofa smooth bend. This is the ideal

installation.

1 2

3 4

15.0 Other Items Not

Shown On PAT List.Some deficiencies that occur on sitedo not actually have an Item numberon the PAT list. They are still defi-

ciencies and should be marked downaccordingly.Picture 1. Shows a window to the

guards room built on the outside wallof the compound. This is a securityrisk.Picture 2. Shows the solution to the

problem in picture 1. Security barsh b fi d Ch k h

1 2rItems


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RevisionA24/0

6/09

1.0 & 2.0 Records & Docouments

PAT Picture Guide

Documents

Transcript of PAT Picture Guide