Past tense forms in English
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1 Past tense forms in English stopped, walked, coughed, kissed, leashed, reached stabbed, wagged, achieved, buzzed, soothed, bridged steamed, stunned, pulled played, flowed, studied wanted, located, decided, guided
description
Past tense forms in English. stopped, walked, coughed, kissed, leashed, reached stabbed, wagged, achieved, buzzed, soothed, bridged steamed, stunned, pulled played, flowed, studied wanted, located, decided, guided. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Past tense forms in English
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Past tense forms in English stopped, walked, coughed, kissed,
leashed, reached stabbed, wagged, achieved, buzzed,
soothed, bridged steamed, stunned, pulled played, flowed, studied wanted, located, decided, guided
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The regular past tense form in English is pronounced as [t] when the word ends with a voiceless consonant, [d] when it ends with a voiced sound, and [ d] wheɪn it ends with [t] or [d].
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Plural rule
z / [-voice, +cons]______ (Devoicing) / 咝擦音 _____z (增音 ) z z 剩余位置
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Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) Obligatory Contour Principle No identical adjacent autosegment
s. (Goldsmith 1976)
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3. Non-linear Phonology These theories began as a method
for representing prosodic features such the stress in complex words, so that their different levels of stress are represented not by linear orders but by a metrical grid:
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Later the method was extended to the representation of earlier linear rules.
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Feature Geometry
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Plural rule (1)
[+cons] [+cons][-son] root [-son] plural
z
Laryngeal Laryngeal
[-voice] [+voice]
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Plural rule (2)
Ø X /X____________X
[-cons] [+cons] [+cons]
[+strid] [+strid]
[COR] [COR]
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Past tense rule (1)[+cons] [+cons][-son] root [-son] past
d
Laryngeal Laryngeal
[-voice] [+voice]
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Ø X /X__________X
[-cons] [+cons] [+cons]
[-cont] [-cont]
[-nas] [-nas]
Past tense rule (2)
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4. OT The ranking of the constraints is
represented by a “tableau”.
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Review of some constraints *VOICEVOICE: consecutive obstruen
ts must be identical in voicing within a syllable.
DEP-IO: insertion of segment is prohibited.
IDENT-IO: input segment and the corresponding output must be identical.
OCP: No identical adjacent autosegments.
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OT tableau for plural forms (1)
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OT tableau for plural forms (2) / / OCP DEP-IO *voice-voice IDENT(F)
a. [ ə ] *!
b. [ ] *!
c. [ ] *
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OT tableau for past forms (1)
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OT tableau for past forms (2) /wkd/ OCP DEP-IO *voice-voice IDENT(F)
a. [wkd] *!
b. [wkd] *!
c. [wkt] *
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Ranking of the constraints
OCP » DEP-IO » *voice-voice » IDENT(F)
