Past Questions on Plant Reproduction

Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D in figure 1 _______________________________________________________ State one function for each A and B.

_______________________________________________________ Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D,E and F in figure 2 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ What is the function of A? __________________________________ Give two ways in which A may be adapted for this function. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ What forms in F after pollination and fertilization? _________________________________________________________ In which labelled part is pollen produced? ______________________________________________________________ What is pollination? _________________________________________________________________________________ Some flowers have nectaries. How are these flowers pollinated? Explain your answer. ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two ways in which pollen may be transported to another flower. _________________________________________ Name a plant pollinated by each method.________________________________________________________________ Name A and B in figure 3_______________________________________________ Where is pollen produced, in A or in B?___________________________________ To which part of a flower is pollen carried?________________________________ What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggest why cross-pollination is preferable to self-pollination. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4 shows a vertical section through a carpel. Name A, B, C, D, E. ______________________________________________________________________ What happens to the two nuclei labelled D? ______________________________________________________________________ In the case of B and E state what may happen to each of them after fertilisation. ______________________________________________________________________ Complete the diagram by drawing a pollen tube that has completed its growth. Label the nuclei in the pollen tube. Name the nuclei labelled B and D in figure 5 ______________________________________________________________________ Which of the nuclei A, B, C, D is/are not involved in the process of fertilisation? ______________________________________________________________________ Which of the nuclei A, B, C, D will, as a result of fertilisation, become the zygote nucleus of the new plant? ________________________________________________________________________ Name the structure labelled X. ________________Following fertilisation what does an ovule become? ______________ What will form from the structures labelled Y _____________________________________________________________ State a role for each of the following: petal, sepal, anther, stigma, ovary. ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain fertilisation. _________________________________________________________________________________ The two male gametes in the pollen tube are derived from the generative nucleus. Do these gametes form as a result of mitosis or meiosis? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the fate of each of the male gametes. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ State one method that is used to produce seedless fruits. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 5

Figure 4

Give three characteristics in each case of;

1. an insect-pollinated flower,___________________________________________________________________

2. a wind-pollinated flower. ____________________________________________________________________ What process follows pollination in the life cycle of a flowering plant?_______________________________________ Describe the development of pollen grains from microspore mother cells. ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Where does fertilisation occur in the flower?______________________________________________________________ From what structure in the carpel does the seed develop? __________________________________________________ State two locations in the seed where food may be stored. _________________________________________________ The embryo plant within the seed has a number of parts. List two of these parts, apart from food stores, and give a role for each of them. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Following dispersal, the seed undergoes a period of dormancy. What is dormancy? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggest two advantages of dormancy. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Distinguish between integument and testa __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give a brief account of the process of fertilisation in flowering plants. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ After fertilisation which part of the flower becomes the fruit? ________________________________________________ What is the embryo?_________________________________________________________________________________ What is the growth of an embryo into a plant called?_______________________________________________________ What are the conditions needed for germination?__________________________________________________________ What is meant by germination? ________________________________________________________________________ What term is used to describe a seeds period of inactivity? __________________________________________________

Which part of the embryo in a germinating seed gives rise to the root and the shoot. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggest one way in which a knowledge of dormancy is useful to farmers and gardeners. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the effect of water, oxygen and suitable temperature on the process of germination. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain the term dispersal ____________________________________________________________________________ Give two advantages of dispersal to the plant._____________________________________________________________ Name two methods of dispersal. _______________________________________________________________________ How are blackberries dispersed? ________________How are sycamore dispersed? ______________________________ Name a plant in which the leaves are modified for food storage _____________________________________________ Name a carbohydrate that you would expect to find in the leaves of the plant named above _______________________ Name a type of modified stem that functions in food storage…_______________________________________________ Give one example of vegetative propagation and state whether it involves a stem, a root, a leaf or a bud. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Artificial propagation is widely used in horticulture. Give two examples of artificial propagation. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of artificial propagation. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name 2 methods of artificially propagating plants._________________________________________________________ What is meant by vegetative propagation? _______________________________________________________________ Clones are genetically identical individuals. Are the products of vegetative propagation clones? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give two differences between vegetative propagation and propagation involving seeds. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ State a location in the seed where food is stored. ________________ Name the carbohydrate stored there __________

Put the following words in their correct order: germination seed and fruit formation growth fertilisation dispersal pollination _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Distinguish between tubers and bulbs _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name an investigation in which you used starch agar and the precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name an investigation in which you used Alkaline pyrogallol or anaerobic jar and the precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions in relation to practical work you carried out to investigate digestive activity in germinating seeds. Name a plant that provides suitable seeds for this investigation.______________________________________________ What is meant by the term digestion? ___________________________________________________________________ Why is digestion necessary in a germinating seed?_________________________________________________________ What is an agar plate?________________________________________________________________________________ What extra food material is added to the agar plate to show digestive activity during germination?__________________ Outline the procedures that you carried out in setting up this demonstration. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The seeds were divided into two batches. One batch was used untreated. How did you treat the other batch of seeds before using them in the investigation? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain why you treated the second batch of seeds in this way._______________________________________________

What control did you use for this demonstration? _________________________________________________________ What procedure did you carry out in order to show that digestive activity had taken place? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the results that you obtained in the experimental plate and the control plate. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions about an investigation that you carried out on the effect of water, oxygen and temperature on germination. Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you used. What seeds did you use?______________________________________________________________________________ Explain how you set up a control for the investigation.______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did you deprive some of the seeds of oxygen? _______________________________________________________ How did you ensure that some of the seeds were deprived of a suitable temperature for germination? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ State the results of the investigation, including those of the control. __________________________________________________________________________________________________