Past Perfect Future

8/16/2019 Past Perfect Future

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THE VALUES OF THETHE VALUES OF THE

PAST PERFECT TENSEPAST PERFECT TENSE


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EXAMPLES• He knew he had been there for more than two wefor more than two weeks and he felt tired.• Știa că era acolo de mai bine de două săptămni !i se sim"ea obosit.• He reali#ed he had been waitin$ for three monthsfor three months and still hadn%t recei&ed an

answer.• Și'a dat seama că a!tepta de trei luni !i tot nu primise un răspuns.• She knew he had been &er( upset with her e&er since she had refused to marrysince she had refused to marry

Jim. Jim.

• Știa că era foarte supărat pe ea de cnd refu#ase să se căsătorească cu )im.• He admitted that he had been beha&in$ unreasonabl( lately lately .• A recunoscut că se comporta foarte nere#onabil *n ultima &reme.

• He reali#ed that he hadn%t met her yet yet .• Și'a dat seama că n'o *ntlnise *ncă.• He was aware that he had last been paid six months beforesix months before..• Era con!tient că ultima dată cnd fusese plătit fusese cu !ase luni *n urmă.• He had thou$ht his friend had died in 1990in 1990+ but in fact he had died much later.• ,re#use că prietenul lui murise *n -/+ dar de fapt acesta murise mult mai tr#iu.

• The preio!s ni"htThe preio!s ni"ht++ a wolf had broken in the pen and had killed a sheep+ whichmeant that he had to repair the fence of the pen.

• 0oaptea trecută pătrunsese un lup *n "arc !i omorse o oaie+ ceea ce *nsemna căacum trebuia să repare $ardul "arcului.

• He had oftenoften &isited her and she knew she could depend on him.• 1 &i#itase adesea+ iar ea !tia că se putea ba#a pe el.•

He hadn%t alwa(salwa

(s been such a brute+ she thou$ht.• 0u fusese *ntotdeauna o brută+ se $ndea ea.


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2E0E3AL45A64102E0E3AL45A6410PAST PERFECT CAN

SUCCESSFULL# CO$%&NE'&TH AN# CLASS OF T&$EA(VER%&ALS )*THEN+,

THEN-


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COUNTERPART OF PRESENTCOUNTERPART OF PRESENT

PERFECTPERFECT..• 7irect Speech8 4 ha&e been &er( happ(

here. 9 4ndirect Speech4ndirect Speech8 He said he hadbeen &er( happ( there.

• 7irect Speech8 He has been sleepin$ for

two hours. 9 4ndirect Speech84ndirect Speech8 )im said thathis friend had been sleepin$ for two hours.• 7irect Speech8 )ohn married Susan last

(ear. 9 4ndirect Speech84ndirect Speech8 He said that )ohn

had married Susan the pre&ious (ear.• 7irect Speech8 He &isited us on Monda(. 9

4ndirect Speech4ndirect Speech8 )im said that )ohn had

&isited them on Monda(.


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Let’s generalize!

Past Perfect makes a connection with ‘then’Past Perfect makes a connection with ‘then’

and is a past counterpart of Present Perfect.and is a past counterpart of Present Perfect.

It also indicates anteriority to ‘then’ and isIt also indicates anteriority to ‘then’ and istherefore a ‘past before past’ epressingtherefore a ‘past before past’ epressing

e"ents prior to other past e"ents.e"ents prior to other past e"ents.• )im reali#ed he had hated his wife for man( (ears. )im reali#ed he had hated his wife for man( (ears.• )im !i'a dat seama că n'o mai suporta pe ne&astă'

sa de mul"i ani de #ile.• )im reali#ed that he had met his wife twent( (ears )im reali#ed that he had met his wife twent( (ears

before.before.• )im !i'a dat seama că o *ntlnise pe ne&astă'sa cu

două#eci de ani *n urmă.

•


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:117 :13 6H1;2H6:117 :13 6H1;2H6

• ,onsider the followin$ pairs of sentences and commenton their point of reference and on the tense formsemplo(ed8

• 4%&e ne&er been happier in m( life=• He reali#ed he had ne&er been happier in

his life.

•

)im had been happil( married for at leastten (ears.• )im has been happil( married for at least

ten (ears.


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PA 6 PE3:E 6 400A33A64100A33A6410

• ... 4 picked up a bit of naan bread and mopped

up m( curr( sauce. 6he naan bread was bi$>we%d both stu?ed oursel&es with it durin$ themeal but it was still bi$. @hen it had arri&ed ithad needed a separate table ust toaccommodate it> luckil( the restaurant wasn%tbus(. B0ot so much a naan bread+ more atoasted du&et+% 4%d said. Ash had lau$hed.

• 7urin$ the course of the meal we%d reduced thebli$hter to the proportion of a couple of pillows+not to mention disposin$ of portions of chickenkalia and Csh pakora to start+ followed b( $arlicchicken D.... 6wo dr( sherries and a couple ofbottles of 0uit St 2eor$e had washed it alldown and no we were onto the co?ee and


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0A33A64100A33A6410• Elsie thou$ht of her own mother. She hadworked. She had been $ood at her craft and

the air of the kilns had made her ill. She hadtried to make a home for them. 6he( had hada $eranium in a pot on a window sill. 6he( hadhad a Minton plate D... hun$ on a nail on the

wall. 6he( all knew what these thin$s meant. 6he( meant the( were respectable. Just respectable. She tried to think she wouldn%t somuch mind bein$ trapped in a $ilded ca$e of acomfortable Home she had done a fairamount of substitute Home'makin$ atPurchase House+ not so much out of a desirefor homeliness as out of a powerful dislike formess+ and shoddiness+ and discomfort+ whichwas unshared b( the Purchase women. FA.S.


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PE3:E,6PE3:E,6

Pst Perfe2t m3express n eent

tht is directlyconnected withor has an efecton thes!bse4!ent

moment 5i6e6 pst point ofreferen2e7 then8 it is the pst2o!nterprt of

Present Perfe2t

Pst Perfe2t m3express n event

that is anterior tothe subsequentmoment 5i6e6 pstpoint of referen2e7then8 n: tht :oesnot ne2essri;3

he :ire2t epst before pst?7 pst

2o!nterprt of thePst Simp;e

Pst Perfe2t m3:es2ribe set or

a sequence oevents thathappened beorea past point oreerence 5

>stor3 ithin stor3?8

DMar( understoodinstantl(8 someonehad stolen her purse=

Fresultati"e meaningIDShe knew that

Her father had died inthe war9two (earsbefore+ Dor so Mar(

thou$ht.

Mar( rememberedher da(s in prison.She had entered

prison as a (oun$ $irland had left it as a


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,A0 PAS6 PE3:E,6 GE,A0 PAS6 PE3:E,6 GE3EPLA,E7 G PAS6 S4MPLE3EPLA,E7 G PAS6 S4MPLE

• Mar(Mar( rememberedremembered how )im FhadI beha&ed to herhow )im FhadI beha&ed to herparents on 6hanks$i&in$. He FhadI insulted herparents on 6hanks$i&in$. He FhadI insulted hermother and FhadI an$ered her father. 4n his turn+ )immother and FhadI an$ered her father. 4n his turn+ )imknew he had been a horse%s ass.knew he had been a horse%s ass.

•

Mar( *!i amintea ce urt se purtase )im cu părin"ii eide 6hanks$i&in$. 1 insultase pe maică'sa !i *lsupărase pe taică'său. La rndul lui+ )im !tia căfusese m'gar.

• Mar(Mar( rememberedremembered how )im FhadI beha&ed to herhow )im FhadI beha&ed to her

parents on 6hanks$i&in$. He FhadI insulted herparents on 6hanks$i&in$. He FhadI insulted hermother and FhadI an$ered her father. 4n his turn+ )immother and FhadI an$ered her father. 4n his turn+ )imknew he was a horse%s ass.knew he was a horse%s ass.

• Mar( *!i amintea ce urt se purtase )im cu părin"ii ei

de 6hanks$i&in$. 1 insultase pe maică'sa !i *lsupărase pe taică'său. La rndul lui+ )im !tia că era


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Let%s $enerali#e=(ptionality) Past Perfect forms can be replaced by(ptionality) Past Perfect forms can be replaced by

Past *imple ones if the contet clearly indicatesPast *imple ones if the contet clearly indicatesthe order of the e"ents epressed by the "erbs.the order of the e"ents epressed by the "erbs.

%he shifted "erbs need to be dynamic otherwise%he shifted "erbs need to be dynamic otherwise

their interpretation might be ambiguous betweentheir interpretation might be ambiguous between

anteriority and simultaneity.anteriority and simultaneity.

$r3 tho!"ht bo!t ;st ni"ht?s eents n:$r3 tho!"ht bo!t ;st ni"ht?s eents n:

:e2i:e: she ;eft the prt3 too ;te6:e2i:e: she ;eft the prt3 too ;te6

$r3 tho!"ht bo!t ;st ni"ht?s eents n:$r3 tho!"ht bo!t ;st ni"ht?s eents n::e2i:e: she h: ;eft the prt3 too ;te6:e2i:e: she h: ;eft the prt3 too ;te6

$r3 re;i@e: she s si2=6$r3 re;i@e: she s si2=6

$r3 re;i@e: she h: been si2=6$r3 re;i@e: she h: been si2=6


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PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT

CONT&NUOUSCONT&NUOUS


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EA$PLESEA$PLES•

)im thou$ht that aliens had &isited his planet. )im thou$ht that aliens had &isited his planet.• )im era con&ins că eNtratere!trii ne &i#itaserăplaneta.

• D)im thou$ht that aliens had been &isitin$ hisD)im thou$ht that aliens had been &isitin$ hisplanet.planet.

• )im era con&ins că eNtratere!trii ne &i#itau constantplaneta.

• DSusan knew )im had drunk the $in in the cupboard.Susan knew )im had drunk the $in in the cupboard.• Susan !tia că )im băuse $inul din dulap.• DSusan knew )im had been drinkin$ $in from theDSusan knew )im had been drinkin$ $in from the

cupboard.cupboard.• Susan !tia că )in FtotI bea din $inul din dulap.


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Let%s $enerali#eLet%s $enerali#e

• %he #ontinuous +,progressi"e- aspectforces a mainly continuati"e readingupon the perfect sentence.

• He had written a no&el.• He had been writin$ a no&el. • She had read the arry Potter books.• She%d been readin$ the arry Potter

books.


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64PS :13 63A0SLA6410 64PS :13 63A0SLA6410• The Present or Pst Perfe2t re not trns;te: in

the sme mnner s the Present or Pst Perfe2t

Contin!o!sB • ,ompare the translation of the followin$ sentences and

remember that the ,ontinuous form is normall(translated into 3omanian b( a Pre#ent form For b( an

4mperfect form for the Past Perfect ,ontinuousI8• • He has sun$ the same son$. 9 He has been sin$in$ the

same son$ for an hour.• A cntat acela!i cntec. 9 ,ntă acela!i cntec de o oră.• • She reali#ed he had sun$ the same son$.9 She reali#ed

he had been sin$in$ the same son$ for an hour.• Și'a dat seama că el a cntat9cntase acela!i cntec.9 Și'

a dat seama că el cnta acela!i cntec de o oră.


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64PS :13 63A0SLA6410 64PS :13 63A0SLA6410• Pst Perfe2t $i $!;t 2 Perfe2t7 b!tD $i $!;t 2 Perfe2t

Pst Perfe2t • 6he 3omanian Mai Mult ca Perfect is a tense de&oid of much

ambi$uit(. 4t normall( eNpresses anteriorit( to a past point ofreference and it is therefore translatable b( means of a Past Perfectform8

• •

Mama *l certă pe 6om că nu trăsese apa la closet !i nici nu ridicasecolacul.• Mother scolded 6om because he hadn%Mother scolded 6om because he hadn%t Oushed the toilet or raisedt Oushed the toilet or raised

the toilet seat.the toilet seat.• • There is no one,to,one 2orrespon:en2e beteen Pst

Perfe2t n: $i $!;t 2 Perfe2t7 hoeer6 Consi:er thefo;;oin" senten2es n: their trns;tion8• • )im told Susan he had ne&er lo&ed another woman.• )im *i spuse lui Susan că nu mai iubise niciodată altă femeie. )im *i spuse lui Susan că nu mai iubise niciodată altă femeie.• )im i'a spus lui Susan că nu a mai iubit niciodată altă femeie. )im i'a spus lui Susan că nu a mai iubit niciodată altă femeie.


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64PS :13 63A0SLA6410 64PS :13 63A0SLA6410• Pst Perfe2t $i $!;t 2 Perfe2t7

b!tD $i $!;t 2 Perfe2t Pst Perfe2t

• )im reali#ed he had been starin$ blankl( for

hours.•

)im *!i dădu seama că se uita9se uită de ore *ntre$i *n $ol.• • He knew that b( the time she had arri&ed

he would ha&e left for the airport.• Știa că pnă să sosească ea9să C sosit ea9&a

C sosit ea+ el &a C plecat9o să plece laaeroport.


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:;6;346:;6;346

• &?;; p2= m( suitcase tomorrow.• &?m "oin" to p2= m( suitcase tomorrow.• &>m p2=in" m3 s!it2se tomorrow.• Please+ don%t for$et to $i&e me m( umbrella when & p2=

m3 s!it2se.• 4f (ou want to sa( $oodb(e+ come and see me in m( room.

&?;; be p2=in" m3 s!it2se6•

6ell me what (ou want. & m bo!t to p2= m3 s!it2se6• M( master has ordered me to lea&e. & m to p2= m3s!it2se after 4 ser&e his mornin$ tea.

• &?;; he p2=e: m3 s!it2se b( the time the trainenters the station.

• 4%ll come to sa( $oodb(e after & he p2=e: m3

s!it2se.• 4 told him & o!;: p2= m3 s!it2se the followin$ da(.• 4 told him & s "oin" to p2= m3 s!it2se the followin$

da(.


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EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3EEXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3E-.P3ESE06

6E0SES and PAS6

6E0SES

Present SimplePresent Simple

6he boat sailstomorrow atnoon.

PresentPresent

,ontinuous,ontinuousPaul is $i&in$a speech neNtweek.

Past SimplePast Simple 6he( told methe boat sailedtomorrow at

noon.

PastPast,ontinuous,ontinuous

6he( told methat Paul was

$i&in$ aspeech neNtweek.


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EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3EEXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3E. @4LL Q&erb

FRPresent:ormIand

@1;L7

Q &erb FRPast:ormI

@4LL Q inCniti&e@4LL Q inCniti&e@1;L7 Q inCniti&e@1;L7 Q inCniti&e

@4LLQha&e Q 'en@4LLQha&e Q 'en@1;L7Qha&eQ 'en@1;L7Qha&eQ 'en

@4LLQinCniti&e

T6HE :;6;3E S4MPLEUHe will talk to her on Monda(.a &orbi cu ea luni.

@4LLQha&e Q 'en

T6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6UHe will ha&e alread( talked toSue b( the time 6im $etsback.a C &orbit dea cu ea cnd 6im se &a *ntoarce.

@1;L7 Q inCniti&e@1;L7 Q inCniti&eTT 6HE :;6;3E 40 6HE PAS6U 6HE :;6;3E 40 6HE PAS6U

6he( told me he would talk toher on Monda(.Mi'a spus că &a &orbi cu ealuni.

@1;L7Qha&eQ 'en@1;L7Qha&eQ 'enTT 6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6 40 6HE 6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6 40 6HEPAS6UPAS6U

6he( told me that he wouldha&e alread( talked to her b(the time 6im $ot back.

Mi'au #is ca &a C &orbit deacu ea cnd 6im se &a *ntoarce.

@4LLQ beQ'in$@4LLQ beQ'in$@1;L7Qbe Q'in$@1;L7Qbe Q'in$

@4LLQha&eQbe'enQ'in$@4LLQha&eQbe'enQ'in$@1;L7Qha&eQbe'enQ'in$@1;L7Qha&eQbe'enQ'in$

@4LLQ beQ'in$@4LLQ beQ'in$T6HE :;6;3E ,10640;1;SU

6his time tomorrow+ 4%ll be

@4LLQha&eQbe'enQ'in$@4LLQha&eQbe'enQ'in$T6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6

,10640;1;SU


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EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3EEXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3EV. 6HE PH3ASE

GE 21402 61FPresent :ormAndPast :ormI

AM94S9A3E 21402 61

@AS9@E3E 21402 61AM94S9A3E 21402 61Sue is $oin$ to ha&e a bab(.Sue o să aibă un copil.@AS9@E3E 21402 61

6he( told him Sue was $oin$ to ha&e abab(.4'au spus că Sue o să aibă un copil.

W. 16HE3 PH3ASES8

GE 61+ GE G1;07 61FPresent :ormsandPast :ormsI

AM94S9A3E 61

@AS9@E3E 61

AM94S9A3E G1;07 61

@AS9@E3E G1;07 61

AM94S9A3E 61He is to $i&ea recitaltomorrow.

AM94S9A3E G1;07 61M( parents are bound toarri&e on :rida(.Părin"ii mei trebuie să


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016A GE0E=016A GE0E=

•THESE 'A#S OF EPRESS&N THEFUTURE (O NOT ALL HAVE THE

SA$E $EAN&N6 THERE ARE $ORES&N&F&CANT OR SL&HTER(&FFERENCES &N $EAN&N A$ONTHE VAR&OUS FOR$S A%OVE6

EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3E 40EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3E 40


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EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3E 40EXP3ESS402 6HE :;6;3E 40,E36A40 S;G13740A6E,E36A40 S;G13740A6E

,LA;SES,LA;SES• 4 will talk to him tomorrow.• oi &orbi cu el mine.•

• 4%ll tell (ou what%s $oin$ on+ after 4 talk to

his sister.• i &oi spune ce se *ntmplă+ după ce &oi

&orbi cu sora lui.• 4%ll tell (ou what%s $oin$ on if 4 talk to his

sister.


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Let%s $enerali#eLet%s $enerali#e•

%he use of /ILL,/(0L1 is forbidden in%he use of /ILL,/(0L1 is forbidden intemporal clauses that we calltemporal clauses that we call WHEN-WHEN-

clausesclauses and conditional clauses that weand conditional clauses that we

callcall IF-clausesIF-clauses..

• &ecause the future auiliary is forbidden&ecause the future auiliary is forbidden , ,all the WI!W"#$ orms will beall the WI!W"#$ orms will be

turned intoturned into equivalent orms withoutequivalent orms without

the mar% o the uturethe mar% o the uture so that all so that all

simple forms stay simple all perfect formssimple forms stay simple all perfect forms

stay perfect all that is continuous staysstay perfect all that is continuous stays

continuous all that is past stays past +seecontinuous all that is past stays past +see

the table abo"e-.the table abo"e-.

P t Si lP t Si l P tP t


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Present SimplePresent Simple &ersus&ersus PresentPresent,ontinuous,ontinuous

• M( train lea&es tomorrow at C&e.• 6renul meu pleacă mine la cinci.• • M( train is lea&in$ tomorrow.•

• TAre (ou 2omin" home tomorrowU• ii acasă mine• Tes+ m( plane "ets here at se&en.U• 7a+ a&ionul aun$e aici la Yapte.• • M( train lea&es tomorrow at C&e. F40 6HE :;6;3EI• M( train lea&es. F40,1MPLE6E SE06E0,EI

P t Si lP t Si l P tP t


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Present SimplePresent Simple &ersus&ersus PresentPresent,ontinuous,ontinuous

• He%s walkin$ his nei$hbour%s do$ tomorrow. F40 6HE :;6;3EI

• 1 să plimbe cinele &ecinului mine.• b. He%s walkin$ his nei$hbour%s do$. F342H6

01@I• i plimbă cinele &ecinului.


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Let%s $enerali#e=Let%s $enerali#e=

•

/hen one wants to epress aschedule or an arran&ement thatdepends upon e'terior actors +a

plane’s departure an itinerary- oneuses the (resent )imple *ense+ owe"er when one describes a personal arran&ement something that depends only uponthe plans o a person one usesthe (resent ontinuous tense.


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&ersus 6HE GE 21402 61:;6;3E

• a. Gill is takin$ his son on a Cshin$ trip tomorrow.He has arran$ed to do so.

• Gill *Yi ia Cul cu el la pescuit mine. A plănuit astadea.

•

b. Gill is $oin$ to take his son on a Cshin$ tripFtomorrowI. He intends to do so.• Gill o să'Yi ia Cul cu el la pescuit mine. Asta e

intenZia lui.•

• a. 6here are clouds in the sk(. 4t%s $oin$ to rain=• Sunt nori pe cer. 1 să plouă.• b. 6here are clouds in the sk(. 4t%s rainin$

tomorrow.


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GE 21402 61 and 6HE@4LL9SHALL :;6;3E

• a. He will9He%ll take his son on a Cshin$ trip.• 1 să'Yi ia Cul la pescuit.• b. 4 shall94 will9 4Bll take m( son on a Cshin$ trip.• 1 să'mi iau Cul la pescuit.

• • a. 4%ll sta( in m( room and write m( essa(.• b. 4%m $oin$ to sta( in m( room and write m( essa(.• 1 să stau *n camera mea să'mi scriu compunerea.•

• a. 6he [ueen will &isit 3omania neNt week.• b. 6he [ueen is $oin$ to &isit 3omania neNt week.• 3e$ina &a &i#ita 3omnia săptămna &iitoare.


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:117 :13 6H1;2H6:117 :13 6H1;2H6

• a. 4 think it is $oin$ to rain• ,red că o să plouă.• b. 4t will rain tomorrow in the South.• ,red că &a ploua mine *n sud.

• 6he phone is rin$in$. 4%ll answer it.• Sună telefonul. 1 să răspund.• b. 4%m $oin$ to answer that letter+ e&en if it%s

$oin$ to take an entire ni$ht to compose ananswer.• 1 să trimit un răspuns scrisorii aceleia+ chiar

dacă o să stau toată noaptea să'l scriu.

d


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GE 21402 61 and 6HE@4LL9SHALL :;6;3E

7i?erences816 Re"ister G Co;;o4!i;it3

6 Present+ers!s+F!t!reorienttion

I6 '&LL is more bo!n: to be

sso2ite: ith pre:i2tiontin"es of menin"8


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Let%s $enerali#e=Let%s $enerali#e=

• *he (resent ontinuous is used toe'press uture arran&ements. *he.e /oin& *o0 Future is used toe'press the ul1lment in the uture

o an intention in the present or o a present cause+ It is a more collo2uialform than the 3/ILL4future5. 3*he WI2uture0 is used to e'press

3spontaneous4 decisions, intentionsor predictions and can be used most ofthe times interchangeably with the 3&e6oing %o5 7uture.

,1 1 S6HE :;6;3E ,10640;1;S


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6HE :;6;3E ,10640;1;S 6HE :;6;3E ,10640;1;S16 sit!tion in pro"ress t prti2!;r moment in thef!t!re

•

•@hat will (ou be doin$ tomorrow at C&e•4 $uess 4%ll be dri&in$ to the airport to meet m( friends.•,e faci mine la cinci•,red că o să conduc la aeroport să mă *ntlnesc cu prietenii.6 sit!tion tht i;; hppen s prt of the norm;2o!rse of eents in person?s ;ifeD

• •4%ll be teachin$ a lecture tomorrow. F61M1331@ 4S M107A.

6H4S 4S @HA6 4 ;S;ALL 71 10 M107AS.I•1 să predau un curs mine.• •4%ll teach a lecture tomorrow. F6H4S 4S M 406E06410. 4 710%6;S;ALL 71 6HA6 10 M107ASI•1 să predau un curs mine.


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:117 :13 6H1;2H6:117 :13 6H1;2H6

• A butler askin$ his master8• @ill (ou be takin$ the )a$uar or the

3olls+ sir• • A mother scoldin$ her son8• 4f (ou keep drinkin$ like that+ (ou%ll

be drinkin$ (ourself to death oneof these da(s.•

6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,66HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6


35/35

6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6 6HE :;6;3E PE3:E,6• G( this time neNt week+ Gill( will ha&e

completed his ourne( to MeNico.• Săptamna &iitoare pe &remea asta+ Gill( *Yi &a C dus la capăt călătoria *n MeNic.

• • As 3o! he seen7 the F!t!reAs 3o! he seen7 the F!t!re

Perfe2t :epen:s on point in timePerfe2t :epen:s on point in time

in the f!t!re6 &t is often !se: ith in the f!t!re6 &t is often !se: ith

tempor; expression of the t3pe J%#tempor; expression of the t3pe J%#* point in timeK s!2h s Jb3 this* point in timeK s!2h s Jb3 this

time next ee=K7 Jb3 the time 3o!time next ee=K7 Jb3 the time 3o!

"et b2=K et26"et b2=K et26

Past Perfect Future

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