Passive Solar Heating Vastu Shastra Ver 1 0

Vastu Shasta Home Designas

Energy Efficient Home Design (EEHD)in 21st Centuary

INDEX1. INTRODUCTION TO SUN

2. WHY SUN IS IMPORTANT?

3. SUN-EARTH-MOON PLANE AND ECLIPSE

4. THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK

5. CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIA

6. TEN SOLAR PRINCIPLE

7. HOLISTIC APPROACH

8. DWELLING ORIENTATION

9. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #1


Sun - Star at the center of the Solar System

• Mean diameter 1.392×106 km - 109 × Earth• Volume 1.412×1018 km3 - 1,300,000 × Earth • Mass 1.9891×1030 kg - 333,000 × Earth• Average density 1.408×103 kg/m3

• Equatorial surface gravity 274.0 m/s2 - 27.94 g 28× Earth • Escape velocity(from the surface) 617.7 km/s :55×Earth• Sun constitutes 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System• Solar System about 225–250 million years to complete one orbit of

the galaxy (a galactic year or cosmic year)• Sun as a yellow dwarf – max radiation in yellow-green portion of the

spectrum. Sun color is white, from the surface of the Earth it may appear yellow because of atmospheric scattering of blue light

• The absolute magnitude of the Sun is +4.83

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

Why Sun is Important?• Sun has 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System• According to Vedic astrology, Sun is the most important among the

nine planets which influences the life of an individual• The "Matsya Purana" says "Aarogyam Bhashkaradichhet" (Sun is the

giver of good health)• If improve our relationship sun, our 99.86% issues will be resolved.• Sun in our life

Home – provide light and heat

Astrology – represents soul

Astronomy - constitutes 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System

Solar cycles effects war on earth. 27-day solar rotation, to the 22-year solar magnetic cycle. Although the sunspot number and the coronal activity have an eleven-year cycle, the full magnetic cycle is actually twenty-two years

SUN-EARTH-MOON PLANE AND ECLIPSE

The Moon's apparent path intersects the ecliptic obliquely at two points called the nodes. The point where the Moon crosses the ecliptic from south to north is called the Ascending Node or Rahu. Where it crosses the ecliptic from north to south is called the Descending Node or Ketu. Rahu and Ketu are instrumental in all eclipses and very important in Jyotish.

THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK

THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK• The earth is a sphere that rotates from west to east around its axis. The

axis of the earth is an imaginary line which connects the north pole and the south pole, passing through its center.

• The Celestial Sphere is an imaginary projection of the earthly coordinates of latitude and longitude into space. The Celestial Sphere has the same components as the terrestrial coordinates.

• The projection of the terrestrial equator into space is called the celestial equator. Similarly the projection of the meridians of longitude join the celestial north and south poles of the Celestial Sphere, and the projections of the small circles of north and south latitude parallel the celestial equator, just as they do on Earth.

• The declination or longitude of a planet or other object is the angle between its position and the celestial equator. A planet at the terrestrial equator is said to possess zero degree declination.

•The declination of a planet thus corresponds exactly with the terrestrial latitude where it would be exactly overhead. •The right ascension or latitude of a planet is the angle, measured eastwards along the celestial equator, from the vernal equinox to the point where the object’s meridian intersects the celestial equator. •The equator runs around the middle of the earth, dividing it into northern and southern hemispheres. The ecliptic, or Sun's path, does not lie exactly along the equator, but is inclined to it. Half of the Sun’s path thus lies to the north of the equator, and a half of it to the south of the equator. •The Sun crosses the equator twice a year, giving rise to two equinoxes. The vernal equinox happens around March 21st, when the Sun crosses the equator on its northerly course. The autumnal equinox occurs around September 23rd when the Sun is on its southerly course. On these two days, the Sun is vertically above the equator and the day and night are of equal duration all over the globe. The declination of the Sun at equinox is zero, as the terrestrial equator represents zero degrees latitude

•After vernal equinox, the Sun moves progressively to the north until it reaches a maximum declination of 23°28'. This occurs around June 21st and is known as the summer solstice. The northern hemisphere experiences the longest day and the shortest night of the year on this occasion, when the Sun is directly above the tropic of Cancer. The reverse holds true for the southern hemisphere.•After the autumnal equinox, the Sun pursues a southward course. It attains a maximum southern declination of 23°28' at the winter solstice around December 22nd when it is vertically above the tropic of Capricorn. The northern hemisphere experiences the shortest day and the longest night of the year on this occasion. The reverse holds true for the southern hemisphere. The obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator thus causes the seasons. When it is winter in the northern hemisphere, it is summer in the southern hemisphere. When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, it is winter in the southern hemisphere.

CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIA

CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIAClassification of climate in respect of building design means zoning the country into regions in such a way that the difference of climate from region to region are reflected in the building design, warranting some special provision for each region. Based on this criteria, there are five major climatic zones, (i) hot-dry; (ii) warm-humid; (iii) cold; (iv) temperate; and (v) composite. Climatic Zone Mean Monthly Mean Monthly

Maximum RelativeTemperature, oC Humidity, %

Hot-Dry above 30 below 55Warm-Humid above 30 above 55

above 25 above 75Temperate between 25-30 below 75Cold below 25 all valuesComposite ----- ----

CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIAA given station is categorized under a particular zone if its climate conforms to that zone for six or more months, otherwise it falls under the composite zone. A map of India depicting various climatic zones is shown in Figure 1. For example, in Jaipur, it is cold in January, Temperate during February, November, December, hot-dry during March to June and October and warm-humid in July to September Since, none of the climate persists for six months or more, the stations fall in composite climate zone.

Ten Solar Principle • Solar Principle #1- Orient the house property with respect to the

sun’s relationship to the site• Solar Principle #2 - Design on 12 month basis.• Solar Principle #3 – Provide effective thermal mass to store free

solar heat in the day time for night time use.• Solar Principle #4 – Insulate thoroughly and use well sealed vapor

barrier.• Solar Principle #5 – Utilize windows as solar collectors and cooling

devices.

• Solar Principle #6 – Do not overglaze.• Solar Principle #7- Ovoid over-sizing the backup heating system or

air conditioner.• Solar Principle #8 – Provide fresh air to the home without

compromising thermal integrity.• Solar Principle #9 – Use same material you would use for a

conventional home but in that ways that maximize energy efficiency and solar gain.

• Solar Principle #10- Remember that principles of solar design are compactable with diverse style of architecture and building techniques.

Ten Solar Principle

HOLISTIC APPROACH

DWELLING ORIENTATION

Internal Orientation

Most frequently used rooms facing south, least-used rooms facing north. Living room always facing south, bathrooms and utility rooms facing north.

INTERNAL ORIENTATION

Tall buildings – (Red) on the south side create unnecessary overshadowing of the outdoor space and of the south elevation of the surrounding buildings.

EXTERNAL BUILDING ORIENTATION

Placing shorter buildings – (yellow) on the south and taller buildings to the north prevents unnecessary Overshadowing and allows more passive solar gain to be achieved.

COMPONENTS OF SOLAR RADIATION

INCIDENT & INTENSITY OF SOLAR ENERGY

SEASONAL SOLAR ANGLES

WHAT IS FULL SUN HOUR?

SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR TILT

SUN EARTH GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIP

The modules have two angle of inclination; the first one, referred to the horizontal angle is called tilt, while other one, referred to geographical south is called azimuth. In order to maximize the collection of solar radiation, the plant of PV modules must be directed to south if situated in the northern hemisphere and to the north if situated in the southern hemisphere. This orientation allows the maximum exposure of the modules’s surface to the sun during the day. As for the tilt angle, the situation is different according to the typology of plant. As an initial data, the angle of tilt can be considered equal to the latitude of the site which must be optimized. In the case of a plant connected to the national electric network (grid-connected), the best inclination will be the one that maximizes the collection of energy during the year. In the case of isolated plants (stand alone), the best inclination will be the one that maximizes the collection of energy in the month with less sunlight.

Optimum Tilt Angle as a function of Site latitude

APPARENT DAILY PATH OF SUN

COMPOSITE SOLAR CHART LAT 10, 20, 30 N

APPARENT MOTION OF SUN

APPARENT PLANE OF MOTION OF SUN

SOLAR PRINCIPLE #1- ORIENT THE HOUSE PROPERTY WITH RESPECT TO THE SUN’S RELATIONSHIP TO THE SITE• Orient the house property with respect to the sun’s relationship to the

site.• Use a compass to find true south, and then by careful observation site

the house so that it can utilize the sun’s rays from the east, south, and west during as much of the heating season as possible.

• Take into account features of the land-scape, including tress and natural land forms, that can buffer the house against harsher weather or winds from the north in winter, and shade the house from too much sun in the summer.

SOLAR PRINCIPLE #2- DESIGN ON 12 MONTH BASIS

• A home must be comfortable in summer as well as winter. When designing a solar home, carefully plan to accommodate and benefit from the sun’s shifting patterns and other natural, seasonal cycles. Before finalizing a building plan, spend time at the site at different times of the day and year, and pay close attention to the sun, wind, and weather.

SHADOW DETERMINATION

Solar Principle #3 – Provide effective thermal mass to store free solar heat in the day time for night time use.Design the home’s thermal mass to effectively absorb the sun’s free energy as it enters the building in winter, thereby avoiding overheating. Achieve thermal balance by sizing the storage capacity of the thermal mass to provide for the heating needs of the building through the night. In summer, properly sized thermal mass will serve to cool the building by providing “thermal lag” – that is, Excess heat will be absorbed during the daylight hours; by the time the mass has heated up, the day is over and that stored heat can be discharged by opening windows and increasing circulation during the night.

Solar Principle #4 – Insulate thoroughly and use well sealed vapor barrier.Build tightly constructed, properly insulated walls and roofs. Contemporary standards for wall and roof insulation are very compatible with solar design.

Carefully install and seal discrete (or “positive”) vapor barriers on the living space side of walls, ceilings, and/or roofs to prevent moisture from migrating into the insulation along with heat, which tends to travel outward the cooler exterior. Incorporate an air-lock entrance for primary doors.

Solar Principle #5 – Utilize windows as solar collectors and cooling devices.This idea sounds obvious, but many people overlook the obvious and spend large amounts of money purchasing, fueling and maintaining furnaces and air conditioners to address needs that high-quality, operable windows also can address.

Vertical, south-facing glass is especially effective for collecting solar heat in the winter, and these windows will let in much less heat in summer, because the sun’s angle is more horizontal in winter and steeper in summer. This difference in seasonal angle can be exploited in very sunny locales by using awnings or overhangs that shade windows from the steep sun in summer, yet not from winter sun, which will penetrate further into rooms, supplying solar heat when it’s most needed. Provide insulated window and patio door covering to decrease nighttime heat loss in winter, to control solar gain in spring, summer, and fall. Operable windows can be used to release excess heat and to direct cooling breezes into the house.

Solar Principle #5 – Utilize windows as solar collectors and cooling devices.

Solar Principle #6 – Do not overglaze.

Incorporate enough windows to provide plenty of daylight and to permit access to cooling-breezes for cross-ventilation, but do not make the common mistake of assuming that solar design requires extraordinary allocations of wall space to glass.

An overglazed building will overheat. As emphasized in Principle #5, locate your windows primarily on the hoe’s south side, with fewer windows on the east and west facing side, and only enough windows on the dark north side to let in daylight and fresh air.

Solar Principle #7- Ovoid over-sizing the backup heating system or air conditioner.

Take into account the contribution of solar energy, breezes, and shade to the heating and cooling of the home. Do not oversize back-up oil, gas, or electric furnaces, as these units are inefficient, cycling on and off when not supplying heat at their full potential. Do not oversize air conditioners, as they are likewise expensive and wasteful when operated inefficiently.

Remember that a heating and cooling contractor will tend to approach the problem of sizing from a “worst-case” perspective, and may not have skills or experience to factor in the contribution of solar energy and other natural forces.

Size the conventional back-up systems to suit the small, day-to-day heating and cooling needs of the home. A well- insulated house, with appropriately sized and located thermal mass and windows, will need a back-up heating system much smaller than conventional wisdom might dictate.

Solar Principle #8 – Provide fresh air to the home without compromising thermal integrity.To maintain high-quality indoor air, a well-insulated and tightly constructed home needs a continual supply of fresh air, equivalent to replacing no less than two-thirds of the building’s total volume of air every hour. This air exchange should occur through intended openings (such as exterior-wall fans) in both the kitchen and bathroom, rather than through leakages around poorly sealed doors and windows.

You should also investigate whole-house ventilation systems.

Solar Principle #9 – Use same material you would use for a conventional home but in that ways that maximize energy efficiency and solar gain.With exactly the same conventional construction materials, it is possible to build either an energy-efficient, sunny, and easy-to-maintain solar house, or energy-gluttonous, dark, and costly-to-maintain house.

When designing a solar home, rearrange and reallocate materials to serve dual functions – adding solar benefits as well as addressing architectural or aesthetic goals. Placing a majority of the home’s windows on the south side is an example. The carefully designed and constructed solar home need not cost any more to build than a comparably sized nosolar conventional home.

Solar Principle #10- Remember that principles of solar design are compactable with diverse style of architecture and building techniques.Solar homes need not look weird, nor do they require complicated, expensive, and hard-to-maintain gadgetry to function well and be comfortable year-round.

In solar design, good planning and sensitivity to the surrounding environment are far more crucial than special technologies or equipment.

Over thousand of years, many traditional cultures have used the sun and other natural forces to facilitate year-round heating and cooling.

Ancient examples come readily to mind, including the pueblos of American Southwest and the rammed earth structures of North Africa and the Middle East. Build your home in the style you like, but use the solar principles for siting, glazing, thermal mass, and insulation to get the greatest possible benefit from free solar energy.

PASSIVE SOLAR CHECKLIST

Small is beautifulEast-West axisSouth facing glazingOverhangsNorth-side earth bermingThermal mass inside building envelopeHigh insulation levelsRadiant barriers in roofOpen airways to promote internal circulationTight construction to reduce air infiltration

Air-to-air heat exchangeBest high-tech windows availableReduced glazing on north and west axisDay lightingInvest in any energy-saving features possiblePay attention to the little detailsK.I.S.S. (keep it simple)

OFF THE BEAT

The earth is a sphere that rotates from west to east around its axis. The axis of the earth is an imaginary line which connects the north pole and the south pole, passing through its center. Another imaginary line running around the largest circumference of the earth, equidistant from its poles, in an east-west direction is the equator. The terrestrial equator is considered as the zero degree of latitude. Parallels drawn to the equator, either north or south of it, indicate the north or south latitudes, from zero degree at the equator to 90 degrees at either pole.

Imaginary lines can also be drawn on the surface of the earth connecting the north pole to the south pole. Encompassing the circumference of the earth, these correspond to the 360 degrees of longitude. They are also known as the terrestrial meridians. At present, the meridian passing through Greenwich in England is regarded as corresponding to zero degree of longitude.The longitudes are marked from zero to 180 degrees east or west of Greenwich. The coordinates of latitude and the longitude locate places accurately on the surface of the earth. The 360 degrees of terrestrial longitude represent a time span of 24 hours, or one complete rotation of the Earth. One hour thus corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude, or one degree of longitude represents 4 minutes of time.

LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE OF EARTH

SOLAR PATHFINDER

OUR SUN IN MILKY WAY

If Betelgeuse took the place of our

Sun its outer surface would

extend between the orbit of Mars

and Jupiter. Antares (Alpha

Scorpii) is also a red supergiant and

extremely large – about 700 times the diameter of

our Sun and one of the brightest stars

in the heavens.

If you can't read the small print,

from left it reads as follows: 'Jupiter is

invisible at this size'; the 'Sun (1

pixel)' has an arrow pointing to it; the three stars noted

below Antares are Sirius, Pollax &

Arcturus.

let’s compare our Sun to a few large stars in the heavens

Bibliography• Gaiam Real Goods solar living sourcebook

By John Schaeffer, Doug Pratt• Principles of solar engineering By D. Yogi

Goswami, Jan F. Kreider• Convert Your Home to Solar Energy By

Joseph R. Provey, Everett M. Barber• Instrumentation in earthquake seismology

By J. Havskov, Gerardo Alguacil• http://www.susdesign.com/tools.php

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