Passive smoking and canine lung cancer risk
1
Lung Cancer, 8 (1993) 321-352 0 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved 0169-5002/93/$06.00 ABSTRACTS 327 Prevention Passive smoking and canine lung cancer risk Reef JS. Dunn K, Ogilwe GK, Harris CK. Depr. ofEnvironmetrta1 Health, College of Vetekz~ Medicine Colorado. State University, Fort Collins, CO 80.523. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:234-9. A case-control study was conducted to determine whether household exposure to enwronmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased rrsk for lung cancer rn pet dogs. Lung cancer cases and controls with other forms of cancer were obtained from hvo vetennary teaching hosprtalsdurmg 1985-1987. Exposuresassessedincluded thenumberof smokers in the household, the amount smoked, and the proportion of tune spent Indoors by the pet. A weak relation was found for exposure toa smoker m the home(odds ratio = I .6,95% confidenceinterval 0.7. 3.7), after controlling for confounding in stratified analyses. Strong evtdence for a further increase m risk associated with more than ona smoker m the home was not found, nor was a significant trend observed her increasmg number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day or an exposure Index based on number of smokers in each household, packs smoked per day, and the proportron of time the dog spent wrthin the home. However, skull shape appeared to exert effect moditication; the rusk was restricted to breeds wth short and medium length noses (odds ratio = 2.4,95 % confidence mtervalO.7-7.8). Despite the mconclus~vr tindmgs of the current study, epidemiologic studies in pet animals may add to our understanding of environmental tobacco smoke cffccts in human population\. Chemoprevention strategies for lung and upper aerodigesFtive tract Gl;lnclX Banner SE, Lrppman SM. Waun KI Hong. Section of7bomcicMedical Onwlogy, University of Texas MDACC, Box 80. IS15 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, 7X 77030. Cancer Res 1992;52:Suppl. 2758~63s. The field cancerization hypothesis suggests that carcinogen exposure aff&zts the entire epithelial lining of the lungs and upper aerodigestive tract. The concept that common exposures place the entire epithelium at nsk for the development of Invasive cancer is supported hoth by the occurrence of premalignant lessons such as leukoplakia and squamous metaplasla. and hy the development of multiple primary tumors within the field. Chemoprevention trials in lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancer have mcluded studies to reverse premalignant lesions and to prevent sxond primary tumors. Promising results have been reported m both settings using the retinord 13.cis- retinoid acid. Several chnical trralb are III progress which attempt both to reduce cancer mcidence and to determine the mechamsms and biological markers of successfirl chemoprcventron. Type of tobacco and risk of lung cancer: A case-control study from UWWaY Dc Stefam E, Flerro L, Correa P, Carzoglio I, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Zavala D et al. Departamento de Epidemioiogia, 8 de Octubre 3265, Montevideo. Lung Cancer (The Netherlands) 1992;8:21-8. Dunng thz timepenod January 1988.December 1989, a case-control study involvmg 224 cases of lung cancer and 252 controls was carried out at the lnstituto de Oncologia, Montevideo, Uruguay, in order to analyze the patterns of risk of lung cancer, associated with smoking blond (flue-cured) and black (air-cured) cigarettes. Mixed smokers carried a significantly higher RR of 3.2, when compared with smokers of blond cigarettes. Lifetime smokers of black cigarettes displayed a non-significant 30% increased risk compared with blond cigarette smokers. Since the differences between mixed and pure black were not significant, and the confidence hounds between both categories were overlapping, the possibility of a chance finding arises. If mixed and lifelong (pure) black tobacco smoking is in fact not different, then ever use of black tobacco IS the relevant measure. Ever use of black tobacco was associated wtth a significant 2-fold increase in the relatwe risk for all cases and for squamous cell lung cancer. Given the high prevalence of ever use of black tobacco in Uruguay, the attributable fraction for black tobacco smoking in lung cancer could be as high as 29.3 percent. Epidemiology and etiology Man-made mineral fibers and lung cancer: A” hypothesis Pezerat H, Guignard J, Cherrre JW. Lab. Reactivite Surface/Structure. Utriversite P. et M. Curie 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Ceder OS. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:77-87. Eprdemlological data have revealed significant excesses of lung cancer among workers exposed to some types of man-made mmeral fibers (MMMF), but inhalation experiments performed on rats have failed to reveal the origm of these excesses. Some of these materials, however, are able, in aqueous media, to exhibit surface oxidizing properties after reduction of oxygen by a radical pathway. Tests have beencarriedout wth I2 MMMFsamplescollected from varioussources without prror knowledge of their origin, to determme therr oxrdidng surface activity in relation to their drvalent iron content. Some of these fibers were obtained from factones included in an epidemiological mvastigatron. Only fibers commg from plants where excesses of lung cancerwereobserved areclassifiedasactrve inanoxldativeprocessand, conszquantly, probably toxic m biologrcal media by an oxrdatwe stress mechamsm. We therefore propose. an hypothesis of a causal relattonshrp between these oxidizing properties and the abtlity of the mater& to induce lung cancer. Smoking and lung cancer in China: Combined analysis of eight case- control studies LIU Z. Department of Eprdentiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 10833 Lr Contv Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Int J Epidcmiol 1992;21:197-201. Smoking is well estabhshed as a prrnctpal risk factor for lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer IS about ten trmes higher in smokers rn Western countrw. InChina, anumberofepidermological studteshavamvestigated the associatton between lung cancer and smoking and in the present paper, a combined analysrs of eight such case-control studres is described The summary odds ratlo (OR), calculated by the Mantel- Haenszel method, and attributable rusk (AR) of lung cancer assocratd
Transcript of Passive smoking and canine lung cancer risk
Lung Cancer, 8 (1993) 321-352
0 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved 0169-5002/93/$06.00
ABSTRACTS
327
Prevention
Passive smoking and canine lung cancer risk
Reef JS. Dunn K, Ogilwe GK, Harris CK. Depr. ofEnvironmetrta1 Health, College of Vetekz~ Medicine Colorado. State University, Fort Collins, CO 80.523. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:234-9.
A case-control study was conducted to determine whether household exposure to enwronmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased rrsk for lung cancer rn pet dogs. Lung cancer cases and controls with other forms of cancer were obtained from hvo vetennary teaching hosprtalsdurmg 1985-1987. Exposuresassessedincluded thenumberof smokers in the household, the amount smoked, and the proportion of tune spent Indoors by the pet. A weak relation was found for exposure toa smoker m the home(odds ratio = I .6,95% confidenceinterval 0.7. 3.7), after controlling for confounding in stratified analyses. Strong evtdence for a further increase m risk associated with more than ona smoker m the home was not found, nor was a significant trend observed her increasmg number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day or an exposure Index based on number of smokers in each household, packs smoked per day, and the proportron of time the dog spent wrthin the home. However, skull shape appeared to exert effect moditication; the rusk was restricted to breeds wth short and medium length noses (odds ratio = 2.4,95 % confidence mtervalO.7-7.8). Despite the mconclus~vr tindmgs of the current study, epidemiologic studies in pet animals may add to our understanding of environmental tobacco smoke cffccts in human population\.
Chemoprevention strategies for lung and upper aerodigesFtive tract
Gl;lnclX
Banner SE, Lrppman SM. Waun KI Hong. Section of7bomcicMedical Onwlogy, University of Texas MDACC, Box 80. IS15 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, 7X 77030. Cancer Res 1992;52:Suppl. 2758~63s.
The field cancerization hypothesis suggests that carcinogen exposure aff&zts the entire epithelial lining of the lungs and upper aerodigestive tract. The concept that common exposures place the entire epithelium at nsk for the development of Invasive cancer is supported hoth by the occurrence of premalignant lessons such as leukoplakia and squamous metaplasla. and hy the development of multiple primary tumors within the field. Chemoprevention trials in lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancer have mcluded studies to reverse premalignant lesions and to prevent sxond primary tumors. Promising results have been reported m both settings using the retinord 13.cis- retinoid acid. Several chnical trralb are III progress which attempt both to reduce cancer mcidence and to determine the mechamsms and biological markers of successfirl chemoprcventron.
Type of tobacco and risk of lung cancer: A case-control study from
UWWaY Dc Stefam E, Flerro L, Correa P, Carzoglio I, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Zavala D et al. Departamento de Epidemioiogia, 8 de Octubre 3265, Montevideo. Lung Cancer (The Netherlands) 1992;8:21-8.
Dunng thz timepenod January 1988.December 1989, a case-control
study involvmg 224 cases of lung cancer and 252 controls was carried out at the lnstituto de Oncologia, Montevideo, Uruguay, in order to analyze the patterns of risk of lung cancer, associated with smoking blond (flue-cured) and black (air-cured) cigarettes. Mixed smokers carried a significantly higher RR of 3.2, when compared with smokers of blond cigarettes. Lifetime smokers of black cigarettes displayed a non-significant 30% increased risk compared with blond cigarette smokers. Since the differences between mixed and pure black were not significant, and the confidence hounds between both categories were overlapping, the possibility of a chance finding arises. If mixed and lifelong (pure) black tobacco smoking is in fact not different, then ever use of black tobacco IS the relevant measure. Ever use of black tobacco was associated wtth a significant 2-fold increase in the relatwe risk for all cases and for squamous cell lung cancer. Given the high prevalence of ever use of black tobacco in Uruguay, the attributable fraction for black tobacco smoking in lung cancer could be as high as 29.3 percent.
Epidemiology and etiology
Man-made mineral fibers and lung cancer: A” hypothesis
Pezerat H, Guignard J, Cherrre JW. Lab. Reactivite Surface/Structure. Utriversite P. et M. Curie 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Ceder OS. Toxicol Ind Health 1992;8:77-87.
Eprdemlological data have revealed significant excesses of lung cancer among workers exposed to some types of man-made mmeral fibers (MMMF), but inhalation experiments performed on rats have failed to reveal the origm of these excesses. Some of these materials, however, are able, in aqueous media, to exhibit surface oxidizing properties after reduction of oxygen by a radical pathway. Tests have beencarriedout wth I2 MMMFsamplescollected from varioussources without prror knowledge of their origin, to determme therr oxrdidng surface activity in relation to their drvalent iron content. Some of these fibers were obtained from factones included in an epidemiological mvastigatron. Only fibers commg from plants where excesses of lung cancerwereobserved areclassifiedasactrve inanoxldativeprocessand, conszquantly, probably toxic m biologrcal media by an oxrdatwe stress mechamsm. We therefore propose. an hypothesis of a causal relattonshrp between these oxidizing properties and the abtlity of the mater& to induce lung cancer.
Smoking and lung cancer in China: Combined analysis of eight case-
control studies
LIU Z. Department of Eprdentiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 10833 Lr Contv Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Int J Epidcmiol 1992;21:197-201.
Smoking is well estabhshed as a prrnctpal risk factor for lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer IS about ten trmes higher in smokers rn Western countrw. InChina, anumberofepidermological studteshavamvestigated the associatton between lung cancer and smoking and in the present paper, a combined analysrs of eight such case-control studres is described The summary odds ratlo (OR), calculated by the Mantel- Haenszel method, and attributable rusk (AR) of lung cancer assocratd
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