PASADO: Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment Archive Drilling project.

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PASADO: Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment Archive Drilling project

Transcript of PASADO: Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment Archive Drilling project.

Page 1: PASADO: Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment Archive Drilling project.

PASADO:Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment ArchiveDrilling project

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Laguna Potrok Aike (southern Patagonia, Argentina)

the site of the ICDP lake drilling project

Bernd Zolitschka, Flavio Anselmetti, Daniel Ariztegui, Hugo Corbella, Pierre Francus, Andreas Lücke, Nora Maidana,

Christian Ohlendorf, Frank Schäbitz, Stefan Wastegard

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Southern Hemisphere

LGM

PTA

Laguna Potrok Aike (PTA) is climatically influenced by:• El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)• Antarctic Oscillation (Polar Easterlies)• Southern Hemispheric Westerlies

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Lago Argentino

Lago Cardiel

SouthernPatagonia

Lago Viedma

Crater lakes of the

Pali AikeVolcanic Field

SouthernPatagonia

South America

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Volcanological map of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field

Zolitschka et al., 2006(Scientific Drilling)

Laguna Potrok Aike

Age of the backarc volcanism:

Pliocene to Holocene(3.8-0.01 Ma)

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Lag

un

a P

otr

ok

Aik

e

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LANDSAT 7, BANDAS 5,4,1 DEL 04/10/99

Lan

dsa

t im

ages

fro

m E

. M

azzo

ni e

t al

.

Precipitation: 153.1 mm

LANDSAT 7, BANDAS 5,4,1 DEL 26/09/02

Precipitation: 325,6 mm

Hydrological variability

INTA meteo station

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Lake level changes

21 m

8.8 m

0 m = PDLL

-35 m

Glacial? overflow:21 m above PDLLLittle Ice Age:8.8 m above PDLL

PDLL: present day lake level

8.7 – 7.3 cal. BP:35 m below PDLL

Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

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Laguna Potrok Aike is hydrologically sensitive Seismic (3.5 kHz) and sedimentological evidence of a lake level low stand, i.e. a hydrological

extreme event, at the submerged -35 m lake level terrace

7300 cal. BP

44,800 BP

Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

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Highest lake level terrace; geomorphological evidence of an outflow;sedimentological evidence of a non-end-lake situation

21 m higherPre-Holocene

Dated submerged lake level terrace

36,8 m lower~7300 cal. BP

Dated lake level terrace9,0 m higherLittle Ice Age(19th century)

Measurements3,5 m lowerAD 2002

MeasurementsReference levelAD 2006

EvidencesLake level changesYear

Observed hydrological variations

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Laguna Potrok Aike

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Our vision

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http://www.icdp-online.de

Recovering sediments of up to several hundred meters was scheduled for September to November 2008

GLAD800 Deep drilling

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Time frame of PASADO in perspective

0 200 400 600 800Age (ka BP)

EPICA community members, 2004

PTADome C

Marine record

Vostok

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Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment ArchiveDrilling project (PASADO)

is funded by:

is co-funded by:

International funding

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Felder & Harms 2004

Schematic structure of the Tertiary Messel Maar (Germany) with:

• lacustrine sediments

• volcano-clastic sediments

• diatreme breccia

• basaltic vent

Development of a maar

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Comparison of Messel with Laguna Potrok Aike

Pirrung et al., 2003Schulze et al., 2005

Gebhardt et al., subm.

N-S seismic reflection profile

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Focus B:1. Earth history2. Global environment 3. Climate change

PASADO has two priorities

Focus A:1. Lithosphere dynamics2. Volcanic systems

Investigation of the Cenozoic back arc volcanism, phreatomagmatic formation and analysis of early sedimentation in a young maar diatreme and its volcanic history.

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Climate reconstruction spanning several glacial cycles (the last 770 ka) based on

1. Monitoring approach to understand and quantify links between climatic and environmental forcing on the sedimentary record.

2. Multi-proxy approach combining different proxy parameters for quantitative climate reconstruction.

3. Modelling approach applying model-proxy intercomparisons to understand and quantify climatic processes and the links between climate variability and climatic forcing.

4. Inter-archive approach to link this lacustrine record with South Atlantic marine sediment records and with Antarctic ice cores.

Focus B

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~600 m

The potential of Laguna Potrok Aikeprior to drilling

19 m 1 m

last 16,000 years

last glacial cycles+

diatreme breccia

GLAD-800

diatreme- bedrock

transition

last millennium

Diatreme flank

~400 m

Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

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New techniques need to be applied and international scientific cooperation as well as funding is necessary to recover more than the intended 450 m of lacustrine sediments from 100 m deep Laguna Potrok Aike.

This calls into action:

Drilling, Observation and

Sampling of the Earth’s

Continental Crust

International Continental Scientific Drilling

Program

&

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The active PIs of PASADOPASADO workshop 2006

• Bernd Zolitschka1, GER• Flavio Anselmetti, CH• Daniel Ariztegui2, CH• Hugo Corbella4, ARG• Pierre Francus, CAN

Missing on this group photo are:

FlavioAnselmetti

and

Pierre Francus

• Andreas Lücke6, GER• Nora Maidana7, ARG• Christian Ohlendorf8, GER• Frank Schäbitz9, GER• Stefan Wastegard10, SWE

1

2

4

6

7

8

9

10

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PASADO project design

Completed in 2008

To come in 2010 and later

Started in June 2009

Ongoing, completed in 2009

Ongoing

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Reality:Report about the field work

in 2008 and first data

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Mobilisation: Only after two weeks of delay trucks were able to drive to

Laguna Potrok Aike…

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… and finally were unloaded near the lake!

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In the meantime the camp* was set up

*Potrok City

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The „Launcher“ almost ready to go!

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Trucks, winches, crane, forklift:most welcome help during the process of launching

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With a delay of one month the platform was operational

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Drilling was carried out at

these sites

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Almost exclusively the Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) was used…

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… to recover 533 m of sedimentswith a mean recovery rate of 94.3 %.

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MSCL at work in the field laboratory

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Sedimentology section of the field laboratory

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Pore water sampling in the field laboratory

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Distress at lake

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Drilling summary

• Drilling time applied for: 60 days

• Potential drilling time on the lake: 34 days

• Total hole depth applied for: 1850 m

• Realised total hole depth: 533 m

• Drilling time applied for: 60 days

• Total hole depth applied for: 1850

• Drilling time applied for: 60 days

• Potential drilling time on the lake: 34 days– Actual drilling days: 12

– Weather-related downtime: 16 days

– Downtime for technical reasons: 6 days

• Total hole depth applied for: 1850 m

• Realised total hole depth: 533 m

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100 m

What we have achieved after field work was over…

19 m 1 m

last 16,000 years

last ≈100,000 years

GLAD-800

last millennium

Diatreme flank

Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

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Ultimate goals of Ultimate goals of PASADOPASADO: well dated multi-proxy quantitative climate

reconstructions in combination with a climate-model intercomparison

• Several „absolute“ dating methods (AMS 14C, Ar/Ar, OSL) will be applied in combination with stratigraphic „dating“ methods (tephra, pollen, paleomagnetic intensity) multiple dating approach

• Quantitative climate reconstructions:– First results are available for pollen transfer functions– Establishment of training sets is ongoing for chironomid and diatom

transfer functions– Tests have been successfully carried out for biomarker (TEX86)

• Proxy-model intercomparisons evaluated proxy-based hypotheses with GCM climate simulations applying regional climate modelling

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Scientific goals

• Microbial activity (deep biosphere)• Provenance of organic and minerogenic sediments• Volcanic activity• Dust storm frequency• Occurrences of natural fires• Variations of the Earth‘s magnetic field• Evolution of the lacustrine ecosystem• Water balance • Quantitative and qualitative climate parameters• Temporal and regional variability of Southern Hemispheric

Westerlies

Core opening started in March 2009 and will continue throuhghout the year. Based on a precise chronology we will obtain data and reconstructions about:

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Information about PASADO is available in the world wide web

• PASADO project homepage:http://www.pasado.uni-bremen.de

• ICDP homepage: http://www.icdp-online.org or

http://www.icdp-online.org/contenido/icdp/front_content.php?idcat=722

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Coring conditionsVielen Dank!

Merci beaucoup!Muchísimas gracias!

Thank you for your attention!

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Merci beaucoup!Muchísimas gracias!

Thank you for your attention!

Vielen Dank!