Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Chapter 2 Personality Ability Learning.
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Transcript of Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed Chapter 2 Personality Ability Learning.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Chapter 2
Personality
Ability Learning
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality = Personality is defined as the
sum total of ways that an individual reacts and interacts with others.
Its an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Set of traits and characteristics that form a pattern distinguishing one person from all the others
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality
We are often told to “be yourself.”
When in a leadership role, “Be yourself” may be the worst advice you can give some people.
T. Masson
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality
Where does one’s personality come from? Heredity – Some set the parameters at
birth. Some say as much as 40-50 percent.
Environment – Culture conditions, norms, church, family, friends, social groups.
Attitude - is a portion of personality and is Situational
Different situations will influence behavior.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Core
Early Childhood Environment
LifeEnvironments
Personality Formation (onion)
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality Type A personality:
seem to always be moving. * usually walk and eat rapidly. are always trying to do several things at
once. have problems relaxing, often feeling it
is time wasted. are often obsessed with numbers and
with trying to acquire things.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Personality Type B people:
never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience.
feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation.
plan for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost.
can relax without guilt.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Other Personality Descriptors * Self-Monitoring
Internal and external locus of control. * Internal Locus - the perception that one controls
one’s own fate (Cope effectively with stress) External Locus - the perception that chance or
outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate
Self-Esteem Use of Myers-Briggs or Jungian 16-
Type Indicators
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Myers-Briggs (Jung Type Indicators)
ExtraversionSociable, chooses people as a
source of energy, need for sociability
IntroversionPrefers solitude to recover
energy, territorial, “alone” when surrounded by people
IntuitionInnovative, visionary, lines
metaphors, daydreams
SensationPractical, wants facts,
remembers facts, down to earth, remain in reality
ThinkingImpersonal basis of choice,
objective and logical
Feeling* Personal basis of choice, emotion-laden decisions
Sympathetic, appreciative
JudgingClosure, establish deadlines
PerceivingOpen and Fluid, ignores deadlines
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Types of Ability
** What is “Ability?” An individual’s capacity to perform the
various tasks in a job. Ability is divided into intellectual and
physical ability.
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Intellectual Abilities
Intellectual Abilities – Those abilities required to do mental activities such as verbal comprehension, inductive and deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, memory and number aptitude.
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Physical Abilities
Physical Abilities – Those abilities required to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
The Ability-Job Fit – An employee’s performance is enhanced when there is a high ability-job fit.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning
* Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Learning involves changing behaviors. How do we as leaders bring about change?
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Three Theories of Learning
Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Classical conditioning – An
individual responds to some stimulus that would not usually produce such a response. http://www.spike.com/video/office-jim-trains/2820493
** Operant conditioning – A type of conditioning in which a desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents punishment.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Social Learning
Social learning is learning through experience, i.e., peer pressure. Much of the behavior in the
classroom is a result of social learning, i.e., a student raises his hand to be recognized.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Four Learning Styles
Bodily – Kinesthetic Visual – Spatial Verbal – Linguistic Logical – Mathematical
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles
Bodily – Kinesthetic Study in a group. Think in practical uses. Pace and recite while learning. Act out material. Use flash cards. Teach the material.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles
Visual – Spatial Add diagrams to notes. Organize notes in outline form. Connect related facts in notes. Color-code notes using different
colored highlighters.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles
Verbal – Linguistic Talk about what you learn. Read the textbook and highlight no
more than 10 percent. Rewrite your notes. Outline chapters. Recite information.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Learning Styles Logical – Mathematical
Study in a quiet setting. When reading, stop periodically to
reflect on what you have read. Study applications, causes and effects
of material. Write short summaries of material.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Application
Every person is unique. (DNA and Mind) Understand your own personality and
use the information to adjust your own behavior for improved results.
Instead of making value judgments about other people’s personalities, accept these differences and use this information to understand and predict behavior.
Parts taken from Human Behavior 2ed
Summary
By gaining a better understanding of different personalities, abilities, and learning styles, we can better understand and predict the behavior of others as well as ourselves.