PARTS OF A CELL

Diagrams in your book are on page 175!

WORDS TO KNOW BEFORE GETTING STARTED

cytology: study of cells organelle (“little organ”): membrane-

bound cell structure that performs 1 or more functionsexamples: mitochondrion, chloroplast, nucleus,

Golgi complex, lysosome, etc.

NUCLEUS(Plural: Nuclei)

Function: control center of cell (contains DNA)

Found in both plant and animal cells

NUCLEUS(Plural: Nuclei)

Trivia!

DNA ALWAYS stays in the cell nucleus. True or false?

NUCLEOLUS(Plural: Nucleoli)

Function: structure inside nucleus that produces ribosomes

Found in both plant and animal cells

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE

Function: surrounds nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm; has nuclear pores (holes)

Found in both plant and animal cells

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE

CELL MEMBRANE

Function: boundary between inside and outside of cell; controls movement of materials in and out of cell

Found in both plant and animal cells

CELL MEMBRANE

CELL WALL

Function: surrounds cell membrane; protects and supports the plant; contains cellulose

Found in plant cells

CELL WALL

CYTOPLASM

Function: jelly-like material that fills the cell; holds organelles in place

Found in both plant and animal cells

CYTOPLASM

RIBOSOME

Function: where proteins are made; some are attached to endoplasmic reticulum, some are free in cytoplasm

Found in both plant and animal cells

RIBOSOME

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Function: transports materials ; has ribosomes attached

Found in both plant and animal cells

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Function: also transports materials but makes lipids, too; no ribosomes attached; also contains enzymes that perform many tasks, like detoxication of drugs.

Found in both plant and animal cells

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Trivia!

Which organ in the human body often contains large amounts of smooth ER?

GOLGI COMPLEX/BODY/APPARATUS

Function: packages and ships products made by the cell

Puts the “finishing touches” on the proteins that are made

Found in both plant and animal cells

GOLGI COMPLEX/BODY/APPARATUS

Trivia!

The scientist who discovered the Golgi Body/complex/apparatus was from what country?

LYSOSOME

Function: contains enzymes that digest/recycle cell waste and old organelles that don’t function anymore

Enzymes also break down organic molecules.

Found in animal cells

LYSOSOME

Trivia!

Lysosomes are dysfunctional in this genetic disorder that affects primarily Eastern European Jewish populations.

VACUOLE

Function: A space where food,

water , salts, proteins and carbohydrates are stored

Found in both plant and animal cells, but is much larger in plant cells

VACUOLE

CHLOROPLAST

Function: converts light energy into chemical energy [photosynthesis];

Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water

glucose + oxygen

Found in plant cells

CHLOROPLAST

Trivia!

What is the name of the green pigment found in chloroplasts?

MITOCHONDRION(Plural: Mitochondria)

Function: place where food molecules are broken down to release energy that can be used by the cell [cellular respiration]

Glucose + oxygen

carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Found in both plant and animal cells

MITOCHONDRION(Plural: Mitochondria)

Trivia!

In humans, all or nearly all of our mitochondria come from the cytoplasm of the ___.

CYTOSKELETON

Function: provides support for the cell; helps in movement and maintains the cell’s shape. Two types are: microtubules – hollow

tubes; maintains cell shape; helps in cell division

microfilaments – fibers that are not hollow; is a framework that supports cell

Found in both plant and animal cells

CYTOSKELETON

Trivia!

What 2 organelles mentioned today contain their own DNA?