States of matter and the kinetic molecular theory

Matter

is anything that has mass and takes up space. (Like you!)

3 phases:

Most of the matter in our world can be found in

Solid

Gas

Liquid

Solids are in a fixed form that can only change by denting, breaking or bending it.

Solids are hard.

High density.

Can not be compressed.

Can not flow, except when it is in small pieces.

Has a fixed volume.

Propertiesof solids

Liquids have no fixed form it takes the shape of the container.

Not hard.

High density.

Cannot be visibly compressed.

Can flow.

Has a fixed volume.

Propertiesof liquids

Gases have no fixed form it takes the shape of the container.

Not hard.

Low density.

Can easily be compressed.

Can flow.

Does not have a fixed volume.

Propertiesof gases

Matter consists of particles.This is proven when you look at DIFFUSION.

DiffusionThe movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.Diffusion is the result of constant motion of particles.

Brownian motionParticles make strange jerky, zig-zag motions; as if they vibrate by themselves. However, it is caused by the collisions betweenparticles.

The physical condition of a substance depends on the temperature, which is measured with a thermometer in degrees Celsius.

There are two fixed points on a thermometer: The freezing point of water (0 C) and the boiling point of water (100C).

Freezing point

Temperature at which liquid is turned to solid.Melting point

Temperatureat which solid is turned to liquid.Boiling point

Temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas.

Determiningthe physical Condition of a substanceIf room temperature is less than the melting point, it is a solid.

If the melting point is less than room temperature, which is in turn less than the boiling point, it is a liquid.

If room temperature is more than the boiling point, it is a gas.

State Changes

Solid LiquidMeltingHeating

Solid GasSublimation

Liquid GasEvaporation

Liquid SolidSolidificationCooling

Gas LiquidCondensation

Gas SolidSublimation

Melting

SolidOn heating, heat energy is absorbed.

Eheat is converted into Ekinetic particles move more violently.

Melting point:Particles vibrate strong enough to overcome intermolecular forces.

For a solid to melt, Ekinetic of particles must be enough to overcome intermolecular forces.

LiquidParticles are not in a fixed position, but slide over each other.

solidification

LiquidSolidWhen a liquid cools, energy of particles are given off, particles lose Ekinetic, and move slower.

Intermolecular forces at the point of solidification increase. The particles do not have enough energy to move around freely.

Particles can only vibrate around a fixed position, forming a solid.

BoilingEvaporation

Only occurs at boiling pointOccurs at a lower temperature than boiling point

Occurs throughout the liquidOnly occurs on the surface

Happens quicklyHappens slowly

Temperature remains constant during boilingCauses cooling because heat is absorbed out of the environment

Heating curve

Temperature

TimeSolid

Melting point

Melting

Liquid

Boiling point

Boiling

Gas

Slide 2: Solid iheartsportsgifs.tumblr.comLiquid aspworldtour.tumblr.comGas rebloggy.com

All other diagrams drawn by author.

Slide 7:duckingsciencebombs.wordpress.com

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