Particle Model

Made by : Firman Otto Grade 7 Student

Central School Jakarta Barat , Indonesia

According to the Particle Theory There are 3 type of particle :

• Solid• Liquid• Gas

Solid Particle

• In Solid the particle are arrange so tightly and they are vibrating. There are only small gaps between them. This make the particle are not able to flowing. But if the particle heated the particle are vibrate more vigorously and create more space. If this are continuously do the particle will change state to liquid particle.

Solid Particle Arrangement

You can see that solid particle only vibrate to and fro an the solid particle arrangement are arrange as beside and all solid material particle is arrange like this.

Liquid Particle

• Liquid particle are arranged not to tight like in solid this make them allow to slide around each other. If the particle are heated the particle are going to make a bigger gaps and change state to gas.

Liquid particle arrangement

Liquid particle are arrange like beside and the liquid particle have more space than in solid.

Gas Particle

• Gas Particle are arranged with very big space compare to liquid , so they can move very fast , freely and on random direction .

Gas Particle arrangementGas particle are arrange as beside . They have a large space between each other.

How materials change with temperature?

Lets divide it into 3 states1. Changes in solids2. Changes in Liquid3. Changes in gas

Changes In Solid

• If you heat the solid substance , the particle will vibrate more vigorously this causing more space between them this will make the substance expand. If you cool down the substance the particle of the substance will lose energy and the substance will become to contract.

Let’s Prove it !If you have a metal bar heat it and you will see that the metal bar expand. By measuring the original to the length after been heated. But if you cooled it the metal bar will be shorter again.

Changes in Liquid

• In liquid you will see that the water can expand too. If you heat them the particles will vibrate more vigorously and increase in volume/expand but if you cooled down the particle will back to the original volume.

Let’s Prove It

• First you need a bottle , fill the bottle with water around half. Mark the water spot. Next heated it and you will see that the water will be raise and pass the mark that you have made ! If cooled it down it will come back to original volume.

Water strange property

• Water have strange property that it will expands again if the temperature is below 4 degree Celsius until it reaches 0 degree Celsius

• Water below 4 degree Celsius is less dense than water at 4 degree Celsius.

• This make the ice will float on the water because have less density.

Fun Facts !

• Why fish is still alive in a freezing pond even it was the coldest winter ?

• Because the part of the pond that freezing is only the top because the top part is the coldest part and the fish can live in the water below the ice that have higher dense and higher temperature.

Changes in gas

• Of course that gas will expand too even the expansion of the gas is ten times liquid! Let’s pick an example from hot air balloons . The gas will expand and fill the balloon and that’s the why balloons can fly.

Thank you for your attention.