Group 2Heni S. Nuraeni * Tri

Wahyuni

Ahmad Husen * Novi Nur A.

Kartika * Inas Najiah

Rismawati

CLASS 6/L Translation Indonesia - English

Part of Speech

What is Part of Speech ?

Part of Speech is the common name for a word class - a

category into which words are placed according to the work they

do in a sentence.

Part of

Speech

Pronoun

Adjective

Noun

Conjunction

Adverb

Verb

Interjection

Preposition

Pronoun

Pronouns are small words that take the place of a noun. If we didn't have pronouns, we would have to repeat a lot of nouns. We would have to say things like:

Do you like the president? I don't like the president. The president is too pompous.

With pronouns, we can say:

Do you like the president? I don't like him. He is too pompous.

 

Kind of Pronoun

Example :

1. You are the strangest child I have ever met. (Subject Pronoun)

2. Uni and Susan will meet us in the canteen. (Object Pronoun)

3. That umbrella is mine. (Possessive Pronoun)

4. I love myself. (Reflexive Pronoun)

5. May I borrow your Laptop ? (Possessive Adjective)

Interrogative pronouns :  who, whose, whom, which, what

Relative pronouns :  who, whose, which, that; whoever, whomever, whichever

Demonstrative pronouns :  this, that, these, those

Indefinite pronouns :  all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, many, neither, nobody, no one, none, one, others, some, somebody, someone, such

Adverb

An adverb is a word that modifies or qualifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, or other adverb.

We make many adverbs by adding -ly to an adjective, for example:

quick (adjective) > quickly (adverb) careful (adjective) > carefully (adverb) beautiful (adjective)

> beautifully (adverb)

Types of adverb

Adverb of Time : after, later, recently, during, soon Adverb of Place : abroad, anywhere, here, at home

Adverb of Manner : carefully, correctly, fast, loudly

Adverb of Frequency : always, never, often, rarely

Positions of an Adverb

When an adverb modifies a verb, there are usually 3 possible positions within the sentence or clause:

1.  FRONT - before subjecte.g : now, I will read a book

2. MID - between subject + verbe.g : I often read books

3. END - after verb/objecte.g : I read book loudly

When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it usually goes in front of the word that it modifies, for example:

1. It was terribly funny* terribly = adverb ; funny = adjective

2. He works really fast* really = adverb ; fast = adverb

Adjective

Adjective is the part of speech that modifies a noun or pronoun.

Position of Adjective: Before noun : I love a beautiful girl After noun : I love a girl beautiful Subject Complement : You are beautiful Object Complement : You make me happy Verb-Adjective : Please, keep silent!

Degree Of Comparison

Positive Degree

example: Tiara is as beautiful as Mitha

Comparative Degree

example: Soeharto was longer on the power than Soekarno was

as + Adj + as

more + Adj + than or Adj-er + than

Superlative Degree

example: Prima is the smartest student in his class

the most + Adj or the + ADJ-est

Verb

Verbs are sometimes described as "action words“. Many verbs give the idea of action, of "doing" something. For example, words like run, fight, do and work all convey action.

But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, state of "being". For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state. Example :

action (Ram plays football.)state (Anthony seems kind.)

Verb Category

1. HELPING VERBS (Auxiliary Verbs)

* Primary Helping Verbs :  used mainly to change the tense or voice of the main verb, and in making questions and negatives.

be = to make continuous tenses, and the passive voicedo = to make simple tenses, and questions and negativeshave = to make perfect tenses

e.g : I have finished my homework.He speaks faster than she does.

*Modal Helping Verbs : can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to. e.g : John may arrive late

2. MAIN VERBS (Lexical Verbs)

* Transitive and Intransitive Verbs A transitive verb takes a direct object: Somebody killed the President. An intransitive verb does not have a direct object: He died He has arrived

* Linking VerbsA linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Linking verbs are always intransitive (but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs). e.g :Tara is beautiful. That sounds interesting.

Regular and Irregular verbs

Regular and Irregular verbs have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms.

For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed.

look, looked, looked

work, worked, worked

For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.

buy, bought, bought

cut, cut, cut

do, did, done

Noun

The simple definition, Noun is : a person, place or thing.

some examples: Person : man, woman, teacher, John,

Mary Place : home, office, town, countryside,

America Thing : table, car, banana, money, dog,

monkey

Position in Sentence

Nouns often come after a determiner example : the doctor, this word, my house

Nouns often come after one or more adjectivesExample : a great relief, a peaceful afternoon, my brown and white house

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are things that we can count. It can be singular or plural:

My dog is playing. (singular)My dogs are hungry. (plural)

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

I want an orange. Where is my bottle?

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:I like oranges.Bottles can break.

We can use some, any, a few and many with countable nounsI need some bottles

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc. that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them.

For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself.

Here are some more uncountable nouns:music, art, love, happinessadvice, information, newsfurniture, luggagerice, sugar, butter, waterelectricity, gas, powermoney, currency

Proper Nouns (Names)

A proper noun is the special word (or name) that we use for a person, place or organization, like John, Marie, London, France or Sony.

Prepositions

A preposition is a word governing, and usually coming in front of, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element.

There are many prepositions, including : about, above, across, as, at, before, behind, below, in, inside, into, like, near, next, etc.

Preposition Rule

A preposition is followed by a "noun". It is never followed by a verb. But, If we want to follow a preposition by a verb, we must use the "-ing" form.

Example :The food is on the tableShe lives in JapanI ate before coming

Conjunction

A conjunction connects words, phrases, and clauses.

There are 3 kinds of Conjuctions :1. Coordinate conjunctions : FANBOYS (for,

and, nor, but, or, yet, so)2. Correlative conjunctions : both-and,

either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also. 3. Subordinate conjunctions : although,

because, since, unless, where, while, etc.

Interjection

An interjection is a word that expresses feeling or emotion; usually it is followed by an exclamation mark.

Examples:  Oh!  Ah!  Wow!  Darn!  Gosh! Ow!  Ouch! Yippee!  Hooray!  Boo!   Whew!    

Some example..

THANK YOU……