Part 1: Structure of China Geography

MapMap

Remote sensing imageRemote sensing image

Chapter 1. China Geography Location and Territory Chapter 1. China Geography Location and Territory

Chapter 2. Structure of China GeographyChapter 2. Structure of China Geography

• 1.China Geography Location and Significance

• 2.China Territory and Geographical Visage

• Thematic I ：• Homework ： Location Contrast between China

and America

（ Collection of Map Information ）

• Chapter 1. China Geography Location and Territory• Chapter 1. China Geography Location and Territory

Geographic PerspectiveGeographic Perspective““Who will feed China”Who will feed China”Geographic PerspectiveGeographic Perspective““Who will feed China”Who will feed China”

Main Teaching Content

Key Words

•Illuminate China's position on the earth and its position in the world and understand its geographical significance of the forming of China geographic environment.

•Grasp the basic situation of China's territory and boundaries (Especially Maritime territory).

•Identify China surface landscape using remote sensing images.

•geographic location of China•remote sense image of China•administrative divisions of China

National ConditionsNational Conditions

Map

Train graphics association memory

1.1 China's Position in the Earth Coordinate System (1) Hemispheric Location ： North Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere

1.China Geography Location and Significance

1/4 hemisphere land most concentrated, the strongest areas affected by land

Eastern Power Country

Enormous differences Comparing with the Southern Hemisphere (fluid right side, seasonal change

reversely)

World Topography

(2) Latitude and Longitude Location

Great Country in Mid-latitude

98% of the territory locate between 20-50°, broad area of temperate and subtropical zone, good optical and thermal conditions.

N53o31'

N3o51'

E73o22'

E135o03'

5500km

5200km

Broad country and vast living space Basis of latitude strip incremental change laws Mid-latitude,Seasons change

typically （ Influence people’s behavioral habit and variety of everything ）

Broad country and vast living space Basis of latitude strip incremental change laws Mid-latitude,Seasons change

typically （ Influence people’s behavioral habit and variety of everything ）

1.2 China's Position on the Earth

(1) Marine-Terrestrial Location

Both land and sea resources and the environment, transport and culture Most typical monsoon country in the world, south-west monsoon, south-east monsoon, the plateau monsoon, instable climate Basis of surface longitude zone regularity Basis of large-scale farming and landscape zone regularity

Both land and sea resources and the environment, transport and culture Most typical monsoon country in the world, south-west monsoon, south-east monsoon, the plateau monsoon, instable climate Basis of surface longitude zone regularity Basis of large-scale farming and landscape zone regularity

Ice field

Tundra

Grassland in Temperate zone

Desert belt

Grassland in Tropical zone

Rain forest

Alpine plants beltEvergreen broadleaf in subtropical zone

Distribution of land natural belts in the world

Needleleaf forests in subfrigid zone

Mixed forests in temperate zone and deciduous broadleaf in temperate zone

Evergreen sclerophyte belt in subtropical zone

East of Eurasia, the West Bank of Pacific OceanBetween the biggest mainland and the biggest oceans in the worldSouth is tropical Indian Ocean Landlocked in the west, mountain entrenched

East of Eurasia, the West Bank of Pacific OceanBetween the biggest mainland and the biggest oceans in the worldSouth is tropical Indian Ocean Landlocked in the west, mountain entrenched

(2) Plate Location

Three plates contacting zone(From the Land structure perspective)

Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate,the India plate contact

Three plates contacting zone(From the Land structure perspective)

Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate,the India plate contact

Eurasian PlateA

merican

Plate

India Plate

Pacific Plate

African

plate

Seismic zone pattern——Circum- Pacific seismic zone ， Mid-latitude seismic zone patternBasis of macro physiognomy patternVertical zonality （ Agriculture and Landscape ）Basis of mineral resources pattern

Seismic zone pattern——Circum- Pacific seismic zone ， Mid-latitude seismic zone patternBasis of macro physiognomy patternVertical zonality （ Agriculture and Landscape ）Basis of mineral resources pattern

Volcano and Seismic Zone Distribution in the World

Circum- Pacific seismic zone Active volcano Continental breaking load

seismic zone Mid-ocean-ridge seismic zone

(3) Natural Belt Location

Ice field

Tundra

Grassland in Temperate zone

Desert belt

Grassland in Tropical zone

Rain forest

Alpine plants beltEvergreen broadleaf in subtropical zone

Distribution of land natural belts in the world

Needleleaf forests in subfrigid zone

Mixed forests in temperate zone and deciduous broadleaf in temperate zone

Evergreen sclerophyte belt in subtropical zone

Southeast of boreal forest （ Global Terrestrial Forest zone ）North of tropical rain forest （ Global Terrestrial Forest zone ）Eurasian desert center （ the world's largest temperate zone desert ） East of European-Asian grassland Highest elevation in the world –located in middle and low latitudeSubtropical forest ——famous agriculture fields

Southeast of boreal forest （ Global Terrestrial Forest zone ）North of tropical rain forest （ Global Terrestrial Forest zone ）Eurasian desert center （ the world's largest temperate zone desert ） East of European-Asian grassland Highest elevation in the world –located in middle and low latitudeSubtropical forest ——famous agriculture fields

1.3 China's Position in the World

(1) Position in the World Administrative Division and Economic Pattern

★

(2) Location in the World's Land Transportation

China

Asian

EuropeRotterdam

Hunchun

(3) Position in the World’s Cultural Belts

East of mid-latitude cultural belt Mexico,Mediterranean sea——Egypt,Rome,Greece,India River and Yellow RiverRegional closed （ East Sea and West Desert and Mountain ）→Historical and Cultural closed *Deblij: “One of the greatest ancient civilizations in the world ” “Chinese civilization developed through a long period of isolation ”

East of mid-latitude cultural belt Mexico,Mediterranean sea——Egypt,Rome,Greece,India River and Yellow RiverRegional closed （ East Sea and West Desert and Mountain ）→Historical and Cultural closed *Deblij: “One of the greatest ancient civilizations in the world ” “Chinese civilization developed through a long period of isolation ”

Chang’an

Mediterranean

Nile India River

Eu

ph

rates River

Tigris R

iver

Yellow River

From ancient to the modern times, China has been a country with a large population in the world, maintaining the proportion of 1/4 of the total world population in the long term.At the beginning of 12 century, the population was more than 100 million ，At the beginning of 19 century,the population was more than 400 million At the year of 1949, the mainland population

of 5.4 billion, 1.2 billion in 1995. At the year of 2000, （ Fifth Census ） 12.95 million people nationwide to the

approximately 21% of total global population

(1) China's Population Ranks First in the World

Population Power Country

China's Population Proportion Accounting for the World Population

1.4 Status of China in the World

China

IndiaAmerica

IndonesiaBrazil

Russia

World and other countries

Regional Distribution of Population Density with High-value (1995)

In the east of mid-latitude population density belt, the center of high-value population.

Great Population capacity of land ,representing the world 1/5.

In the east of mid-latitude population density belt, the center of high-value population.

Great Population capacity of land ,representing the world 1/5.

China's population proportion of the total world population is gradually declining. 1970 to 22.5%. 1995 to 21.0%. It is expected that China's population will reach 15.7~16 million in 2040~2050 , the proportion will fall to around 16%.

China's land area is about 9.6 million Km2 or approximately 6.5% of the

total land area in the world, after Russia and Canada, ranking third in the world.

(2) China's Land Area Ranks Third in the World

China in the world, representing 6.5% of the total land area for 21% of the total world population

？

Country Name Land Area / km2 Comparison （ China :1 ） Accounting for world’s area(%)

Russia 17075400 1.78 11.4 Canada 9976139 1.04 6.7 China 9600000 1.00 6.5 America 9372614 0.98 6.3 Brazil 8511965 0.89 5.7 Australia 7682300 0.80 5.2 India 2974700 0.31 2.2 Kazakstan 2721730 0.28 1.8 Saudi Arabia 2149690 0.25 1.4 Indonesia 1904570 0.20 1.3 France 551600 0.06 0.37 Japan 377750 0.04 0.25 Britain 244100 0.03 0.16

Comparison between China's Land Area and Some Countries

(3) China's Major Socio-Economic Indicators Rank First in the World

Economic Gross Ranks Sixth in the World China's GDP accounting for 2.5% of the world and 12.9% of the developing countries, seventh in the world in 1995 .

China's GDP ranks sixth in the world, with China's rapid economic development, economic output and the gap between the world's major

developed countries gradually reduced In 2000.

In Recent Years, Economic Growth Ranks First in the World

During the Eighth and Ninth Five-year Plan period , China's annual average economic growth was 12% and 8.3% respectively, the world economy grew at 2.6%, 3.8% over the same period, significantly higher than the world average, the growth rate ranks first in the world.

Output of Major Industrial and Agricultural Products Ranks First in the World

In 1999, the Chinese grain, cotton, rapeseed, fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs, fish, steel, coal, chemical fertilizer, cement, TV production and other industrial and agricultural products maintain primacy the world.

In 1996, grain output breached 5000 × 108kg.

In 2001, grain output for 4526 × 108kg. In 2001,generating capacity to 14,838 million kilowatt-hours, the second highest in the world.

In 2000,crude oil output 1.6 × 108t, 5th place in the world;gas output 277 × 108M3 , is No. 15 in the world. In 1996 steel output reached 10,124 × 104t. exceeded 100 million tons for the first time, being the largest in the world; production reached 15,163 × 104t in 2001 .

Total Foreign Exchange Reserves and Foreign Capital also Rank Second in the World

1978 to 160 million U.S. dollars 1989 to 5.6 billion U.S. dollars 1995 to 73.6 billion U.S. dollars 2000 to 165.6 billion U.S. dollars 2001 to 212.2 billion U.S. dollars Ranking second in the

world

Since 1990, China's absorption of foreign investment has been in the forefront of developing countries. After 1993, the total foreign capital

has been the second highest in the world, after the United States.

The Top Eight Countries of Foreign Exchange Reserves in the World

America

Spain

Singapore

Germany

Taiwan

Hong Kong

China

Japan

(A hundred

million

dollars)

Since reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has been developing rapidly, the average annual growth of foreign trade more than 15%,

more than the national economic growth rate.

China's import and export trade gross amounted to 20.6 billion U.S in 1978, ranking 32 in world trade. By 1997 the total value of import and export trade reached 325.1 billion U.S. dollars, ranking No. 10 of the world; increased to 509.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2001, the six largest in the world.

"Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, China's exports amounted to a total of

nearly 17740 million. China has become the world trade great country.

Foreign Trade Ranks Highest in the World

International Tourism Revenue Ranks Seventh in the World

In 1997,the number of international overnight entry tourist reached 2377 ten thousand, ranking sixth in the world. Tourism foreign exchange income amounted to 12.1 billion U.S. dollars, ranking eighth in the world after the U.S., Spain, France, Italy,

United Kingdom, Austria and Germany .

In 2000, the number of international overnight entry tourist reached 3123 million, the tourism foreign exchange revenue amounted to 16.2 billion U.S. dollars, ranking fifth and seventh

places respectively.

Data update information : National Bureau of Statistics. China Statistical Yearbook -2002. Beijing : China Statistics Press, 2002