The End of WWI

Ch. 11, sect 4Part 1

The end of WWI

• Russia leaves the war 1917 due to Communist revolution

Germany Collapses

• November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders to Allies

• Germans exhausted; armistice,or truce, signed November 11, 1918

The Final Toll

• World War I bloodiest war in history to date

– more than half of 20 million dead are civilians

– 20 million more are wounded

– 10 million people become refugees

Wilson Fights for Peace

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

a) 1–5 propose measures to prevent

another war, i.e. open treaties, freedom of the seas,

lower tariffs, arms reduction, consideration for colonies

b) 6–13 dealt with boundary changes

and self-determination.

c) 14th calls for international

organization called the

“League of Nations”

Wilson speaks to US crowd

about League

The Allies Reject Wilson’s Plan

Big Four:

1. Wilson - promotes his 14 Points but fails to grasp anger of Allied leaders against Germany

2. Georges Clemenceau, French premier,

wants to prevent another German invasion

3. David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister,

wants to “Make Germany Pay”

4. Vittorio Orlando, Italian Prime Minister,

wants Austrian-held territory

Clemenceau

Orlando

George

Big Four Conference

• Conference excludes Central Powers, Russia, small Allied

nations

• Reject Wilson’s plan except for the League of Nations.

Left-Side“A New Look for Europe map”

1. Attach the map to

the left-side.

2. Answer the

corresponding

questions and tape

over the map.

The End of WWI

Ch. 11, sect 4Part 2

Treaty of VersaillesBig Four and the leaders of the defeated nations gather to sign the Treaty of

Versailles (June 28, 1919)

Treaty consisted of:

1. Established 9 new nations –divide the Ottoman Empire and placed under British and French control

2. Demilitarization – Germany was stripped of its air force

and most of its navy and reduced its army to 100,000 men.

3. Return of Alsace-Lorraine to France – A section of land that separates France and Germany

4. Reparations (war

damages)

5. German War-guilt

Clause

Treaty of Versailles

“I can give him another injection. In

the state he’s in he won’t notice

anything at all.”

Treaty’s Weaknesses

1. Humiliated

Germany

2. $33 billion German

Reparations

3. Russia loses more

land

4. Colonized people’s claims

for self-

determination

ignored

U.S. Debate over League of Nations

• Some think League threatens U.S. foreign policy of isolation

– Congress rejects amendments

and rejects treaty

• U.S. never joins League of Nations

“Key Terms - Ch. 10 & 11”

Historical events often have a cause and effect relationship and the purpose of this

activity is to show how the “Key Terms” are linked together in a Cause and Effect

Diagram.

Left-Side“Key Terms – Ch. 10 & 11”

• p368 & 406 “Terms & Names”

• Select 5 terms from each chapter to analyze Cause and Effect

• Cause and Effect – create a diagram (R7) using “Terms & Names” that explains the cause and effect for each term.

– Think about: what happened that led to the term and how did it lead to the next term?

• With American business in Hawaii, the U.S. …..

Queen Liliuokalani

• As America begins to seek out ….

Imperialism

• America will expand ….

U.S.S. Maine

• China resisted foreign …

Open Door Policy

Left-Side“Key Terms – Ch. 10 & 11”

Something to Think About: What happened that led to the term and how did it lead to the next term?

1. p368 & 406 “Terms & Names” 2. Select 5 terms from each chapter to analyze Causes and Effects3. Cause and Effect – create a diagram (R7)