Parousiasi Kontakiotis
description
Transcript of Parousiasi Kontakiotis
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29/11/2010 : . : (), .
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SPSS,StatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences,computersoftware
ThecompanyannouncedJuly28,2009thatitwasbeingacquiredbyIBM forUS$1.2billion.AsofJanuary2010,itbecame"SPSS:AnIBMCompany".
PASWStatistics18.0.2 April2010
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Price:Freetotry$799.00tobuyOperatingsystem:WindowsXP/VistaDateadded:October08,2009TotalDownloads:144,213Downloadslastweek:1,055ProductRanking:#2inMathSoftwareSeefullspecifications
Morepopular MathSoftwaredownloads1,683downloads 1.Matlab1,055downloads 2.PASWStatistics988downloads 3.SASSystem929downloads 4.FaceRecognitionSystem833downloads 5.Graph
Predictive Analytics SoftwarePASW
SPSS , ,
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VariableType Theavailabledatatypesareasfollows: Numeric.Avariablewhosevaluesarenumbers.Valuesaredisplayedinstandardnumericformat.TheDataEditor
acceptsnumericvaluesinstandardformatorinscientificnotation. Comma.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedwithcommasdelimitingeverythreeplacesanddisplayed
withtheperiodasadecimaldelimiter.TheDataEditoracceptsnumericvaluesforcommavariableswithorwithoutcommasorinscientificnotation.Valuescannotcontaincommastotherightofthedecimalindicator.
Dot.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedwithperiodsdelimitingeverythreeplacesandwiththecommaasadecimaldelimiter.TheDataEditoracceptsnumericvaluesfordotvariableswithorwithoutperiodsorinscientificnotation.Valuescannotcontainperiodstotherightofthedecimalindicator.
Scientificnotation.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedwithanembedded Eandasignedpowerof10exponent.TheDataEditoracceptsnumericvaluesforsuchvariableswithorwithoutanexponent.TheexponentcanbeprecededbyEorDwithanoptionalsignorbythesignaloneforexample,123,1.23E2,1.23D2,1.23E+2,and1.23+2.
Date.Anumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedinoneofseveralcalendardateorclocktimeformats.Selectaformatfromthelist.Youcanenterdateswithslashes,hyphens,periods,commas,orblankspacesasdelimiters.ThecenturyrangefortwodigityearvaluesisdeterminedbyyourOptionssettings(fromtheEditmenu,chooseOptions,andthenclicktheDatatab).
Dollar.Anumericvariabledisplayedwithaleadingdollarsign($),commasdelimitingeverythreeplaces,andaperiodasthedecimaldelimiter.Youcanenterdatavalueswithorwithouttheleadingdollarsign.
Customcurrency.AnumericvariablewhosevaluesaredisplayedinoneofthecustomcurrencyformatsthatyouhavedefinedontheCurrencytaboftheOptionsdialogbox.DefinedcustomcurrencycharacterscannotbeusedindataentrybutaredisplayedintheDataEditor.
String.Avariablewhosevaluesarenotnumericandthereforearenotusedincalculations.Thevaluescancontainanycharactersuptothedefinedlength.Uppercaseandlowercase lettersareconsidereddistinct.Thistypeisalsoknownasanalphanumericvariable.
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Numeric: . . Data Editor .
String. . . . .
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SORTCASESBYgroup.SPLITFILELAYEREDBYgroup.DESCRIPTIVESVARIABLES=FEV1postFEV1,FEV16monts/STATISTICS=MEANSTDDEVMINMAX.
C:\Users\TURBO_X\Desktop\\\Untitled1.sav
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SORTCASESBYSEX.SPLITFILELAYEREDBYSEX.DESCRIPTIVESVARIABLES=FEV1postFEV1FEV16monts/STATISTICS=MEANSTDDEVMINMAX.
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Instatisticalhypothesistesting,therearetwotypesoferrorsthatcanbemadeorincorrectconclusionsthatcanbedrawn.
Ifanullhypothesis isincorrectlyrejectedwhenitisinfacttrue,thisiscalledaTypeIerror (alsoknownasafalsepositive).ATypeIIerror (alsoknownasafalsenegative)occurswhenanullhypothesisisnotrejecteddespitebeingfalse.
TheGreekletter isusedtodenotetheprobabilityoftypeIerror,andtheletter isusedtodenotetheprobabilityoftypeIIerror.
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H ,
, .
, : (0) (1).
(). ( 0).
( 0).
14
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Pairedttest
Mean= SD = SEM =
95%CI 95%
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independentsamplesttest,
pairedttest,
where isthestandarddeviationoftheoriginaldistributionandNisthe
samplesize
SEM
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Adatasetwithameanof50(showninblue)andastandarddeviation()of20.
Aplotofanormaldistribution (orbellcurve).Eachcoloredbandhasawidthofonestandarddeviation.
Exampleoftwosamplepopulationswiththesamemeananddifferentstandarddeviations.Redpopulationhasmean100andSD10;bluepopulationhasmean100andSD50.
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where isthestandarddeviationoftheoriginaldistributionandNisthe
samplesize
SEM
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Between Groups 4.024 2 2.012 15.267 .000
Within Groups 1.713 13 .132
Total 5.738 15Between Groups 9.816 2 4.908 15.717 .000
Within Groups 4.684 15 .312
postFEV1
Total 14.500 17Between Groups 10.128 2 5.064 15.429 .000
Within Groups 5.251 16 .328
f
FEV16monts
Total 15.379 18Between Groups 7.116 4 1.779 3.173 .024
Within Groups 20.745 37 .561
Total 27.861 41Between Groups 6.484 4 1.621 2.099 .101
Within Groups 28.574 37 .772
postFEV1
Total 35.058 41Between Groups 4.622 4 1.155 2.634 .049
Within Groups 17.110 39 .439
males
FEV16monts
Total 21.732 43
ANOVA 4
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Repeatedmeasurementsanalysis
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TheGenerallinearmodelprocedureprovidesanalysisofvariancewhenthesamemeasurementismadeseveraltimesoneachsubjectorcase.Ifbetweensubjectsfactorsarespecified,theydividethepopulationintogroups.Usingthisgenerallinearmodelprocedure,youcantestnullhypothesesabouttheeffectsofboththebetweensubjectsfactorsandthewithinsubjectsfactors.Youcaninvestigateinteractionsbetweenfactorsaswellastheeffectsofindividualfactors.Inaddition,theeffectsofconstantcovariatesandcovariateinteractionswiththebetweensubjectsfactorscanbeincluded .
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betweensubjectsfactors withinsubjectsfactors
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;
. . ANOVA (RMF)., ANOVA Mauchly p
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whereparameter isthemean(locationofthepeak)and2isthevariance(themeasureofthewidthofthedistribution).Thedistributionwith =0and2=1iscalledthestandardnormal.
Bonferonni correction0.05/4=0.01250.05/6=0.0083
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test1. (splitfile)2. ( ) FEV1
test 1. FEV1VSPostFEV12.
Friedmantest
Wilcoxon signedRankstest
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FEV1VSPostFEV1
FEV1VSPostFEV1VSFEV16months
Friedmantest
Wilcoxon signedRankstest
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pairedttest,Wilcoxon ttest
indepented ttest,MannWhitneytest
onewayANOVA,Kruskall Wallistest,Bonferonnis correction
anova fortwowaycrossoverdesign(twoerrors)
% XS2test,oddsratio
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multiplemeasurementsanalysis Friedmantest
splitfile
TheWilcoxon signedranktest isanonparametric statisticalhypothesistest
forthecaseoftworelatedsamples orrepeatedmeasurementsonasinglesample.ItcanbeusedasanalternativetothepairedStudent'sttest whenthepopulationcannotbeassumedtobenormallydistributed.
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4:
: . 2080.( )
II: . . 100200 .( )
III: , . .( )
IV: .
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Doubleblindcontrolledstudyrandomizecontrolledtrial
FEV1,FEV1post,FEV16months FEV1,19,2 (),Placebo (),controlgroup
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9
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()randomizecontrolledtrial doubleblind
9 Variable TypeH Statistical significant difference p