Parliamentary Growth of Uk (former Great Britain)
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Transcript of Parliamentary Growth of Uk (former Great Britain)
Parliamentary Growth in Great Britain
influenced the people to be seafaring-mariners, explorers, and colonizers develop a strong navy island apart from continental Europe has fostered English conservatism and independent thinking distance: only about 33.5 kilometers – 21 miles – from
Dover, England to Calais France England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
Celts
first inhabitants
practiced a religion called Druidism
Romans invasion
Britons
build army camps-Lancaster , Winchester & Manchester Christianity was introduced
Angles and Saxons
attacked pushed their way to the English Channel & raided Southeast coast
end of 6th century, much of Britain are conquered except Wales and Scotland
the part where the Germanic tribes settled became known as England
believed to built the Stonehenge Anglo-Saxon tribes
came a new people – the English
during 9th century, the Angles and Saxons were threatened by the Danes from Scandinavia
Alfred the Great, a Saxon king of Wessex, in the South, fought off the Danes and kept them in the north and east, he divided his kingdom into shires,
he reviewed the traditional laws of the land and retained only those that seemed just (his laws became the basis of later English Laws)
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle – history of England King Canute of the Danes defeated the English and he
became the king of England after King Canute’s death, the English rebelled and made
Edward the Confessor their king
Alfred the Great
King Canute of the Danes
Edward the Confessor
William the Conqueror, a Norman duke being claimed the English throne after the latter’s death
the English chose Harold II Godwinson their king over the objections of William
in 1066 William gathered his vassals and warriors, cross the English Channel and engaged Harold in a fierce battle – the Battle of Hastings
William the Conqueror
Harold II Godwinson
Battle of Hastings
Toward the
Growth of Justice and Self-
Government
Trial by Jury and the English Common Law
Trial by Jury and the English Common Law
Beginnings of Parliament
Beginnings of Parliament
The Magna Carta The Magna Carta
Parliament Gains Control of England’s Government
Parliament Gains Control of England’s Government
Trial by Jury and the English Common Law
Henry II ascended to the British throne in 1154 in the midst of feudal war face
He set out to restore peace in England by subduing the barons and establishing a fair justice system.
Before his reign, trials were by ordeal. He established shire courts with the jury. The job of the
jury was to find out under oath whether a crime had been committed.
The decisions of the circuit judges – judges who heard cases in a number of shire courts – were the beginnings of the English Common Law.
Henry II
The Magna Carta King John heavily taxed the barons and this made the latter
angered and they determined to resist. In June 1215, with the help of Churchmen and middle-class
traders, they forced King John to sign the Magna Carta or the Great Charter, which contained a list of their demands on the King.
2 most important demands 1. Article 12 stated: “No scutage or aid save the customary
feudal ones shall be levied except by common consent of our kingdom.”
2. Article 39 stated: “No freeman shall be arrested or imprisoned unless by common judgment of his peers and by the law of the land.”
King John
Beginnings of Parliament Henry III, ignored the Magna Carta. Under the leadership of
Simon de Montfort, the nobles and their followers revolted and made Henry their prisoner.
Simon called a meeting of the Great Council to which he invited not only the barons and churchmen but also two knights and burghers (townsmen) from every shire.
The meetings began to take the name “parliament” a word derived from the French word parler which means to talk.
Edward I needed more money to run his government. He called groups of men from various parts of the country, and these representatives are aware of their bargaining power.
In 1295 Edward I called the Great Council, that body was referred to as the Model Parliament, in which various classes of people were represented.
Henry III
Simon de Montfort
Edward I
The knights and townsmen became the House of Commons, while the gathering of barons and churchmen became the House of Lords.
during the 16th and 17th centuries, there were popular monarchs who made the English crown strong, they are Henry VIII and his daughter, the famous Queen Elizabeth I
Henry VIII separated the church of England from the Roman Catholic Church during the reformation.
Under Elizabeth I, England became a powerful country. During her reign England entered her Golden Age.
House of Commons
House of Lords
Henry VIII
Queen Elizabeth I
Parliament Gains Control of England’s Government
after Queen Elizabeth I died, the throne went to James I, of the Stuart line and a son of Mary, the Queen of Scotland
James I came in conflict with Parliament over the divine right theory
Charles I, son of James I, continued to ignore the Parliament
in 1628 Parliament presented to the king the Petition of Rights listing down their rights and Charles I agreed to the document
James I
Queen Mary of Scots
Charles I
Petition includes such provisions as: 1. No one can be taxed without the consent of the
Parliament.2. No one can be imprisoned without a jury trial. he summoned the parliament to ask for more money a civil war broke out between the Cavaliers and the
Roundheads after the war Cromwell became the Lord Protector, he
dissolved the Parliament after Cromwell’s death, Parliament restored the rule of
Kings, with Charles II James II succeeded to the throne
Parliament deposed James II in 1688 and elected a new king and queen.
in 1689 Parliament had their new sovereigns, William and Mary sign a document called Bill of Rights
two early political parties emerged, the Tories and of the Whigs
Queen Victoria (from 1837-1901) workers finally earned the right to vote
in 1928 suffrage was extended to women over 21 years old
Tories - Conservative Party while the Whigs - Liberal Party
Cromwell the Lord Protector
James II
King William Queen Mary
Queen Victoria
the Cabinet, the reliance of George I (1660-1727) to the English people
the men who run the affairs of the state became ministers and the leader was called the prime minister
since the 19th century, the Cabinet has taken over most of the executive functions of the king
Today, the real head of the British government is the Prime Minister while the King or Queen is just a ceremonial head.
George I
David Cameron
Queen Elizabeth II