Parliament, The Stuarts, Parliament, The Stuarts, and the Glorious and the Glorious

RevolutionRevolution

Joseph BasilioJoseph BasilioPeriod 6Period 6

PromptPrompt

1993 - 1993 - Describe and analyze the Describe and analyze the change of roles of Parliament in change of roles of Parliament in English politics between the English politics between the succession of James I and the succession of James I and the Glorious Revolution. Glorious Revolution.

I. James II. James I (r.1603-1625)(r.1603-1625)

A. King James VI of Scotland and James I of A. King James VI of Scotland and James I of EnglandEngland

1. Successor of Elizabeth I1. Successor of Elizabeth I

2. Founder of The House of Stuart2. Founder of The House of Stuart

B. The Divine Right of KingsB. The Divine Right of Kings1. 1. The Trew Law of Free MonarchyThe Trew Law of Free Monarchy

C. Ended the long Spanish War in 1604 C. Ended the long Spanish War in 1604 1. Left England in large debt1. Left England in large debt

a. Looked to the House of Commonsa. Looked to the House of Commons

D. Disagreements with PuritansD. Disagreements with Puritans1. “no bishop, no king” 1. “no bishop, no king”

II. The English ParliamentII. The English Parliament

A. Legislative branch of A. Legislative branch of government government

1. Passed laws1. Passed laws B. Two HouseB. Two House

1. House of Lords1. House of Lords2. House of Commons2. House of Commons

C. The House of CommonsC. The House of Commons1. Wanted sovereignty1. Wanted sovereignty2. Guarded the states 2. Guarded the states

pocketbookpocketbook

D. Parliament under Elizabeth I D. Parliament under Elizabeth I was a body called only when was a body called only when neededneeded

III. Parliament and James IIII. Parliament and James IA. James lectured to the House of CommonsA. James lectured to the House of Commons

1. “There are no privileges and immunities which can stand 1. “There are no privileges and immunities which can stand against a divinely appointed King”.against a divinely appointed King”.

a. Implied total rule and authority over the liberties, persons a. Implied total rule and authority over the liberties, persons and properties of English men and women.and properties of English men and women.

b. Contradicted the idea that a persons property cannot be b. Contradicted the idea that a persons property cannot be taken away without due process of law taken away without due process of law

B. Differed in Religious viewsB. Differed in Religious views

1. Many members of Parliament were Puritan 1. Many members of Parliament were Puritan

a. Wanted to Purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic a. Wanted to Purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic elementselements

2. James recognized bishops because they were his greatest supporters2. James recognized bishops because they were his greatest supporters

a. Puritans wanted to abolish bishops a. Puritans wanted to abolish bishops

C. Royal debt and lack of incomeC. Royal debt and lack of income1. James wanted to raise taxes, but Parliament refused unless he agreed 1. James wanted to raise taxes, but Parliament refused unless he agreed

to to there demands so he was forced to make money a different waythere demands so he was forced to make money a different way

D. D. Parliament was only called when James was in need to moneyParliament was only called when James was in need to money

IV. Charles IIV. Charles I (r.1625-1649)(r.1625-1649)

A. Son of James I and successor A. Son of James I and successor

1. Firm believer of the divine right of 1. Firm believer of the divine right of kingskings

B. Married a CatholicB. Married a Catholic

1. Not popular with Puritans1. Not popular with Puritans

C. Quarreled many times with Parliament C. Quarreled many times with Parliament

1. Rights Custom duties to tonnage 1. Rights Custom duties to tonnage (wine) (wine) and poundage (wool) and poundage (wool)

2. attempted to rule without Parliament 2. attempted to rule without Parliament from 1629 -1640 from 1629 -1640

a. raised money by levying a. raised money by levying forced forced taxes taxes

D. Scottish RevoltsD. Scottish Revolts1. Due to religious reform in Scotland1. Due to religious reform in Scotland

2. Forced to call Parliament to finance an 2. Forced to call Parliament to finance an armyarmy

V. The Long ParliamentV. The Long Parliament

A. From 1640 to 1660, Parliament proceeded to enact A. From 1640 to 1660, Parliament proceeded to enact legislation that limited the power of the monarchlegislation that limited the power of the monarch

1. Passed the Triennial Act – The King must summon 1. Passed the Triennial Act – The King must summon Parliament every Parliament every three yearsthree years

B. King Charles accepted the demands of Parliament in fear of a B. King Charles accepted the demands of Parliament in fear of a Scottish invasionScottish invasion

C. The Long Parliament did not want to place an army under the C. The Long Parliament did not want to place an army under the king king

1. This led Charles to recruit his own army 1. This led Charles to recruit his own army

2. Resulted in the English Civil War 2. Resulted in the English Civil War

VI. The English Civil WarVI. The English Civil War (1642-(1642-1649)1649)

A. Parliamentary ForcesA. Parliamentary Forces1. Militia, country squires, and 1. Militia, country squires, and

ProtestantsProtestants2. Roundheads2. Roundheads3. Led By Oliver Cromwell 3. Led By Oliver Cromwell

B. Charles ForcesB. Charles Forces1. Nobility, rural gentry, and 1. Nobility, rural gentry, and

mercenariesmercenaries2. Royalist 2. Royalist

C. Divided into two civil warsC. Divided into two civil wars 1. First from 1642-1647 and Second 1. First from 1642-1647 and Second

from from 1647-1649 1647-1649

D. Parliament victoriousD. Parliament victorious1. Ended with the execution of Charles I 1. Ended with the execution of Charles I

for for high treason high treason E. The war resulted in dictatorship by Oliver E. The war resulted in dictatorship by Oliver CromwellCromwell

1. After the death of Cromwell, 1. After the death of Cromwell, Parliament Parliament restored the Stuart monarchy restored the Stuart monarchy

VII. The Restoration of 1660VII. The Restoration of 1660A. Restored Both House of Parliament and Anglican ChurchA. Restored Both House of Parliament and Anglican Church

1. Failed to resolve two problems1. Failed to resolve two problems

a. Attitude toward Puritans, Catholics and dissenters from the a. Attitude toward Puritans, Catholics and dissenters from the established church established church

b. The constitutional position of the kingb. The constitutional position of the king

2. Parliament want to compel religious uniformity 2. Parliament want to compel religious uniformity

b. The Test Act of 1673 b. The Test Act of 1673

1) punished those who refused to receive the Eucharist of 1) punished those who refused to receive the Eucharist of EnglandEngland

Charles II (r.1660-1685)

James II (r.1685-1688)

VIII. Restored House of StuartVIII. Restored House of Stuart

Charles IICharles II• Eldest Son of Charles I Eldest Son of Charles I • He intended to get along with He intended to get along with

Parliament Parliament • Formed the Cabal who served Formed the Cabal who served

as spokespersons for the king as spokespersons for the king in Parliament in Parliament

• Willing to call frequent Willing to call frequent meetings with parliamentmeetings with parliament

• Parliament was considered a Parliament was considered a permanent body that met permanent body that met year round year round

James IIJames II• Brother of Charles IIBrother of Charles II • Placed Catholics in high Placed Catholics in high

positions of authority. positions of authority. • Had no use for Parliament Had no use for Parliament • Parliament did not approve of Parliament did not approve of

James’s actions James’s actions

IX. The Glorious Revolution (1688-IX. The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689)1689)

A. James II and his family had feld to A. James II and his family had feld to France France

1. The Throne was vacant 1. The Throne was vacant

2. William of Orange and Mary II, 2. William of Orange and Mary II, daughter of James II given the daughter of James II given the

Throne Throne

B. Crushed the ideas of the divine-right B. Crushed the ideas of the divine-right monarchy monarchy

Queen Mary II

Died in 1694

William III of Orange

(r. 1689-1702)

X. ParliamentX. Parliament and the Revolutionand the Revolution

A. William and Mary recognized the supremacy of ParliamentA. William and Mary recognized the supremacy of Parliament

B. The Glorious Revolution established the principle that sovereignty was B. The Glorious Revolution established the principle that sovereignty was divided between the king and Parliament divided between the king and Parliament

1. Increased the role of Parliament in the Government1. Increased the role of Parliament in the Government

C. Established a Bill of Rights that was a response to the Stuart AbsolutismC. Established a Bill of Rights that was a response to the Stuart Absolutism– 1. Law was to be made in Parliament and could not be suspended by the crown1. Law was to be made in Parliament and could not be suspended by the crown– 2. Parliament had to be called at least every 3 years2. Parliament had to be called at least every 3 years– 3. Elections to and debates within Parliament were to be free from the kings 3. Elections to and debates within Parliament were to be free from the kings

interferenceinterference– 4. Judges would hold office “during good behavior” – ensuring the independence of 4. Judges would hold office “during good behavior” – ensuring the independence of

the Judiciarythe Judiciary– 5. No standing army in peace time5. No standing army in peace time– 6. Protestants may have weapons for their defense6. Protestants may have weapons for their defense– 7. Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters & nonconformist – and required 7. Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters & nonconformist – and required

that the English monarch always be Protestantthat the English monarch always be Protestant

1. This finalized that Parliament governed the country and not 1. This finalized that Parliament governed the country and not the king the king