parkITsmart presented at ICCCN 2015
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description
Finding a parking space in urban areas is a daily challenge for drivers across the world, due to the increasing amount of vehicles and the limited amount of parking spaces. Drivers who are looking for a parking space in peak hours are often forced to drive around city blocks until they spot a free parking space. This process is termed in literature “cruising for parking” and is proven to (a) cost a lot of time and gas for drivers, (b) generate unnecessary traffic load, and (c) affect the environment negatively due to increased vehicle emissions. This work proposes a Parking Monitoring and Management System (PMMS) that collects, processes, and presents data about available parking spaces and their tariffs within a geographical region. The end-user application of the PMMS, parkITsmart, delivers at drivers bird’s-eye view concerning the parking availability. To facilitate this, the PMMS gathers data from drivers’, vehicles, their mobile phones, and Parking Inspectors (PIs). This work shows that in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment, “pairing” cars and drivers’ mobile phones, collecting data from their sensors, and from PIs in a parking monitoring and management system, can decrease significantly cruising times for parking and can increase the time demands of the parking controlling process.
Transcript of parkITsmart presented at ICCCN 2015
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parkITsmart: Minimiza0on of Cruising for Parking
Christos Tsiaras, Livio Hobi, Fabian Hofste?er, Samuel Liniger, Burkhard S0ller
LV, ICCCN 2015 8/5/2015
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Problem Descrip0on parkITsmart Overview Evalua0on Cruising for parking minimiza0on Controlling 0me minimiza0on
Summary Future Work
Outline
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Cruising: Driving while looking for parking space aSer arriving to the desired des0na0on Adds up to 30% unnecessary conges0on on streets Vehicles emission Noise
Unoccupied free spaces Revenue losses for the city
Introduc0on
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Impact of Cruising in Trac
Consider 6 minutes cruising for a parking space
Parking space turnover: 5 vehicles per day
Each parking space generates 30 minutes of cruising 0me per day
If the average cruising speed is approximately 15 Km/h
Each parking space generates approximately 8 Vehicle Km Traveled (VKT) per day
In a year this is 2937 VKT per parking space
~50K parking spaces in Zurich!
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Environmental Impact of Cruising
EU regula0ons are being introduced to reduce the average emissions of vehicles sold beginning in 2012, to 130 g/km of CO2
Even if all vehicles comply with this rule the environment is encumbered with 381 Kg CO2 per parking space, per year, because of cruising!
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Economic Impact of Cruising
Waste of 0me for everybody Waste of fuel Waste of revenue of the unused parking spaces
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parkITsmart High-Level Overview
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High-Level Overview
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Technologies
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Intend: Show the use of parkITsmart in terms of Saved 0me Reduced car emissions Lower conges0on rate
Hypothesis: Drivers that search for a spot randomly have to cruise longer than drivers with parking spot availability informa0on.
End-User App Evalua0on: Parking Spot U0liza0on (I)
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End-User App Evalua0on: Parking Spot U0liza0on (II)
Scenario 1: city center, cars are driving slowly, few available parking spots, lot of cars looking for spots
Scenario 2: outside the city center, cars can drive faster, lots of free spots, few cars looking for spots
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End-User App Evalua0on: Parking Spot U0liza0on (III)
Parameters: Grid Size Dura0on to walk Average speed of cars Percentage of cells with a free parking spot Amount of car which are looking for a spot
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End-User App Evalua0on: Parking Spot U0liza0on (IV)
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Evalua0on End-User App: Parking Spot U0liza0on (V)
Results: Scenario City Countryside Avg. 0me without parkITsmart (min)
11.1 9.9
Avg. 0me with parkITsmart (min)
3.2 1.3
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Scenario: 20 spots 1.5 minutes to walk 2 parked illegally Controlling : 3 s with applica0on
5 s without applica0on Fine: 30 s with applica0on
120 s without applica0on
Evalua0on Controller App: Time Eciency (I)
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Formula Ttotal = tw +(tc s) + (tf p)
Result TQR/NFC = 210 seconds Tmanual = 430 seconds
Evalua0on: Controller Time Eciency (II)
Symbol Unit Explana@on
Ttotal sec Total 0me
tw sec Time to walk 100 meter
tc sec Time to control a parked vehicle
tf sec Time to report a ne
s # Number of spots to control
p # Number of illegally parked vehicles
-51%
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Locate unoccupied parking spaces Remember where I parked my vehicle, precisely Look up citys parking regula0ons Suppor0ng 15 languages!
Why is parkITsmart good for drivers?
?
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Easier and more ecient vehicle controlling QR-code and NFC-tag scanning
Directly send nes No manual processing needed Integra0on in exis0ng ne management possible
Prevent parking fraud Ecient parking distribu0on Drivers parking pa?ern
recogni0on
Why is parkITsmart good for the city?
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Outcomes Prototype of a running system
End-user app in Google Play Store and App Store Controller app available on-demand
Evalua0on of parkITsmart Minimiza0on of cruising for parking Improved controlling eciency
Summary
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Usability and performance of the map Include more data about parking spots Include further local parking regula0ons Payment for parking spaces System acceptance study Cruising for parking minimiza0on techniques A public parking management system for Zurich Parking predic0on techniques (iBeacons, OBDs)
Future Work
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parkITsmart.com
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