Parking Policy Fundamentals - Rail~VolutionParking policy lessons learned? •Parking is a strategy,...
Transcript of Parking Policy Fundamentals - Rail~VolutionParking policy lessons learned? •Parking is a strategy,...
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Parking Policy Fundamentals
Rail~Volution 2012Oct 15, 2012
Valerie KnepperMetropolitan
Transportation Commission
MTC.ca.gov/planning/parking
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Series of choices:
we can’t have it all everywhere!
a. Easy parking vs compact development
b. Free parking vs cost recovery / management
c. Cheaper parking vs cheaper housing
d. Requirements vs developers/employer choice
e. Employee parking for all vs TDM programs
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1. Why do parking policies matter?
a. Impact on urban form?
b. Impact on housing costs?
c. Environmental concerns/ GHGs?
d. Economic impacts?
e. Equity?
f. All of the above?
g. None of the above?
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2. When were most American parking policies developed?
a. 1900’s - 10’s
b. 1920’s - 30’s
c. 1950’s - 60’s
d. 1980’s - 90’s
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3. Who sets parking requirements?
a. The owner/developer of the land
b. The future tenants (buyers/renters)
c. The city council or staff
d. The neighborhood residents
e. Transportation engineers
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4. Demand for Parking
a. Four spaces per house
b. One space per employee
c. Five spaces per bowling alley lane
d. Ten spaces per 1,000 sq ft for restaurants
e. All of the above
f. None of the above
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What does DEMAND mean?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~“Of course there’s not enough parking!
If you gave away free pizza, would there ever be enough pizza?!” Andres Duany
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You must have two beers for every 1,000 calories you
eat.
Why do we tell people how much parking they “need”?
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5. How much parking do developers want to produce?
a. More than the city requires
b. Less than the city requires
c. About the same as the city requires
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Typical Pre-WWII Building: Great Infill!
7,500 sq. ft., “zero lot line”
Illustration: MDA Johnson Favaro Architecture & Urban Design
100% efficiency
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“By-Right” Restaurant Building:
1,665 sq. ft. (improvements)
16 stalls (10 per 1,000 sq. ft.)
Illustration: MDA Johnson Favaro Architecture & Urban Design
22%efficiency
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Convenience Store Strip Mall
Auto Service Drug Store
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6. The Cost of Building Parking Structures
How much do parking spaces in structures typically cost, capital funds only, per space:
Above ground / Underground
a. $5,000 / $10,000
b. $10,000 / $20,000
c. $30,000 / $60,000
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Urban Parking Structure$30,000
Construction cost per space
$350-$400
Monthly cost per space
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HOME
STATION
Could be a
5 Minute Walk
No Access
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HOME
STATION
Instead, it is a
50-Minute Walk
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7. Pricing on-street & off-street parking
a. On-street parking should be cheaper
b. Off-street parking (e.g. structures) should be cheaper
c. They should be the same price
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8. Employee Parking
Parking requirements for employees:
a. Employers decide about how much parking to provide, depending on location & travel choices available
b. Employees pay for the parking they want
c. Cities require that employers provide specific amounts of parking for employees (per employee or sq ft by use)
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More Space for Cars than People
Office 12’ x 9’
cubicles less (e.g. 6’ by 7’Parking 18’ x 9’
+ lots of maneuvering
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9. Which of these can be useful in managing parking demand?
a. Reduced/no city minimums in downtowns/centers
b. Unbundling residential parking
c. Shared parking
d. Pricing on and off street
e. Carshare
f. Cash-out of employee parking / CBO
g. Bike sharing/pedestrian amenities
h. Universal transit passes
i. All of the above
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10. The Future?
The younger generation of “Millennials” (currently ~20-34) own cars at a rate compared with “Boomers” (currently ~55-70) when they were their age:
a. About the same
b. Much higher
c. Significantly lower
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Transportation and the New Generation
Why Young People Are Driving Less
and What It Means for Transportation Policy
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There is a market for TOD with less parking
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What is MTC doing?
• MTC Smart Parking Toolbox – process, strategies, examples
• Model with sharing, pricing, transit, etc.
• Support for local analysis, case studies
• Technical analyses, workshops (June 2012
• Videos on line
• AB 904 workshop
• Major new study of pricing strategies about to begin
http://www.mtc.ca.gov/planning/parking
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Parking policy lessons learned?
• Parking is a strategy, not a goal
• Parking is a component of land use & access, a resource to be managed, economic consequences
• Support goals by meeting market demand while minimizing negative impacts
• Pricing is the most powerful management tool
• Consider role of alternative modes; walking and biking are cheap, transit can be very efficient
• Empower individuals, developers, businesses and communities to explore creative approaches
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MTC.ca.gov/planning/parking