PARIS.
1
1362 interesting discussion followed the reading of the various communications. Belfast JJist’l"ict Lunatic Asylum. Mr. S. Graham, assistant medical officer of the Belfast Asylum, who has been in charge of the Purdysburn Branch, has resigned on his being appointed residsnt medical super- intendent of the new County Antrim Asylum. . Success of a Belfast St1ldent at Cambridge. Dr. W. Hanna, a former distinguished student of Queen’s College, Belfast, at the recent examinations held by the State Medicine Syndicate of Cambridge University for the Diploma in Public Health, obtained first place in bacteriology. May llth. ________________ PARIS. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) 1 1 87zin Grafting. f AT the meeting of the Academy of Sciences held on I May 2nd M. Ollier remarked that it had long been the custom << since the experiments of Reverdin to hasten the healing of ] wounds by grafting small pieces of skin on to the raw 3 surface. But according to M. Ollier it is quite possible to employ large grafts containing 20, 30, or even 40 square centimetres by the use of which the wound heals without showing any cicatricial characters, the skin preserving its ] natural appearance. M. Ollier cited as an example of this 1 treatment the case of a patient living near Lyons who was treated by this method for an extensive burn on the 1 inner aspect of the leg. The injury had occurred many years previously and the wound had assumed I a malignant aspect, so that amputation of the leg ( had been advised. After the site of the wound had been carefully scraped and cleansed eight grafts, containing 1 from 20 to 25 centimetres of skin respectively, were applied. ( All the grafts took and at the end of some weeks the raw i surface was replaced by real skin containing sweat-glands and hairs and in every way similar to normal skin. M. Ollier was struck by one thing, namely, the apparent increase in the size of the grafts during the course of the healing of the ( wound, whereas it is well known that they generally shrink. He attributed the apparent growth to the mobility of the ( neighbouring parts, a mobility which caused tiraillments in every sense. Radiography as a Means of Ceptifping the Existence of Death. : At the meeting of the Biological Society held on April 23rd, M. Bougarde showed three photographs 1 of the thorax, two of them from living persons and the third from a corpse, all taken by the x-rays. In the two first the different thoracic organs and the ( walls of the thorax itself exhibited a hazy outline, ] so that their limits could not be exactly made out. I This, of course, was owing to the natural movements of the parts, the pulsations of the heart and the great vessels, and the movements of the diaphragm. Even when the subjects 1 held their breath so as to minimise movement as much as possible the outlines were still hazy and the outline of the diaphragm was seen as a shadow varying in depth and ex- 1 tending over the ninth and tenth intercostal spaces. The heart and great vessels were seen to occupy the centre of the chest as a dark oval mass, the shadow of which was dense in the centre and gradually faded away towards the periphery until the almost transparent lungs were reached. ] In the radiograph of the corpse, however, the appearance 1 was quite different, for all the organs had sharp and well- defined edges. ’ , 7Ae General Association of French Medical Practitioners. The General Association of French Medical Practitioners i has just held a meeting in Paris at which several provincial. t delegates proposed resolutions on behalf of the various bodies ( which they represented. The Soci6te de la Gironde recom- mended that in each Faculty instruction should be given i both in medical ethics and in the departments of law which t have a bearing on medical practice. The Société de la Sarthe recommended that foreign medical men who had [ become naturalised should be required to serve in the army, the idea being that all medical men desiring to practise r ought to be subject to the same military obligations, a whether they be French by birth or by naturalisation, without any special exemption for the latter. Some recom- mendations made by the Society of Melun, Fontainebleau, and Provins and the Society of Algeria opened up ques- tions of reciprocity and led to a comparison of the privileges accorded on the one hand to foreign medical men practising in France, and on the other hand to French medical men practising in foreign countries. Eventually a resolution was adopted to the effect that la faculté d’emccrger aux budgets departementccux ou com. munaux should be granted to foreign medical men only under exceptional circumstances. The Society of Vaucluse recom. mended that medical students should not serve in the army until the completion of their curriculum and that they should pass a year as officers of the Army Medical Department; a. concession on similar lines was also recommended for pupils of the Eoole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures. Finally, the Societe de la Gironde recommended that the university degree of Doctor should not carry with it the right to practise medicine, but that doctors of medicine of French nationality who had not been found guilty of any offence should have this right conferred on them by a jury of medical men not belonging to any teaching staff and pre- sided over by a professor of the Faculty. The scope of the examinations conducted by this jury ought to include practical knowledge, the state of the law in relation to medicine, and medical ethics. The Prophylaxis of Tuberculosis. At the meeting of the Academy of Medicine held on May 3rd, M. Grancher read a report on the prophylaxis of tuberculosis, of which the following is a summary:-1. The Academy hereby confirms the resolutions arrived at in 1890 which advised the following three measures of prophylaxis N (a) all sputum should be collected in a pocket spittoon or some vessel containing solution of carbolic acid of a strength of 5 per cent. or else a little water ; (&bgr;) to do away with sweeping for the removal of dust and to replace it as far as possible by washing or rubbing over with a damp cloth; and (-y) to boil all milk before drinking it, whatever be its source. 2. With reference to family practice the Academy recommends to all medical men the continued application of these prophy- lactic measures from the time when tuberculosis is diagnosed, and also, if possible, to keep the disease quiescent by means of an early diagnosis and proper treatment. 3. With regard to the army the Academy suggests that early cases of tuber- culosis in which the expectoration does not contain bacilli should be invalided temporarily, and permanently as soon as the sputa are found to contain Koch’s bacilli. The Academy makes an appeal for the earnest cooperation of the military and hygienic authorities to see that the three measures above announced are carried out in every barrack. 4. Io the case of schools, workshops, shops, &c., which have to be reached through the medium of those in charge, the Academy can only ask them to consider very earnestly the importance of these hygienic questions and the very simple and easy methods which are quite sufficient to carry out a real pro- phylaxis against the extension of tuberculosis. 5. The Academy approves of the conclusions which the commission appointed to examine into this question with regard to hos- pitals arrived at-that is to say (a) all tuberculous patients shall be isolated in separate wards until separate sanatoria can be provided for them ; (&bgr;) antisepsis shall be carried out both in the tuberculous ward and the. general ward, especially by careful cleansing of the floors and the substitution of washing for sweeping ; (-y) the health of the general staff should be improved by giving higher wages, by drawing them from a better class, and by the grant of retiring pensions ; and (&dgr;) a staff of hospital sanitary officers ought to be formed. 6. The Academy approves of the restrictions laid down in the proposed Bill and of the new regulations with regard to meat taken from tuberculous animals. Seizure and total destruction of this kind of meat will only be employed in those cases, which are not very common, of of general tuberculosis and "fevered" meat. The use of tuberculin is strongly recommended to breeders and the elimination from the herd by means of the butcher of those animals which only react slightly. 7. The Academy, wish- ing to mark the exceptional interest which it takes in seeing the prophylactic measures against tuberculosis carried out continuously, has appointed a new and permanent commission under the name of the Commission of Prophylaxis against Tuberculosis, which will have for its objects the encourage- ment of, and cooperation with, any effort which may be made against the dissemination of the tubercle bacillus. May 9th.
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Transcript of PARIS.
1362
interesting discussion followed the reading of the variouscommunications.
Belfast JJist’l"ict Lunatic Asylum.Mr. S. Graham, assistant medical officer of the Belfast
Asylum, who has been in charge of the Purdysburn Branch,has resigned on his being appointed residsnt medical super-intendent of the new County Antrim Asylum.
. Success of a Belfast St1ldent at Cambridge.Dr. W. Hanna, a former distinguished student of Queen’s
College, Belfast, at the recent examinations held by theState Medicine Syndicate of Cambridge University for theDiploma in Public Health, obtained first place in bacteriology.May llth.
________________
PARIS.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) 1
1
87zin Grafting. fAT the meeting of the Academy of Sciences held on I
May 2nd M. Ollier remarked that it had long been the custom <<since the experiments of Reverdin to hasten the healing of ]wounds by grafting small pieces of skin on to the raw 3
surface. But according to M. Ollier it is quite possible toemploy large grafts containing 20, 30, or even 40 squarecentimetres by the use of which the wound heals withoutshowing any cicatricial characters, the skin preserving its ]natural appearance. M. Ollier cited as an example of this 1treatment the case of a patient living near Lyons whowas treated by this method for an extensive burn on the 1inner aspect of the leg. The injury had occurredmany years previously and the wound had assumed Ia malignant aspect, so that amputation of the leg (had been advised. After the site of the wound had been carefully scraped and cleansed eight grafts, containing 1from 20 to 25 centimetres of skin respectively, were applied. (All the grafts took and at the end of some weeks the raw isurface was replaced by real skin containing sweat-glands and hairs and in every way similar to normal skin. M. Ollier was struck by one thing, namely, the apparent increase inthe size of the grafts during the course of the healing of the (wound, whereas it is well known that they generally shrink. He attributed the apparent growth to the mobility of the (neighbouring parts, a mobility which caused tiraillments in every sense.
Radiography as a Means of Ceptifping the Existenceof Death. :
At the meeting of the Biological Society held onApril 23rd, M. Bougarde showed three photographs 1of the thorax, two of them from living persons andthe third from a corpse, all taken by the x-rays. In the two first the different thoracic organs and the (walls of the thorax itself exhibited a hazy outline, ]so that their limits could not be exactly made out. IThis, of course, was owing to the natural movements of theparts, the pulsations of the heart and the great vessels, andthe movements of the diaphragm. Even when the subjects 1held their breath so as to minimise movement as much aspossible the outlines were still hazy and the outline of thediaphragm was seen as a shadow varying in depth and ex- 1tending over the ninth and tenth intercostal spaces. The heart and great vessels were seen to occupy the centre of the chest as a dark oval mass, the shadow of which was dense in the centre and gradually faded away towards the periphery until the almost transparent lungs were reached. ]In the radiograph of the corpse, however, the appearance 1was quite different, for all the organs had sharp and well-defined edges.
’ ,
7Ae General Association of French Medical Practitioners. The General Association of French Medical Practitioners i
has just held a meeting in Paris at which several provincial. t
delegates proposed resolutions on behalf of the various bodies (
which they represented. The Soci6te de la Gironde recom- mended that in each Faculty instruction should be given iboth in medical ethics and in the departments of law which thave a bearing on medical practice. The Société de la Sarthe recommended that foreign medical men who had [
become naturalised should be required to serve in the army,the idea being that all medical men desiring to practise r
ought to be subject to the same military obligations, awhether they be French by birth or by naturalisation,
without any special exemption for the latter. Some recom-mendations made by the Society of Melun, Fontainebleau,and Provins and the Society of Algeria opened up ques-tions of reciprocity and led to a comparison of theprivileges accorded on the one hand to foreign medicalmen practising in France, and on the other hand toFrench medical men practising in foreign countries.Eventually a resolution was adopted to the effect thatla faculté d’emccrger aux budgets departementccux ou com.
munaux should be granted to foreign medical men only underexceptional circumstances. The Society of Vaucluse recom.mended that medical students should not serve in the armyuntil the completion of their curriculum and that they shouldpass a year as officers of the Army Medical Department; a.
concession on similar lines was also recommended for pupilsof the Eoole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures. Finally,the Societe de la Gironde recommended that the universitydegree of Doctor should not carry with it the right topractise medicine, but that doctors of medicine of Frenchnationality who had not been found guilty of any offenceshould have this right conferred on them by a jury ofmedical men not belonging to any teaching staff and pre-sided over by a professor of the Faculty. The scope of theexaminations conducted by this jury ought to includepractical knowledge, the state of the law in relation tomedicine, and medical ethics.
The Prophylaxis of Tuberculosis.At the meeting of the Academy of Medicine held on
May 3rd, M. Grancher read a report on the prophylaxis oftuberculosis, of which the following is a summary:-1. TheAcademy hereby confirms the resolutions arrived at in 1890which advised the following three measures of prophylaxis N(a) all sputum should be collected in a pocket spittoon orsome vessel containing solution of carbolic acid of a strengthof 5 per cent. or else a little water ; (&bgr;) to do away withsweeping for the removal of dust and to replace it as far aspossible by washing or rubbing over with a damp cloth; and(-y) to boil all milk before drinking it, whatever be its source.2. With reference to family practice the Academy recommendsto all medical men the continued application of these prophy-lactic measures from the time when tuberculosis is diagnosed,and also, if possible, to keep the disease quiescent by meansof an early diagnosis and proper treatment. 3. With regardto the army the Academy suggests that early cases of tuber-culosis in which the expectoration does not contain bacillishould be invalided temporarily, and permanently as soon asthe sputa are found to contain Koch’s bacilli. The Academymakes an appeal for the earnest cooperation of the militaryand hygienic authorities to see that the three measuresabove announced are carried out in every barrack. 4. Iothe case of schools, workshops, shops, &c., which have to bereached through the medium of those in charge, the Academycan only ask them to consider very earnestly the importanceof these hygienic questions and the very simple and easymethods which are quite sufficient to carry out a real pro-phylaxis against the extension of tuberculosis. 5. TheAcademy approves of the conclusions which the commissionappointed to examine into this question with regard to hos-pitals arrived at-that is to say (a) all tuberculous patientsshall be isolated in separate wards until separate sanatoriacan be provided for them ; (&bgr;) antisepsis shall be carried outboth in the tuberculous ward and the. general ward, especiallyby careful cleansing of the floors and the substitution ofwashing for sweeping ; (-y) the health of the general staffshould be improved by giving higher wages, by drawingthem from a better class, and by the grant of retiringpensions ; and (&dgr;) a staff of hospital sanitary officers oughtto be formed. 6. The Academy approves of the restrictionslaid down in the proposed Bill and of the new regulationswith regard to meat taken from tuberculous animals. Seizureand total destruction of this kind of meat will only beemployed in those cases, which are not very common, of of general tuberculosis and "fevered" meat. The use oftuberculin is strongly recommended to breeders and theelimination from the herd by means of the butcher of thoseanimals which only react slightly. 7. The Academy, wish-ing to mark the exceptional interest which it takes in seeingthe prophylactic measures against tuberculosis carried outcontinuously, has appointed a new and permanent commissionunder the name of the Commission of Prophylaxis againstTuberculosis, which will have for its objects the encourage-ment of, and cooperation with, any effort which may be madeagainst the dissemination of the tubercle bacillus.May 9th.
