PARASITOLOGY
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Transcript of PARASITOLOGY
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PARASITOLOGY
Prepared by : Reem Aldossari
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The Protozoa are the simplest and most primitive animals. They live either singly or in colonies. Some are parasitic. They are usually defined as "unicell ular" animals.
General characteristics
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Amoeba•Habitat: freshwater ponds.
•Means of locomotion: pseudopodia.
•Reproduction mechanism: asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts.
• Shape and characteristics: quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia.
Kingdom :ProtistaPhylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: SarcodinaGenus : AmoebaSpecies :Amoeba
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nucleus
Contractile vacuoleFood vacuoles
Ectoplasm
pseudopodia Endoplasm
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•Entamoeba histolytica: causes amoebic dysentery. Life cycle: •The trophozoite: feeding-dividing form) It has one pseudopodia).•Cyst: have 4 nuclei (infective stages(•Infective stage: Cyst. •Mode of infection: contamination of food and water with cyst.•Characteristic features: Cyst have 4 nuclei. Trophozoite have RBCs in their vacuoles.
Kingdom :Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica
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•Endamoeba coli: does not cause any known disease•Habitat: large intestine of human .•Characteristics: mature cysts have 8 nuclei
Entamoeba coli Kingdom :Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: Sarcodina Genus: Endamoeba Species: Endamoeba coli
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Kingdom :Protista Phylum : SarcomastigophoraSubphylum : MastigophoraClass : PhytomastigophoraGenus : Euglena
•Habitat: ponds and stagnant water.
•Characteristics: Green in colour (have chloroplasts)
•Means of locomotion: flagellum
•Repro duction: asexually by long itudinal binary fission and is able to form a cyst.
Euglena
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Flagellum
Eyespot
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Second flagellum
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Kingdom : ProtistaPhylum: CiliophoraGenus: Paramecium
Means of locomotion: cilia Habitat: freshwater
ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. Reproduction:
asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation .Characteristics: the
numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macro nucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduc tion).
Paramecium
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Kingdom : Protista Phylum: SarcomastigophoraSubphylum: MastigophoraClass: ZoomastigophoraGenus: TrypanosomaSpecies: gambiense Trypanosoma gambiense
Intermediate host: insect or leech Habitat in intermediate host: alimentary canal Definite host: human. Habitat in definite host: blood of manCauses the disease: sleeping sickness.Means of locomotion: flagellum.Feeding habits: absorbing the nutrient subs tances from the host.Reproduction: reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum.
Trypanosoma
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Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: SporozoaGenus: plasmodiumSpecies: Plasmodium malaria
Trophozoite: habitat: live intracellu larly in the blood corpuscles of its vertebrate host. Causes the disease: malaria fever to man. Vector: a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.
Plasmodium malariae
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•Ring stage•Trophozoite•Merzoites stage•Release of merozoites
Life cycle:
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Trophzoite stage
Release of merozoites
Ring stage
Macrogametocyte
Microgametocyte
Formation of Merozoites
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Under The microscope
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( Amoeba)األميبا Nucleusنواة- 1كاذبة- 2 Pseudopodiaأرجلغذائية- 3 Food vacuoleفجوة
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كوالي انتاميبا Entamoeba coli حوصلةالحويصلة- 1 Cyst Wallجدار
Nuclei 8-4أنوية( 4-8- )2
Cytoplasmسيتوبالزم- 3
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هستوليتكا انتاميبا Entamoeba histolytica حوصلةالحويصلة- 1 Cyst Wallجدار
Nuclei 4-1أنوية( 1-4- )2
Cytoplasmسيتوبالزم- 3اعدادT األستاذة/ أفراح الخريجي
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( Euglena)اليوجلينا Flagellumالسوط- 1
متقبضة- 2 Contractile vacuoleفجوة
Nucleusنواة- 3
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(Trypanosoma)التريبانوسوما حمراء- 1 دم Red blood cellكريات
Flagellumالسوط- 2
متموج- 3 Undulating membraneغشاء
Nucleusنواة- 4
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Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم الحلقي- 1 Ring Stageالطورحمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات
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Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم األميبي- 1 Amoeboid stageالطور
حمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات
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Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم 1 ) ( الميروزيتات- تكوين Schizonte(formation ofالشيزونت
merozoites)
حمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات
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Plasmodiumالبالزموديوم الميروزيتات- 1 Release of merozoitesإنطالقحمراء- 2 دم Red blood cellكريات
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(Paramecium)البراميسيوم Ciliaأهداب- 1
كبيرة- 2 macronucleusنواة
صغيرة- 3 micronucleusنواة
متقبضة- 4 Contractile vacuoleفجوة
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Thank you for attention