Paraphrasing

Do Now• In your notebook, list 3 ways you know that

you learned something.• Applying the strategy… doing well on tests• Being able to make connections of that

concept to other ideas/texts/previous knowledge• Being able to rephrase/summarize the idea in

my own words• Being able to teach someone

It is not memorization.

2/6/15

Objective

• Students will paraphrase the text to create an objective summary of the text in their own words.

Agenda

• Do Now• Note Taking:

Paraphrasing• Examples• Practice• Quiz

Step Purpose

Prior Knowledge You approach the "text" with your prior knowledge, which includes:• Previous experiences• Context• Texts read/academic content knowledge• Knowledge of conventions (genre, grammar, syntax)

Paraphrase PARAPHRASE: Put the “text” in your own words. NOTE: “Text” could be almost anything: words, pictures, or a situation.• Unpack vocabulary.• Unpack grammar/syntax.• INFER from idioms.

Ask Questions Ask questions based on paraphrasing/translation and your prior knowledge/skills.

Inferences Draw inferences in response to your questions, and support them with explanations. These interferences and explanations join your prior knowledge/skills.

Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing

Identical to the words found

Construct a passage in your own words and sentence structure

Put main ideas in your own words (only important ideas of source)

Other person’s idea and words

Attribute to original source Attribute to original source

Original

• Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

Original

• Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

Cited Paraphrase

• In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Quoted material should not take up more than ten percent of the research paper. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

Original

• Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

Summary

• Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper.

Paraphrase:

1. A restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording.

LOOK FORS:• Facts• In other words• According to the story/passage• What does this mean?• Paraphrase

Paraphrasing is “translating literally” or “putting something in your own words.” 

• Unpack vocabulary.• (Cred = Believe/ Credit – belief that someone will pay

you back)

• Unpack syntax and grammar • Syntax: Word Order• Grammar: set of rules for the organization of meaningful

elements into sentences

• Draw inferences from idioms.• “Cost me an arm and a leg”• “Drop in the bucket”

The Steps to Paraphrase

1. STEP 1: CIRCLE the words of phrases that you cannot or do not want to change.

• These words/phrases are crucial to the meaning of the passage and should not be changed because doing so would change that meaning. • Proper Nouns/Names

• Statistics/Specific Information

• Words that are unique or difficult to find a synonym for

The Steps to Paraphrase

It is important to figure out which words you want to CHANGE or KEEP.

• STEP 2: UNDERLINE the words or phrases that you know you CAN change.• Synonyms• Antonyms• Idioms

EXAMPLE

• ORIGINAL: Jimi Hendrix’s jacket, along with a mesmerizing

hoard of trinkets from rock’s glory days, were stuffed

haphazardly into every corner of the shop until last fall, when

rent increases forced the store to close.

• PARAPHRASED: Jimi Hendrix’s jacket and a fascinating

collection of trinkets from rock’s heyday were jammed

randomly throughout the store until last fall, when rent

increases made the owner shut down the business.