PRECISION APPROACH RADAR (PAR)

GROUND CONTROLLED APPROACH (GCA)

OPERATIONS

by “Moose”

OVERVIEW

BRIEFING ITEMS (Sample Airport RKJJ – GWANGJU

AB )

COCKPIT SETUP COMMUNICATIO

N PROCEDURESGCA

COMMANDSGCA FAILURE

CONTINGENCIES

PROFILE SUMMARY

APPROACH COMMUNICATIO

N SAMPLE

BRIEFING ITEMS (Sample Airport RKJJ –

GWANGJU AB )

Review RKJJ Approach Plate.

Note PAR and ASR minima,

MISSED APPROACH instructions for each runway.

BRIEFING ITEMS Sample Airport RKJJ

( GWANGJU AB )

Review descent angle Expected VGSI

(PAPI,VASI) Expected Approach

Lighting system Runway Length Expected Turnoff

Direction (HOLD SHORT OF PARALLEL RUNWAY ?)

COCKPIT SETUP Set CARA ALOW to

Approach Minima Charted Height Above

Touchdown (HAT) or Height Above Aerodrome (HAA) For Circling Minima

INSTRUMENT MODE SELECTOR AS APPROPRIATE (TACAN / NAV) (USE TAIL OF BEARING POINTER FOR

RADIAL AWARENESS)

DO NOT USE ILS IF ILS IS REPORTED INOP OR UNRELIABLE

NIGHT OPERATIONS – LANDING LIGHT OFF , STROBE OFF, NAV LIGHTS ON ( For reduced visibility approaches ).

COCKPIT SETUP

COMMUNICATIONS

INITIAL CONTACT WITH APPROACH CONTROL – AIRCRAFT POSITION CONFIRMED RELATIVE TO LANDING RUNWAY

LOST COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN (IF NOT PUBLISHED)

REQUIRED TO HEAR COMMS ONCE EVERY 30 SECONDS ON VECTORS TO FINAL AND ONCE EVERY 5 SECONDS WITH FINAL APPROACH CONTROLLER

MISSED APPROACH INSTRUCTIONS CONFIRMED

CURRENT WEATHER GIVEN TO PILOT

HANDED OFF TO GCA FINAL APPROACH CONTROLLER

1. “THIS IS THE GCA FINAL APPROACH CONTROLLER, HOW DO YOU READ?”

2. “I READ YOU LOUD AND CLEAR DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE FURTHER TRANSMISSIONS” (This is now a one way conversation till touchdown)

3. “APPROACHING GLIDEPATH, CHECK GEAR DOWN” ( BE AT FINAL APPROACH SPEED IN LANDING CONFIGURATION PRIOR TO DESCENT)

GCA COMMANDS

GLIDEPATH NOTIFICATIONAircraft will be advised when it is approaching glide path

(approximately 10 to 30 seconds before final descent)EXPECT TO HEAR : “APPROACHING GLIDEPATH, CHECK GEAR DOWN”

4. EXPECT TO HEAR “BEGIN DESCENT” WHEN ON THE GLIDEPATH (Lower FPM to charted descent angle – 3.0) in the HUD

IF HUD NOT AVAILABLE USE VERTICAL SPEED TO MAINTAIN THE DESIRED DESCENT ANGLE

For Example a 3.0 descent angle with Ground Speed of 180 kts would be 956 Feet per Min.

GCA COMMANDSPHRASEOLOGY

“HEADING”“ON GLIDEPATH”

“ON COURSE”or

“SLIGHTLY / WELL ABOVE / BELOW GLIDEPATH”“SLIGHTLY / WELL LEFT / RIGHT OF COURSE”

GCA COMMANDS

“Going above / below glide path”“Going right / left of course”

“Above / below glide path and coming down/up”“Above / below glide path and holding”

“Left / Right of course and holding/correction”

Trend information may be modified by the terms “RAPIDLY” or “SLOWLY” as appropriate.

TREND INFORMATION

GCA COMMANDS

DISTANCE FROM TOUCHDOWN

“(Number of miles) MILES FROM TOUCHDOWN”

AT DECISION HEIGHT

“AT DECISION HEIGHT”

OVER LANDING THRESHOLD

“OVER LANDING THRESHOLD”

DISCONTINUE APPROACH

Discontinue precision approach guidance when:1. In your opinion, continuation of a safe approach to the landing threshold is questionable.2. The aircraft passes over landing threshold.3. Report the runway/approach lights in sight and request to proceed visually. ( This is important as it will silence the GCA Controller and avoid unnecessary commands as you try and land the jet )

GCA COMMANDS

Pilots shall remain on final controller’s frequency untiltouchdown or otherwise instructed.

“CONTACT GWANGJU TOWER (frequency, if required) AFTER LANDING”

GCA FAILURE CONTINGENCIES

If the elevation portion of PAR equipment fails during aprecision approach:

GCA will advise to discontinue PAR instructions takeover visually or if unable, execute a missed approach

“NO GLIDEPATH INFORMATION AVAILABLE.IF RUNWAY, APPROACH / RUNWAY LIGHTS,

NOT IN SIGHT, EXECUTE MISSED APPROACH/(or alternative instructions)”

GCA FAILURE CONTINGENCIES

If Approach Surveillance Radar (ASR) approach is available, (PAR without glide

slope) is established for the same runway, Request an ASR approach.

ASR SAMPLE COMMUNICATION

Approach information when PAR azimuth used:“This will be a surveillance approach to runway three six.

Mileages will be from touchdown”or

“This will be a surveillance approach to runway three sixusing P_A_R azimuth. Mileage will be from touchdown”

Descent Instruction:

“ Five miles form touchdown, descend to your minimumdescent altitude / minimum altitude”

“Rocco 12, contact tower after landing “