Paperwork Stuff

• Does anyone still need to take the Chapter 13 test?

• HW check – 14-1 Reading Notes

14-1 Early Demands for Equality

Jim Crow Laws & Discrimination• Bottom of the economic ladder• Higher rates of poverty and illiteracy• Lower rates of homeownership and life expectancy• Voting in North – Not in South • few held public office

• Jim Crow Laws

• Strict separation of the races

• De jure segregation = imposed by law

• Plessy V Ferguson = separate but equal (1896)

• Most areas of public life = Schools, hospitals,

transportation, restaurants, cemeteries, beaches

• African Americans faced discrimination and segregation

• De facto segregation – by unwritten custom or tradition• Housing and

employment

• Asian Americans and Mexicans faced de facto segregation and sometimes legal restrictions

SEGREGATION AROUND THE NATION

De Facto Segregation De Jure Segregation

Sort the following, into either de facto or de jure segregation.

• Blacks sitting in the back of the bus• Separate water fountains• Separate cemeteries• Separate neighborhoods for blacks and white• Lower paying jobs• Black attend different schools• Black and white not able to play checkers together• Inter racial marriage

• Blacks sitting in the back of the bus• Separate neighborhoods for blacks and white• Lower paying jobs • Separate water fountains

• Separate cemeteries• Black attend different schools

• Black and white not able to play checkers together

• Inter racial marriage

Civil Rights Movement Grows

• 1942 CORE formed to end racial injustice• Non-violent methods to gain civil rights.• Protest against segregation in North

• 1945 returning soldiers unwilling to accept discrimination • 1947 Jackie Robinson joins the Brooklyn Dodgers• 1948 Truman desegregates the military

POSITIVES

-Racial violence erupts in the south

-Truman appoints a committee for race relations

-Fails to gain congress support-voting, anti lynching

NEGATIVES

Check Point

How did segregation affect the lives of African Americans?

Facilities were not “equal” and allowed to be run down. African Americans did not experience the same economic opportunities or prosperity that whites did.

A

Civil Rights stalled in the early 1950’s

NAACP –Civil Rights Organization◦ Goal: legally change

segregation◦ Thurgood Marshall

African American Lawyer Headed team

Brown v. Board of Education

Court Cases Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Separate but Equal

Sweatt v. Painter 1950 Texas had not equal all-black law schoolViolated Amendment 14

McLaurin v. OklahomaState Regents

Student not given equal assess to school facilities

SeparateNot Equal

Brown v. Board of Education Supreme court agreed segregated schools violated constitution

GOAL: to challenge “separate but equal”

No longer “Separate but equal”

Court backed integration

The Southern Manifesto ◦ Oppose Brown ruling through “all lawful means”

White Citizens Council◦ South would not be integrated

◦ Economic and political pressure against people who agreed with Brown ruling

Reaction to Brown v B.O.E

Civil Rights Act 1957 Eisenhower US Civil Rights Commission

◦ Investigate violations of civil rights

◦ Voting rights protected

◦ Did not help much

First civil rights bill passed since reconstruction

Conflict in Littlerock 1957

Nine young students enroll

Governor sent state national guard to not let students in

Federal Troops were sent in to escort the students for one year.

most southern states still resist desegregation

Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks refuses to give up seat to white man on bus

She worked closely with NAACP

She is arrested

The Montgomery Bus Boycott ◦ Object to segregation and Parks Arrest

◦ Stopped using public transportation

supposed to last for 1 day

King and the Bus Boycott Martin Luther King Jr. spoke to boycotters

◦ urged a non-violent protest Bus Boycott continues for a year!

Finally the Supreme Court rules law segregating buss’s was unconstitutional

SCLC SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership

Conference

◦ Created after the Bus Boycott

◦ Continued the civil rights struggle

◦ Made up of African American Ministers

◦ Nonviolent