Paper from Synthetic Fibers
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Transcript of Paper from Synthetic Fibers
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For batch or continuous weighing of solids or liquids For remote indication or continuous flow control With accuracy above 0.25% of range Highly sensitive, extremely rugged No springs, knife edges, or levers Unatfected by off-center loading on platform Unaffected by vibration
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WRITE FOR Catalog which gives complete details, engineering drawings, and calibration curves.
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TECHNOLOGY
Paper from Synthetic Fibers g l U H ν Laboratory work points to development of improved papers containing nylon, Orion, or other synthetics
iGKlN&COf 64-F Fulmor A v e .
N E W YORK.—Growing interest: is b e ing expressed in t he use of synthetic fibers in the manufacture of paper. T h e unusual properties of nylon polyamide fiber, Orion acrylic fiber, and Dacron polyester fiber, for example, indicate that these materials might be of considerable value in papermaking, according to James K. Hubbard , Franklin H . Koontz, and Robert A. A. Hentschel of Du Pont, reporting at the 40th annual meeting of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Synthetic fibers have shown outstanding resistance to corrosive chemicals, molds, bacteria, sunlight, heat, and moisture. They also have high strength, ilex endurance, and abrasion resistance.
Papers made from nylon, Dacron, and Orion are three to 10 times stronger than pulp or rag papers. Their high strength may make them especially use- > ful in heavy-duty b^.gs. Their stability in the presence of moisture may be of particular value in map and tracing papers, as well as for important records and documents where permanence is essential.
Exceptionally promising results have been achieved on a laboratory scale, they reported. Measured on pap-ers weighing about 60 pounds per TAPPI standard ream, papers made from synthetic fibers give tenacities ranging from 22 to 33 pounds per inch, elongation from 6 to 5 3 % , Elmendorf tear strength from 298 to 1228 grams, "bursting strength from f"7 to 207 pounds p e r square inch, and MIT fold endurance from 51,000 to 1 million cycles. Nylon papers have be sewn with, seam strengths equal to 40 to 1009^ of t h e base strength of the paper, depending on the way the seam is loaded.
Bonding of the fibers to one another is the critical step in the preparation of these papers. The fibers are usually bonded by such salts as calcium bromide, lithium bromide, calcium triio-cyanate, or specially formulated polyamide or polyester adhesives.
Insect-Resistant Paper . Cooperative research between the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Quartermaster Corps has led to a clear understanding of the important factors involved in the production of insect-resistant packaging materials, reported Hamilton Laudani and Dean F \ Davis of the Department of Agriculture. Protection against insects can be expected for 9 to 12 months with multiwalled
paper bags to which synergized pyrethrum has been applied on the outside ply. Lindane and methoxychlor also have value as insecticidal coatings.
Better insecticidal treatments will have to be found if textile bags are to be made insectproof for periods of more than 6 months. Currently available treatments for paper shipping boxes are not sufficiently effective.
The greater part of the protection provided by pyrethrum synergized with piperonyl butoxide can be explained on the basis of repellency rather than toxicity. The effectiveness of this treatment may be enhanced by the development of compounds that increase or extend the activity of synergized pyrethrum.
Insecticidal Coatings. Because of - insect infestation, millions of dollars
worth of food products have been condemned as unfit for human consumption by federal inspectors, declared Kenneth A. Arnold of St. Regis Paper. In flour products, the main infestations are in the grain during the milling process and through the package during shipping and storage. Notable progress has been made in treating the grain with nontoxic insecticides to prevent infestation at that point. Considerable advance has also been made in the development of insect repellent coatings for multiwall paper bags. Tests show that coverage of 5 mg. of pyrethrum and 50 mg. of piperonyl butoxide per square foot of paper provides effective protection against insect penetration.
W a t e r Acting on Cellulose. The effect of water on cellulose at 100° to 225° C. was outlined by B. B. Mithel, G. H. Webster, and W. H. Rapson of the University of Toronto. The material treated was highly purified wood cellulose containing 98.0% alpha-cellulose, which was exposed to heated distilled water for 4 hours.
No cellulose dissolved below 170° C , but some did at higher temperature ( 2 3 % at 209° C ) . Below 150° C , the alpha-cellulose content of the residue dropped only slightly (to 9 5 . 3 % at 135° C ) , bu t at higher temperatures it fell sharply (to 7.2% at 209° C ) . This rapid decline was accompanied by a rise in beta-cellulose (to 90.7% at 209° C ) , bu t relatively little gamma-cellulose appeared in the residue (2 .1% at 209° C ) . As the temperature was raised, the viscosity of the cellulose decreased, as did the p H of the liquor.
9 5 6 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S
W/C Weiqhinq Scale PNEUMATIC-PLATFORM TYPE
For process control