Paper 2_Strengthening rice breeding program.pdf

7/22/2019 Paper 2_Strengthening rice breeding program.pdf

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MALAYSIA AND FOOD SECURITY ASSURANCE:STRENGTHENING RICE BREEDING PROGRAM

Prof. Dr. Mohamad bin OsmanFaculty of Plantation and AgrotechnologyUniversiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam

Plenary Technical Session ofASEAN Regional Conference on Food Security (ARCoFS)

8-10 October 2013, Penang, Malaysia


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O. MOHAMAD1, O. SUHAIMI2, K. HADZIM3, andA. G. MOHAMAD BAHAGIA4

1Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus,Kelantan

3Former Rice Breeder with MARDI Rice Research Centre, Seberang Perai, Penang,Malaysia & Former Consultant to BERNAS

4

MARDI Rice and Industrial Crops Research Center, Seberang Perai, Penang,Malaysia


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MALAYSIAN SCENARIO

Rice is the worlds most important food crop and aprimary source of food for more than halfof the worldspopulation

More than 90% of the worlds rice is grown andconsumed in Asia where 60% of the earths people live

Rice accounts for 35-75% of the calories consumed bymore than 3 billion Asians

It is planted to about 154 million hectares annually or onabout 11% of the worlds cultivated land


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MALAYSIAN SCENARIO

Rice being the staple food, therefore a strategic crop

Focuses on sustainability of rice production to meetthe demand for increasing population

Requirement is to be at least 70% self-sufficiency

To meet increasing demand of the future, thegovernment provides allocation for R&D

The most significant approaches being developmentof new varieties


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RICE YIELDS

Potential attaining 12t/ha

The current average granary yield is 5-6 t/ha(at a heavy cost)

0

5

10

15

Potential yield

Actual yield


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INCREASING THE YIELD POTENTIAL OF RICE

Various strategies for increasing the yield potential of rice

includes

1) Conventional hybridization and selection procedures

2) Ideotype breeding

3) Hybrid rice breeding

4) Wide hybridization

5) Genetic engineering


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EPP 10:Strengthening Productivity of Paddy Farming in MADA

No. Projects

1 Breeding of inbred and hybrid rice varieties

2 Agronomic package for inbred and hybrid ricecultivation

3 Pest and disease management

4 Postharvest management

5 Water management and field mechanization


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RICE VARIETIES RELEASED, 1964-2005


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RICE VARIETIES RECENTLY RELEASED

Varieties Year Resistance genes

MR 232 2006 Blast, BLB, ShB

MR 220CL1 2010 Blast, BLB, PMV, shorter maturityMR 220CL2 2010 Blast, BLB, PMV

MR 253 2010 Blast, Panicle blast, BLB, BPH, PMV

MR 263 2010 Blast, BLB, BPH

MR 269 2012 Blast, BLB


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RICE IDEOTYPE BREEDING


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0

2

4

6

8

10

1986

1964

2005

Direct-seeding

Rice yield (t/ha)


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100

110

120

130140

150

1964

1965

1966

1968

1972

1973

1974

1974

1979

1979

1979

1981

1984

1984

1984

1985

1986

1988

1990

1990

1991

1991

1995

1995

1997

1999

2001

2005

2006

2010

2010

2012

Off-season

Main-season

Maturation period (Days)


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Resistance genes for major P&D


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RICE VARIETIES RELEASED REACTION TOBLB

Source: Saad & Habibuddin (2010)


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BREEDING METHODS FOR RICE

Conventional Breeding

Non-Conventional Breeding

Should be well-grounded

Should be consolidated

Should achieve realistic long-term goals


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BREEDING METHODS IN PRACTICE

Many researchers and breeders have been takingadvantage of advanced high-tech techniques inbiotechnology as a tool to considerably enhance theirresearch and breeding capability

Trends show that these biotech techniques tend todominate in many ways in terms of human resourcesand funding at the expense of conventional plantbreeding.

Conventional plant breeding is less effective than

modern approaches ? This should not be the case and should be urgently

readdressed.

MALAYSIAN SCENARIO


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READDRESSING BREEDING METHODS

After so many years, we are still struggling on how to integrateand streamline these expertise and tools into appropriateintegrated rice breeding at national level.

How do we balance the allocation of resources betweenconventional and modern approaches?

Conventional breeding methods are battle-tested

High-tech methodologies yet to be proven

Both approaches play important roles in their own specific areas

Both approaches complement each other in simplifying to tacklethe hurdles posed in recombining both qualitative andquantitative traits to ensure food sufficiency

MALAYSIAN SCENARIO


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ISSUES RELATED TO RICE BREEDING

Policy dictates that it has been to improve income and welfareof rice farmers

Multi-disciplinary approach has prevailed until sometime

in mid 1990s Afterwards the philosophy of rice breeding began to erode

e.g. Maintenance breeding

Importance to of rice quality -- we began to tackle thissometime in early 1980s

Coincided with the beginning of directseeded rice culture


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ISSUES RELATED TO RICE BREEDING

Coincided with the end of the era of the Green Revolution,when almost all the rice genetic resources from all cornersof the rice growing world have been collected

e.g. the problem is in the utilization of these rich genetic

resources versus the plant variety protection

Should consider the task as full of failures and raresuccess

We have five decades of learning curve and thetransformation to modernize our rice culture has yet to becompleted


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WAKE UP CALL

April 2008 rice shortage crisis has been a blessing indisguise

It has wakened us up from decades of complacency

Conventional rice breeders belong to a dying breed

The older generation of rice breeders needs to pass thebaton to our younger generation of rice breeders

The younger generation must be prepared to earnestlylearn for the sake of continuity of efforts


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NEED TO STRENGTHEN RICE BREEDING

It is with such backdrop that strengthening rice breedingprograms becomes a highly important topic

Rice breeders must not be overly confident that ricebreeding is easy

It is indeed very complex task

It is perhaps because of such complexities that UN/FAO haddecided that Year 2004 be declared as Year of Rice with thetheme Rice is Life


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Sustainable, resourceful and comprehensive rice breedingprograms is therefore highly timely

More well-trained, dedicated and experienced rice breedersare needed to ensure effective rice breeding programs areup and running

Conventional rice breeder MUST take the DRIVER SEAT

It is imperativefor our country, our future generations and

humanity as a whole


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hank You

Paper 2_Strengthening rice breeding program.pdf

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