Pancreas Two cell types to produce: 1. digestive enzymes – exocrine acini 2. hormones – islets...
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Transcript of Pancreas Two cell types to produce: 1. digestive enzymes – exocrine acini 2. hormones – islets...
Blood Sugar Regulation
Pancreas
Pancreas
PancreasTwo cell types to produce:
1. digestive enzymes – exocrine acini
2. hormones – islets of Langerhans
1 – 2% of pancreas are the islets of Langerhans
Islets of LangerhansTwo hormones are produced:
1. insulin – beta cells
2. glucagon – alpha cells
blue = cell nucleigreen = insulinred = glucagon
Insulin FunctionWhen is insulin released? after eating
hyperglycemia
beta cellscellular signals for
insulin releasedecreased blood
sugar
increased glucose uptake
glycogen production in liver
Glucagon FunctionWhat does glucagon do? breaks down glycogen
hypoglycemia
alpha cellscellular signals for glucagon release
increased blood sugar
glucose release from liver
glucose production in liver
Blood Sugar DiseasesThree types of diabetes:
1. Diabetes Mellitus - Type 1
2. Diabetes Mellitus - Type 2
3. Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Mellitus – Type Ialso known as juvenile diabetes
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus – Type IIformerly known as adult-onset diabetes
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Diabetes InsipidusCause
Symptoms
Treatment
Canadian ConnectionFrederick Banting & Charles
BestNobel Prize – 1923insulin isolation
tied off ducts to digestive tract
cell producing digestive enzymes shrivelled
only islets of Langerhans remained
Hormone StructureInsulin
peptide hormone
glucagonpeptide hormone
Stress Regulation
Adrenal Glands
adrenal – “next to” the renal system
Two main sections:
1. adrenal cortex long-term stress
2. adrenal medulla short-term stress
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal CortexLong-term stress sends ACTH (adrenocorticotropic
hormone)
pituitary adrenal cortex
Produces two types of hormones:1. glucocorticoids2. mineralcorticoids
ACTH
1. Glucocorticoidsclass of steroid hormones for glucose regulationspecific example: cortisol
What happens when you’re stressed out?
2. Mineralcorticoidsclass of steroid hormones for mineral regulationspecific example: aldosterone
What happens when you’re stressed out?
Adrenal MedullaShort-term stress detected by hypothalamus
Produces two hormones:
1. epinephrine (adrenaline)
2. norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
both compounds are examples of catecholamines, which are also neurotransmitters
Hormone Structuresepinephrine
hydrophilic
norepinephrinehydrophilic
Flight-or-Fight Response
What’s your response?increased heart rateincreased breathingblood vessel dilation more O2 deliveryiris dilation collect maximum visual
information
these responses are induced by catecholamine release