PALS Algorithm - Bradycardia and Tachycardia 2016 · 2016-11-30 · Title: Microsoft Word - PALS...

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PULSE PULSE BRADYCARDIA TACHYCARDIA Identify and Treat underlying cause A maintain patent airway B assist breathing C Oxygenate, cardiac monitors, NIBP, Oximetry, IV/IO, 12Lead ECG Don't delay therapy D LOC, GCS, AVPU E Expose pt, Temp 2 112016 Edition Consider Probable Causes H & T’s Hypoxemia Hypovolemia Hyper & Hypokalemia H (Acidosis) Hypothermia Hypoglycemia Tension Pneumothorax Tamponade, Cardiac Toxins Thrombosis, Pulmonary Thrombosis, Coronary Trauma Cardiopulmonary compromise continues? Hypotension ALOC Signs of Shock 4 3a 3b 4a 3 2 Based on AHA PALS 2015 Guidelines NO Support ABCs Give oxygen Observe Consider Expert Consultation EPINEPHRINE 0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg of 1:10,000 concentration) Give every 35 mins. ATROPINE 0.02 mg/kg May repeat once Min. dose 0.1 mg Max. dose 0.5 mg TCP (TRANSCUTANEOUS PACING) Demand Mode, 6070 ppm, 23 mV or 2030 mA Treat underlying Causes (H/Ts) START CPR YES 4b 5 6 Narrow QRS: (SVT) Wide QRS: (VT) Narrow QRS: Vagal Maneuvers without delay Wide QRS: may consider Adenosine if regular and QRS is monomorphic. Expert consultation. Give Amiodarone or Procainamide NO SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION 0.5 – 1 Joule/kg Max. 2 Joules/kg Sedate if needed but don’t delay Cardioversion YES Secondary Assessment S.A.M.P.L.E. S.A.M.P.L.E. Bradycardia Persists? If pulseless arrest develops, go to Cardiac Arrest Algorithm 1 p. 48 Cardiopulmonary compromise continues? Hypotension ALOC Signs of Shock ADENOSINE 1st dose: 0.1 mg/kg RIVP (max: 6 mg) 2nd dose: 0.2 mg/kg RIVP (max: 12 mg) AMIODARONE 5 mg/kg IV/IO given >2060 mins. diluted in D5W 100250 mL PROCAINAMIDE 15 mg/kg IV/IO over 3060 mins. Do not routinely give with Amiodarone Treat underlying causes Infants: ≥ 220; Children: ≥180 www.HeartStartSkills.com p. 272 p. 268

Transcript of PALS Algorithm - Bradycardia and Tachycardia 2016 · 2016-11-30 · Title: Microsoft Word - PALS...

Page 1: PALS Algorithm - Bradycardia and Tachycardia 2016 · 2016-11-30 · Title: Microsoft Word - PALS Algorithm - Bradycardia and Tachycardia 2016.doc Author: HeartStart Skills Created

    PULSEPULSE    

BRADYCARDIA   TACHYCARDIA  Identify  and  Treat  underlying  cause  

• A  -­‐  maintain  patent  airway  

• B  -­‐  assist  breathing  • C  -­‐  Oxygenate,    cardiac  monitors,    NIBP,  Oximetry,  IV/IO,  12-­‐Lead  ECG  Don't  delay  therapy  

• D  -­‐  LOC,  GCS,  AVPU  • E  -­‐  Expose  pt,  Temp  

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2  

11-­‐2016  Edition  

Consider  Probable  Causes  H  &  T’s  

• Hypoxemia  • Hypovolemia  • Hyper  &  Hypokalemia  • H  (Acidosis)  • Hypothermia  • Hypoglycemia  • Tension  Pneumothorax  • Tamponade,  Cardiac  • Toxins  • Thrombosis,  Pulmonary  • Thrombosis,  Coronary  • Trauma  

Cardiopulmonary  compromise  continues?  

• Hypotension  • ALOC  • Signs  of  Shock  

4  

3a   3b  

4a  

3  2  

Based  on  AHA  PALS  2015  Guidelines  

NO  

• Support  ABCs  • Give  oxygen  • Observe  • Consider  Expert  Consultation  

EPINEPHRINE  0.01  mg/kg    

(0.1  mL/kg  of  1:10,000  concentration)    

Give  every  3-­‐5  mins.    

ATROPINE  0.02  mg/kg    

May  repeat  once  Min.  dose  0.1  mg  Max.  dose  0.5  mg  

 

TCP    (TRANSCUTANEOUS  PACING)  Demand  Mode,  60-­‐70  ppm,    

2-­‐3  mV  or  20-­‐30  mA    

Treat  underlying  Causes  (H/Ts)  

 

START  CPR  

YES  

4b  

5  

6  

   

Narrow  QRS:  (SVT)    

Wide  QRS:  (VT)    

Narrow  QRS:  Vagal  Maneuvers    without  delay  

 

Wide  QRS:  may  consider  Adenosine  if  regular  and  QRS  is  monomorphic.  Expert  consultation.  

Give  Amiodarone  or  Procainamide  

NO  

SYNCHRONIZED    CARDIOVERSION  0.5  –  1  Joule/kg  Max.  2  Joules/kg  

Sedate  if  needed  but  don’t  delay  Cardioversion  

YES  

Secondary  Assessment  

S.A.M.P.L.E.S.A.M.P.L.E.    Bradycardia  Persists?  

 

If  pulseless  arrest  develops,  go  to  Cardiac  Arrest  Algorithm  

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Cardiopulmonary  compromise  continues?  

• Hypotension  • ALOC  • Signs  of  Shock  

ADENOSINE  1st  dose:  0.1  mg/kg  RIVP  (max:  6  mg)  2nd  dose:  0.2  mg/kg  RIVP  (max:  12  mg)  

 

AMIODARONE  5  mg/kg  IV/IO  given  >20-­‐60  mins.  

diluted  in  D5W  100-­‐250  mL    

PROCAINAMIDE  15  mg/kg  IV/IO  over  30-­‐60  mins.    Do  not  routinely  give  with  Amiodarone  

 

Treat  underlying  causes    

 

Infants:  ≥  220;  Children:  ≥180  

www.HeartStartSkills.com  

p.  272  p.  268  

Page 2: PALS Algorithm - Bradycardia and Tachycardia 2016 · 2016-11-30 · Title: Microsoft Word - PALS Algorithm - Bradycardia and Tachycardia 2016.doc Author: HeartStart Skills Created

  PULSELESS  

VF/pVT   PEA/ASYSTOLE  

Defibrillate  2-­‐4  J/kg  max.  of  10  J/kg  

2  min.  CPR  A M I O D A R O NA M I O D A R O N

EE 5  mg/kg  IV/IO  bolus    May  repeat  2  times  for  refractory  VF/pVT  

Treat  H  &  T’s  

2  min.  CPR  Treat  Reversible  Causes  Consider  advanced  airway  

YES  

SHOCKABLE?  

NO  

Is  the  rhythm  shockable?  

NO  YES  

PALS  Systematic  Approach  

PRIMARY  ASSESSMENT  A.B.C.D.EA.B.C.D.E ..    

Airway:  Keep  airway  patent  -­‐ Position,  Suction,  OPA/NPA  Breathing:  Support  Breathing  -­‐ Rescue  Breaths:  1:3-­‐5  sec  (12-­‐20/min)  -­‐ Cardiac  Arrest  with  ETT:    1:6  sec.  (10/min)  

unsynchronized  with  compressions  Circulation:  IV/IO,  Monitors,  Bolus,  Meds,  Shock,  Compress  

  Keep  O2Sat  >94-­‐99%     PETCO2  >  35-­‐40  mm  Hg  Disability:  LOC,  AVPU,  GCS,  PERRLA  Exposure:  Temp,  Signs  of  Trauma  

START  CPR  (CAB)  RATE:     100-­‐120  per  minute  DEPTH:     Infant  1  ½  inches  (4  cm)     Child  2  inches  (5  cm)  RECOIL:   Allows  refilling  for  

reperfusion  Compression  to  Breaths  Ratio:  

1-­‐Rescuer:  30:2  (5  cycles  in  2  minutes)  

2-­‐Rescuers:  15:2  (10  cycles  in  2  minutes)  

 

Intervene  

2  min.  CPR   Start IV/IO Start IV/IO

accessaccess  

www.HeartStartSkills.com  11/2016  Edition  

BLS  p.  80  

p.  32  

NO  

NO   YES  

INITIAL  IMPRESSION  -­‐ Check  for  Scene  Safety  A  -­‐  Appearance  B  -­‐  Breathing  (WOB)  C  -­‐  Circulation  (Color)    

Unresponsive?  

YES  

Activate  Code/EMS  

Check  Breathing  &  Pulses  5-­‐10  sec.  Infant:  Brachial            Child:  Carotid  

Evaluate  

Identify  

p.  89  

START  CPR  

SHOCKABLE?  

2  min.  CPR  E P I N E P H R IE P I N E P H R I

N EN E  0.01  mg/kg  

(0.1  mL/kg  1:10,000  Concentration)    

Give  every  3-­‐5  mins.  

2  min.  CPR   Start IV/Start IV/ IO IO

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E P I N E P H RE P I N E P H R

I N EI N E  0.01  mg/kg  

(0.1  mL/kg  1:10,000  Concentration)    

Give  every  3-­‐5  mins.    

NO  

YES  

NO   ROSC  p.  290-­‐298  Optimize  ventilation  and  Oxygenation  -­‐  O2Sat  >94-­‐99%,  PETCO2  35-­‐40  mm  Hg  Assess  for  and  Treat  persistent  Shock  -­‐  Bolus,  Fluid  maintenance,  Vasopressors  Correct  H/Ts,  BG,  fever,  &  Shock  If  ALOC  maintain  Targeted  Temp.  Mgt.  -­‐  Out-­‐of-­‐hospital  cardiac  arrest:  5  days  of  normothermia  36-­‐37.5°  C  or  2  days  of  hypothermia  32-­‐34°  C  followed  by  3  days  of  normothermia  

YES   SHOCKABLE?  

SECONDARY  ASSESSMENT  S.A.M.P.L.E.  

Signs  &  Symptoms,  Allergies,  Medications,  Past  Medical  History,  Last  Meal/Fluids  Taken,  Events  

Leading  

DIAGNOSTIC  ASSESSMENT  Laboratory  and  Radiological  Studies  

Hypotensive  Shock  -­‐  Epinephrine  0.1-­‐1  mcg/kg  per  min  -­‐  Dopamine  10-­‐20  mcg/kg  per  min  -­‐  Norepinephrine  0.1-­‐2  mcg/kg  per  min  Normotensive  Shock  -­‐  Dobutamine  2-­‐20  mcg/kg  per  min  -­‐  Dopamine  2-­‐20  mcg/kg  per  min  -­‐  Epinephrine  0.1-­‐0.3  mg/kg  per  min  -­‐  Milrinone  Load:  50  mcg/kg  over  10-­‐60  mins;  Infuse:  5-­‐10  mcg/kg  per  min  

-­‐  Inamrinone  Load:  0.75-­‐1  mg/kg  over  5  mins;  Infuse  5-­‐10  mcg/kg  per  min  

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p.  32  

p.  36  

p.  60  

p.  62  

Primary Assessment Secondary Assessment Diagnostic Assessment

Based  on  AHA  2016  PALS  Guidelines  For  Study  Guide  Only  

1  

3  

2  

4  

6  

5  

7  

8  

9  

10  

11  

Go  to  Box  10  or  11    ROSC?  

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