PalmaActiva - Plan Estratégico 2012-2015

5/13/2018 PalmaActiva - Plan Estratégico 2012-2015 - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/palmaactiva-plan-estrategico-2012-2015 1/190



YnjcnNd{lvn7 Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2* bmbq` 19>1

Bkl{n* kltbþn | cn~rb{n7 YnjcnNd{lvn* Neèmdln kb Kbtbmv`jryncbm{ J`dnj kb j“Ngrm{ncbm{ kb Ynjcn



ÃMKLDB

Yqbtbm{ndlôm- 9 …------ 6

D`m{bx{` ej`anj | klnemôt{ld`- > …------ 8

Qb{`t kb jn bd`m`cãn | bj bcyjb` bm Brq`yn >-> …----------------- <

Ybqtybd{lvnt cndq`bd`môcldnt | cbklknt kb qbf`qcn bm Btynþn >-1 ……………------ >4

Bj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj | bj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` bm Anjbnqbt | Ynjcn kb Cnjj`qdn >-4 ……--…………- >6

[bmkbmdlnt kbc`eqîfldnt …………---………-- >5

Bv`jrdlôm bd`môcldn | kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj……………………… 19

Bj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` bm Anjbnqbt | Ynjcn kb Cnjj`qdn……………………… 41

J`t gôvbmbt* rm d`jbd{lv` vrjmbqnajb……………………… ;9

Jnt `dryndl`mbt kbj fr{rq`……………………… ;;

Klnemôt{ld` kb jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb kbtnqq`jj` kb Ynjcn kb Cnjj`qdn >-; …----------------- ;5

Grt{lfldndlôm kbj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld`- 1 ………- 21

Cnqd` d`cyb{bmdlnj kb jnt Nebmdlnt kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj 1-> ……………-…-- 24

Cnqd` jbenj d`m{bcyjnk` bm jn qbknddlôm kbj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 1-1 ………-………-- 25

D``qklmndlôm lmt{l{rdl`mnj | d`m nebm{bt bd`môcld`t 1-4 ………-………… 28

YnjcnNd{lvn7 Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj- 4 ………- 61

Dncal`t qbjbvnm{bt 4-> …………-……-- 64

Vltlôm* cltlôm | d`cyq`clt`t 4-1 ……-…--………-- 66

Bt{qrd{rqn bcyqbtnqlnj 4-4 ……-…………-- 65

Kbtyjlberb kbj yjnm- ; ………- 59

Yqlmdlyl`t | vltlôm bt{qn{ìeldn ;-> ………-………-- 5>

@agb{lv`t kbj yjnm bt{qn{ìeld` ;-1 ………--………- 81



@>7 Lcyrjtnq bj nr{`bcyjb` | jn dqbndlôm | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt………--………- 86

JB 7 >-> F`cbm{nq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q……………-…--………- 86

JB7 >-1 @fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{`* qbdrqt`t* lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt | fndljl{nq j`t {qîcl{bt n nr{ôm`c`t |

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt………………---………- <9

JB 7 >-4 N|rknq n jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt | cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk | yq`krd{lvlknk

d`cbqdlnj…………………………- <8

JB7 >-; Ny`t{nq y`q jn dnjlknk* jn lmm`vndlôm | j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt kb jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj………--………- >96

@17 Klmnclwnq | qbvl{njlwnq bj d`cbqdl` | tbd{`q tbqvldl`t………--………- >1>

JB7 1-> Lmdbm{lvnq jn vlkn t`dlnj | bd`môcldn kb jn dlrknk fnv`qbdlbmk` jnt vbm{nt d`cbqdlnjbt………--………- >1>

JB7 1-1 Ebmbqnq rm bm{`qm` rqanm` jlcyl`* tberq` | n{qnd{lv` bm jnt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt………--………- >16

JB7 1-4 Y`{bmdlnq jn ynq{ldlyndlôm* jn d`jna`qndlôm | bj d`mtbmt` bm bj tbd{`q kbj d`cbqdl`………--………- >4>

@17 Y`{bmdlnq jn bcyjbnaljlknk kb jnt ybqt`mnt b lmdbm{lvnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj………--………- >44

JB7 4-> Nkbdrnq jn `fbq{n kb f`qcndlôm `dryndl`mnj n jnt mbdbtlknkbt qbnjbt kbj {bglk` yq`krd{lv`………--………- >44

JB7 4-1 Lcyrjtnq bm{qb j`t gôvbmbt jn qbnjlwndlôm kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt bm bcyqbtnt yqlvnknt b

Lmt{l{rdl`mbt y÷ajldnt………--………- >45

JB7 4-4 F`cbm{nq jn drnjlfldndlôm | cbg`qn d`cyb{bmdlnj………--………- >;9

JB7 4-; Yq`c`vbq jn r{ljlwndlôm | f`qcndlôm bm Mrbvnt [bdm`j`eãnt………--………- >;1

JB7 4-2 Fndljl{nq jn lm{bqcbklndlôm bm{qb `fbq{nm{bt | kbcnmknm{bt kb bcyjb`………--………- >;6

JB7 4-6 N|rknq | `fqbdbq qbdrqt`t ynqn y`{bmdlnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj………--………- >2;

JB7 4-5 Ebmbqnq mrbvnt hbqqnclbm{nt* yq`dbklclbm{`t | yq`|bd{`t bmdnclmnk`t n jn Lmm`vndlôm | bj

kbtnqq`jj` bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb`………--………- >64

Drnkq` qbtrcbm kbj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld`- 2 ………- >62

Dnjbmknql` kb nd{rndl`mbt 19>1#19>2- 6 ………- >58

Yqbtryrbt{` 19>1- 5 ………- >81

Nmbx`- 8 ………- >86



Yqbtbm{ndlôm D`m bj yqbtbm{b k`drcbm{` yqbtbm{nc`t bj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2 kb YnjcnNd{lvn*

Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn | n jn vbw knc`t lmldl` n rmn

mrbvn b{nyn kb bt{b `qenmltc` crmldlynj-

Kbtkb ~rb {`cnc`t y`tbtlôm kb j`t dnqe`t hn tlk` yql`qlknk kbj b~rly` kb eàlbqm`*

kbtnqq`jjnq y`jã{ldnt klqlelknt n jn qbnd{lvndlôm bd`môcldn kb Ynjcn fndljl{nmk` jn dqbndlôm

kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang`-

Bj yqbtbm{b yjnm yqb{bmkb tbqvlq kb lmt{qrcbm{` ynqn erlnq jnt y`jã{ldnt bm cn{bqln kb

`dryndlôm | yq`c`dlôm bd`môcldn kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn- Y`q bjj` cnqdn rm`t

àgb{lv`t djnq`t* rmnt jãmbnt bt{qn{ìeldnt n tberlq | j`t yqlmdlynjbt yq`|bd{`t | nddl`mbt n

kbtnqq`jjnq-

Bt rm yjnm klmîcld` | fjbxlajb ~rb ybqcl{lqî nþnklq |/` c`klfldnq nd{rndl`mbt {bmlbmk` bm

drbm{n jnt ny`q{ndl`mbt kb klfbqbm{bt nebm{bt | bm{lknkbt* tlbcyqb bm antb n j`t

yqbtryrbt{`t nmrnjbt-

Kbtkb bt{b c`cbm{` lmldlnc`t rmn mrbvn b{nyn kb bt{b `qenmltc` d`mvlq{lìmk`m`t bm jn

Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kbj N|rm{nclbm{` Ynjcn ~rb lcyrjtnqî bj dqbdlclbm{`bd`môcld` t`t{bmlajb b lm{beqnk`q kb mrbt{qn dlrknk* f`cbm{nmk` jn dqbndlôm |

d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt* jn dnyndl{ndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj | bj bcyjb` kb dnjlknk kbtkb jn

d``ybqndlôm y÷ajld`#yqlvnkn | jn yq`xlclknk n jn dlrknknmãn-

Btybqnc`t ~rb nj ndnanq bt{b ybqã`k` 19>1#19>2 YnjcnNd{lvn yrbkn tbn qbd`m`dlkn

d`c` rmn bm{lknk crmldlynj d`m tbqvldl`t yqôxlc`t n jn dlrknknmãn dbm{qnk`t bm trt

mbdbtlknkbt* bgb kb ny`|` ynqn jn d``ybqndlôm d`m j`t nebm{bt bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt* d`m

rm c`kbj` kb ebt{lôm bfldlbm{b b lmm`vnk`q | d`m yq`fbtl`mnjbt lcyjldnk`t-

Neqnkbdbc`t bj btfrbqw` kb {`k` bj b~rly` hrcnm` ~rb hn {qnangnk` bm jn bjna`qndlôm kb

bt{b k`drcbm{` | jn lcyjldndlôm ~rb {lbmbm {`k`t j`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb bt{b `qenmltc`ynqn jèqnq j`t àgb{lv`t ~rb n~rã m`t cnqdnc`t-

Ntrclc`t bj {qnang` ~rb {bmbc`t y`q kbjnm{b* bj b~rly` kb eàlbqm` bt d`mtdlbm{b* nj

lernj ~rb bj qbt{` kb nebm{bt bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt* kb jn tl{rndlôm n jn ~rb hndbc`t

fqbm{b* {`k`t grm{`t nfq`m{nc`t bj qb{` kb d`mtberlq rmn Ynjcn d`m cn|`qbt y`tlaljlknkbt

kb `dryndlôm | yq`fbtl`mnjlwndlôm* rmn Ynjcn cît bcyqbmkbk`qn b lmm`vnk`qn* d`m

cn|`qbt {ntnt kb `dryndlôm | rmn yàjndlôm cît yq`fbtl`mnjlwnkn* bm kbflml{lvn* rmn

Ynjcn cît Nd{lvn-

Cn{b` Ltbqm Bt{bjn

Njdnjkb kb Ynjcn



Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2 YnjcnNd{lvn

5 z

D`m{bx{` ejànj| klnemôt{ld`

Bm{bmkbq j`t dncal`t ~rb tb nvbdlmnm bm bj îcal{` m` tôj` btynþ`j tlm` brq`yb` |

crmklnj bt lcyqbtdlmklajb ynqn n tr vbw d`cyqbmkbq bj njdnmdb kb jn tl{rndlôm klnemôt{ldn

kb Ynjcn | bt{lcnq jnt {bmkbmdlnt kb fr{rq` kb tr bd`m`cãn | cbqdnk` jna`qnj-

Jn Nebmkn kb Jlta`n>

|n nkvbq{ãn bm bj nþ` 1999 ~rb Brq`yn kbabqî nfq`m{nq lcy`q{nm{bt

{qnmtf`qcndl`mbt nt`dlnknt nj dncal` djlcî{ld`* n jn ejànjlwndlôm* nj kbtnqq`jj` kb jnt

mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt* n jn cleqndlôm | nj bmvbgbdlclbm{` kb jn yàjndlôm* bm{qb {qnt- Nh`qn*

nkbcît* jn dqltlt bd`môcldn hn tndnk` n jn jrw jn mbdbtlknk kb ntrclq lcy`q{nm{bt dncal`t

bt{qrd{rqnjbt bm jn bd`m`cãn | bj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` tl Brq`yn ~rlbqb cnm{bmbq tr

d`cyb{l{lvlknk crmklnj | tberlq kltfqr{nmk` kb tr nyqbdlnk` tlt{bcn kb albmbt{nq t`dlnj-

D`c` ynãt clbcaq` kb jn RB* Btynþn {ncalìm kbab d`cyq`cb{bqtb bm rmn h`gn kb qr{n

~rb {qnangb y`q bj dqbdlclbm{` kb rmn bd`m`cãn lm{bjlebm{b* t`t{bmlajb b lm{beqnk`qn*

d`c` yq`y`mb jn D`cltlôm Brq`ybn-

> Nebmkn [qn{nk kb Jlta`n* nyqànkn y`q bj D`mtbg` Brq`yb` bj 14 | 1; kb cnqw` kb 1999-



YnjcnNd{lvn Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2

z 8

>->- Qb{ t kb jn bd`m`cãn | bj bcyjb bm Brq yn

Tbe÷m qbd`m`db jn D`cltlôm Brq`ybn bm tr mrbvn bt{qn{beln ynqn bj dqbdlclbm{` Brq`yn 19191* jn qbdlbm{b

dqltlt bd`môcldn hn yrbt{` bm bvlkbmdln jnt kbfldlbmdlnt bt{qrd{rqnjbt kb jn Rmlôm Brq`ybn | hn d`cyjldnk` bm

bx{qbc` jn {nqbn kb enqnm{lwnq bj fr{rq` dqbdlclbm{` bd`môcld`- Tnjlq kb jn dqltlt bt bj qb{` lmcbkln{`* ybq`

d`qqlelbmk` nj {lbcy` j`t îcal{`t bm j`t ~rb |n nm{bt Brq`yn m` nvnmwnan d`m jn trfldlbm{b qnylkbw bm

qbjndlôm d`m bj qbt{` kbj crmk`7

Nj cltc` {lbcy`* j`t qb{`t crmklnjbt tb lm{bmtlfldnm | crbt{qnm rm crmk` cr| klfbqbm{b n flmnjbt jn yqôxlcn

kìdnkn7

1 Brq`yn 1919* Rmn bt{qn{beln ynqn rm dqbdlclbm{ lm{bjlebm{b* t`t{bmlajb b lm{beqnk`q * D`cltlôm Brq`ybn* 16 kb cnqw` kb 19>9-

Bj bmvbgbdlclbm{` kb jn yàjndlôm tb ndbjbqn | jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn kb jn RB d`cbmwnqî n kltclmrlq n

ynq{lq kbj 19>4/19>;- Bt{n d`calmndlôm tb {qnkrdlqî bm cît {bmtl`mbt bm bj tlt{bcn kbj albmbt{nq-

Jn {ntn cbkln kb dqbdlclbm{` bm Brq`yn hn tlk` bt{qrd{rqnjcbm{b lmfbql`q n jn kb mrbt{q`t

yqlmdlynjbt t`dl`t bd`môcld`t kbalk` n fnd{`qbt kb yq`krd{lvlknk qbjndl`mnk`t d`m klfbqbmdlnt bm jnt

bt{qrd{rqnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt* cbm`qbt mlvbjbt kb lmvbqtlôm bm lmvbt{lendlôm* kbtnqq`jj` b lmm`vndlôm

(LKl,* rm rt` lmtrfldlbm{b kb jnt {bdm`jèãnt kb jn lmf`qcndlôm | jn d`crmldndlôm ([LD,* jn qb{ldbmdln

kb njerm`t tbd{`qbt t`dlnjbt n jn lmm`vndlôm | dlbq{`t àt{îdrj`t ynqn bj nddbt` nj cbqdnk`-

J`t mlvbjbt kb bcyjb` bm Brq`yn (cbkln kbj 66" ynqn jnt ybqt`mnt kb 19 n 6; nþ`t, t`m {`knvãn

ybqdby{lajbcbm{b cît ang`t ~rb bm `{qnt ynq{bt kbj crmk`- Y`q `{qn ynq{b* bj brq`yb` cbkl`

{qnangn rm >9" kb h`qnt cbm`t ~rb tr b~rlvnjbm{b bt{nk`rmlkbmtb ` gny`mìt-

Jn d`cyb{bmdln y`q ynq{b kb jnt bd`m`cãnt bcbqebm{bt | kbtnqq`jjnknt tb lm{bmtlfldn* nrm~rb bt{n

ncbmnwn bt {ncalìm rmn `y`q{rmlknk* y`q~rb n cbklkn ~rb j`t yqlcbq`t ynãtbt tb kbtnqq`jjbm tb

naqlqîm mrbv`t cbqdnk`t ynqn crdhnt bcyqbtnt brq`ybnt-

Jnt flmnmwnt crmklnjbt {`knvãn kbabm tbq qbynqnknt ynqn f`qcrjnq rm tlt{bcn bfldnw | t`t{bmlajb-

Jn frbq{b kbybmkbmdln kb j`t d`cart{lajbt fôtljbt | bj rt` lmbfldnw kb jnt cn{bqlnt yqlcnt ncbmnwnm

mrbt{qn tberqlknk bd`môcldn | d`m{qlar|bm nj dncal` djlcî{ld`- Nkbcît* bj dqbdlclbm{` yàjndl`mnj

lm{bmtlfldn jn d`cyb{bmdln y`q j`t qbdrqt`t mn{rqnjbt | nþnkb yqbtlôm tàqb bj bm{`qm` djlcî{ld`-




< zBrq` n

Brq`yn kbab nfq`m{nq d`jbd{lvncbm{b bj qb{` kb jn qbdrybqndlôm | j`t qb{`t n jnqe` yjnw` n flm kb d`cybmtnq

jnt dqbdlbm{bt yìqklknt* qbdrybqnq d`cyb{l{lvlknk* y`{bmdlnq jn yq`krd{lvlknk | v`jvbq n bmdnqqljnq n jn RB y`q

jn tbmkn kb jn yq`tybqlknk-

Ynqn bjj`* jn bt{qn{beln Brq`yn 1919 kbflmb {qbt yql`qlknkbt7

>- Rm dqbdlclbm{` lm{bjlebm{b* ~rb try`mb bj kbtnqq`jj` kb rmn bd`m`cãn antnkn bm bj d`m`dlclbm{` | jn

lmm`vndlôm-

1- Rm dqbdlclbm{` t`t{bmlajb* d`m rmn bd`m`cãn ~rb hnen rm rt` cît bfldnw kb j`t qbdrqt`t | tbn cît

vbqkb-

4- Rm dqbdlclbm{` lm{beqnk`q* f`cbm{nmk` rm nj{` mlvbj kb bcyjb` | jn d`hbtlôm t`dlnj | {bqql{`qlnj-

D`m bt{b flm yq`y`mb dlmd` àgb{lv`t lm{bqqbjndl`mnk`t ynqn 1919 | tlb{b lmldln{lvnt bcajbcî{ldnt ynqn

dn{njlwnq j`t nvnmdbt bm dnkn {bcn yql`ql{nql`* ~rb kbabm cn{bqlnjlwnqtb bm jn RB | bm trt bt{nk`t clbcaq`t*

yrklbmk` kb hbdh` bcl{lqtb nkvbq{bmdlnt y`jã{ldnt bm dnt` kb qbtyrbt{nt lmnkbdrnknt y`q ynq{b kb rm ynãt-

Ntã* tb yjnm{bn rm bmf`~rb kb d`jna`qndlôm ~rb tb bx{lbmkb hnt{n j`t ynqjncbm{`t mndl`mnjbt* jnt nr{`qlknkbt

qbel`mnjbt | j`dnjbt* j`t lm{bqj`dr{`qbt | jnt `qenmlwndl`mbt t`dlnjbt* ntã d`c` jnt ynq{bt lm{bqbtnknt* d`m bj flm

kb ~rb {`k`t yrbknm ny`q{nq n jn d`mtbdrdlôm kb j`t àgb{lv`t d`crmbt-

Bm drnm{` n j`t àgb{lv`t yqlmdlynjbt kb jn RB* kbt{ndnm bm bj îcal{` bd`môcld` | kbj bcyjb`7

Bj 4" kbj YLA kb jn RB kbabqãn tbq lmvbq{lk` bm LK

Bj 52" kb jn yàjndlôm bm{qb 19 | 6; nþ`t kbabqãn bt{nq bcyjbnkn

Bj y`qdbm{ngb kb nanmk`m` btd`jnq kbabqãn tbq lmfbql`q nj >9" | nj cbm`t

bj ;9" kb jn ebmbqndlôm cît g`vbm kbabqãn {bmbq bt{rkl`t trybql`qbt

d`cyjb{`t-




z >9

Bm{qb jnt cbklknt ~rb tb d`m{bcyjnm bm jnt lmldln{lvnt | bm j` ~rb nfbd{n btybdãfldncbm{b n jn yq`c`dlôm kb

jn bd`m`cãn* jn lmm`vndlôm* jnt [LD* bj bcyjb` | jn grvbm{rk* yrbkbm cbmdl`mnqtb bm{qb `{qnt7

Btybdãfldncbm{b bm bj îcal{` kbj fr{rq` kbtnqq`jj` kb jnt Y\CB dnab {ncalìm kbt{ndnq jn lmvbt{lendlôm

jnmwnkn bm 1995 y`q bj Brqànqôcb{q` kb jn D`cltlôm Brq`ybn;

tàqb jnt anqqbqnt n jnt ~rb tb bmfqbm{nm jnt

yb~rbþnt | cbklnmnt bcyqbtnt bm Brq`yn- Jnt k`t d`mt{qlddl`mbt cît lcy`q{nm{bt* kbtyrìt kbj jlcl{nk`

y`kbq kb d`cyqn kb j`t djlbm{bt* frbq`m jnt bxdbtlvnt qberjndl`mbt nkclmlt{qn{lvnt (cît kb rm 46" kb jnt

Y\CB kbdjnqnm klfldrj{nkbt bm j`t k`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t, | jn fnj{n | bj d`t{b kb qbdrqt`t hrcnm`t nkbdrnk`t

4 Lmldln{lvn brq`ybn ynqn bt{najbdbq rm jbmerngb d`c÷m ynqn kbtdqlalq jnt drnjlfldndl mbt bm {`kn Brq`yn ~rb kbab n|rknq n jntlmt{l{rdl mbt* bcyqbtnt | n jn dlrknknmãn bm ebmbqnj n d`cynqnq j t d`m`dlclbm{`t* ny{l{rkbt | d`cyb{bmdlnt nk~rlqlknt bm ynãtbtklfbqbm{bt | yq`y`qdl mnknt y`q klt{lm{`t tlt{bcnt kb bkrdndlôm | f`qcndlôm-

; Fjnth BA M· ><6 — Bm{bqyqltb @atbqvn{`q| Trqvb|* @atbqvn{`q| `f Brq`ybnm TCBt* d`m rm {qnang` kb dncy` qbnjlwnk` bm{qb m`vlbcaqb kb

1996 | bmbq` kb 1995-

Bd`m`cãn

Bt{najbdbq rmn antb lmkrt{qlnj frbq{b* d`cyb{l{lvn | klvbqtlfldnkn? yq`c`vbq jn qbbt{qrd{rqndlôm kb j`t

tbd{`qbt bm dqltlt hndln nd{lvlknkbt d`m fr{rq`? qbf`qwnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kbj tbd{`q {rqãt{ld` brq`yb`?

cbg`qnq bj bm{`qm` bcyqbtnqlnj* btybdlnjcbm{b ynqn jnt Y\CB? yq`c`vbq jn lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm kb jnt

Y\CB…

Lmm`vndlôm

Qbf`qcnq j`t tlt{bcnt mndl`mnjbt | qbel`mnjbt kb LKl ynqn bt{lcrjnq jn bxdbjbmdln | rmn btybdlnjlwndlôm

lm{bjlebm{b? qbf`qwnq jn d``ybqndlôm bm{qb rmlvbqtlknk* lmvbt{lendlôm | bcyqbtn…

[LD

Yq`c`vbq bj kbtyjlberb | rt` kb tbqvldl`t bm jãmbn c`kbqm`t7 nkclmlt{qndlôm bjbd{qômldn* drnjlfldndl`mbt

klel{njbt* tberqlknk…

Bcyjb`

Yq`c`vbq jn c`vljlknk jna`qnj bm bj lm{bql`q kb jn RB? qbf`qwnq jn dnyndlknk kb j`t lm{bqj`dr{`qbt t`dlnjbt?

nyjldnq j`t yqlmdlyl`t kb nyqbmklwngb ybqcnmbm{b* qbf`qwnmk` bj n{qnd{lv` kb jn bkrdndlôm | jn f`qcndlôm

yq`fbtl`mnj? ntberqnq rm Cnqd` Brq`yb` kb Drnjlfldndl`mbt* D`cyb{bmdlnt | @dryndl`mbt

4

(CBDD@,…

Grvbm{rk

Cbg`qnq j`t tlt{bcnt bkrdn{lv`t* na`qknmk` dnkn tbecbm{` d`m rm yjnm{bnclbm{` lm{beqnk` ~rb {bmen

d`c` àgb{lv` qbkrdlq bj nanmk`m` btd`jnq? cbg`qnq jn bm{qnkn kb j`t gôvbmbt bm bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj

cbklnm{b rmn nddlôm lm{beqnkn ~rb lmdjr|n* bm{qb `{q`t* `qlbm{ndlôm* ntbt`qnclbm{` | yqîd{ldnt…




>> z

(44",- Nkbcît* jn lmvbt{lendlôm y`mãn kb cnmlflbt{` ~rb tôj` rm 8" kb jnt Y\CB bmdrbt{nknt kbdjnqnanm

abmbfldl`t yq`dbkbm{bt kb jn bxy`q{ndlôm* nkrdlbmk` d`c` àt{îdrj`t n tr lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm bj

kbtd`m`dlclbm{` kb j`t cbqdnk`t bx{qnmgbq`t* bj d`t{b kb jnt {nqlfnt bm j`t ynãtbt kb kbt{lm` | jn fnj{n kb

dnyl{nj- Flmnjcbm{b* bm drnm{` n jn lmm`vndlôm bm trt mbe`dl`t* v`jvãnm n cbmdl`mnq bm yqlcbq | tbermk`

jrenq jn fnj{n kb dqìkl{` | kb cnm` kb àqn drnjlfldnkn-

Kb n~rã bj ndrbqk` ~rb kn jrenq n jn d`crmldndlôm kb jn D`cltlôm Brq`ybn Tcnjj Artlmbtt Nd{ (TAN,2 dr|`

àgb{lv` bt dqbnq rmnt d`mkldl`mbt fnv`qnajbt ynqn bj dqbdlclbm{` | jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk t`t{bmlkn kb jnt Y\CB

brq`ybnt- Bj TAN tb antn bm klbw yqlmdlyl`t `qlbm{nk`t n kbflmlq jnt y`jã{ldnt d`crml{nqlnt | mndl`mnjbt | bm

cbklknt yqîd{ldnt ynqn tr nyjldndlôm* kb bm{qb jnt ~rb yrbkbm kbt{ndnqtb7

Y`q `{q` jnk`* bm drnm{` n j`t qb{`t kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj kbj fr{rq`* Brq`yn |n hn nkvbq{lk` ~rb jn nd{rnj dqltlt

bd`môcldn try`mkqî rmn qbkrddlôm bm bj m÷cbq` kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang` ~rb kbaãnm ebmbqnqtb bm j`t

yqôxlc`t nþ`t* ntã d`c` rm dncal` bm bj ybqflj kb jnt `dryndl`mbt ~rb {bmkqîm cît kbcnmkn-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk`* bj ÷j{lc` lmf`qcb kbj Dbkbf`y6 kb 19>9 tàqb jnt fr{rqnt mbdbtlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt bm jn

Brq`yn kb j`t 12 ynqn 1919 bt{lcn ~rb jn cn|`qãn kb bt{`t mrbv`t {qnang`t d`qqbty`mkbqîm n bcyjb`tlm{bmtlv`t bm d`m`dlclbm{` | d`cyb{bmdlnt (mlvbjbt >* 1 | 4 kb jn DLR@

5#98,- Tb btybqn ~rb jn kbcnmkn kb

bcyjb`t kb {ly` nkclmlt{qn{lv` (mlvbj ;, dnlen* clbm{qnt ~rb jn kb nd{lvlknkbt kb tbqvldl`t d`c` vbm{nt*

tberqlknk* dn{bqlme | drlknk` kb ybqt`mnt tb y`kqãn lmdqbcbm{nq- Bm rm mlvbj lmfbql`q kbj btybd{q` kb

2D`crmldndlôm kb jn D`cltlôm Brq`ybn nj Ynqjncbm{` Brq`yb`* nj D`mtbg`* nj D`cl{ì Bd`môcld` | T`dlnj Brq`yb` | nj D`cl{ì kb jnt

Qbel mbt kb 12 kb grml kb 1998* kbm`clmnkn‚Ybmtnq yqlcbq n yb~rbþn btdnjn– ‚Tcnjj Artlmbtt Nd{– ynqn Brq`yn7 lmldln{lvn n fnv`q kb jntyb~rbþnt bcyqbtnt– D@C (1998, 4<;

6 Toljjt tryyj| nmk kbcnmk lm Brq`yb7 cbklrc#{bqc f`qbdnt{ ry { 1919 * Jrxbcaqre`* 19>9* Dbkbf`y* Brq`ybnm Dbm{qb f`q {hb

Kbvbj ycbm{ f V`dn{l mnj [qnlmlme-

5 DLR@7 Djntlfldndlôm lm{bqmndl mnj rmlf`qcb kb dryndl mbt kb jnt ~rb kb jnt ~rb jn @qenmlwndlôm Lm{bqmndl mnj kbj [qnang` bt qbty`mtnajb- Ybq{bmbdb n jn fncljln lm{bqmndl mnj kb jnt djntlfldndl mbt bd`môcldnt | t`dlnjbt-

Nkny{ndlôm kb jnt nkclmlt{qndl`mbt y÷ajldnt n jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb jnt Y\CB | bjlclmndlôm kb j`t

àt{îdrj`t nkclmlt{qn{lv`t-

Yq`c`dlôm kb jn drj{rqn bcyqbtnqlnj* bm btybdlnj cbklnm{b jn dqbndlôm kb qbkbt kb bcyqbtnt | bj

lm{bqdncal` kb bxybqlbmdlnt-

Qbfrbqw` kbj y`{bmdlnj kb lmm`vndlôm* lmvbt{lendlôm | kbtnqq`jj` kb jnt Y\CB* bm ynq{ldrjnq cbklnm{b

jn nk~rltldlôm kb jn drnjlfldndlôm mbdbtnqln kb j`t bcyqbtnql`t | tr ybqt`mnj | jn neqryndlôm kb

bcyqbtnt bm djrt{bqt-

Nybq{rqn kb jnt Y\CB n j`t cbqdnk`t bx{bql`qbt* dqbnmk` dbm{q`t brq`yb`t kb bcyqbtnt n btdnjn

lm{bqmndl`mnj | ny`|nmk` jn nybq{rqn kb cbqdnk`t kb d`m{qn{ndlôm yqlvnkn | y÷ajldn kb j`t ynãtbt{bqdbq`t-




z >1

Btynþn

d`cyb{bmdlnt* j`t bcyjb`t ynqn {qnangnk`qbt drnjlfldnk`t kb j`t mlvbjbt 6 | 5 d`m{lmrnqîm kltclmr|bmk` | jnt

mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt qbbcyjnwnqîm n j`t {qnangnk`qbt ~rb hndbm {qnang`t qr{lmnql`t- Flmnjcbm{b* | bm d`m{qnt{b

d`m bt{`* tb btybqn ~rb dqbwdn jn kbcnmkn kb bcyjb`t bjbcbm{njbt (mlvbj <,-

Tbe÷m bj Dbkbf`y* bt{`t dncal`t tbþnjnm bj qlbte` kb rmn y`jnqlwndlôm kbj {qnang`* d`m rmn kbcnmkn ~rb tblmdqbcbm{n bm j`t bcyjb`t bm j`t mlvbjbt kb dnjlfldndlôm cît ang`t | cît bjbvnk`t* clbm{qnt ~rb kbdqbdb ` tb

bt{naljlwn bm j`t mlvbjbt lm{bqcbkl`t- Tlcrj{îmbncbm{b* d`m{lm÷n yq`krdlìmk`tb bj kbtyjnwnclbm{` hndln rmn

bd`m`cãn kb tbqvldl`t | ylbqkbm ybt` j`t bcyjb`t qbjndl`mnk`t d`m bj tbd{`q yqlcnql` | jn lmkrt{qln aîtldn-

Tbe÷m trt ÷j{lcnt yq`|bddl`mbt* tb btybqn ~rb j`t tbqvldl`t kb cbqdnk` | jn klt{qlardlôm | bj {qnmty`q{b tbnm

jnt nd{lvlknkbt ~rb cît bcyjb` ebmbqbm bm Brq`yn* clbm{qnt ~rb jn tnmlknk y÷ajldn | jn bkrdndlôm qbkrdlqîm

tr kbcnmkn kb {qnangnk`qbt* vlt{nt jnt qbt{qlddl`mbt bm j`t yqbtryrbt{`t y÷ajld`t-

>-1- Ybqtybd{lvnt cndq`bd`môcldnt | cbklknt kb qbf`qcn bm Btynþn

Jn dqltlt flmnmdlbqn lm{bqmndl`mnj | bj mbdbtnql` ngrt{b kbj tbd{`q lmcàljlnql` hnm jnt{qnk` bj dqbdlclbm{`

bd`môcld` bm Btynþn bm j`t ÷j{lc`t k`t nþ`t* lmkrdlbmk` rm lcy`q{nm{b lmdqbcbm{` kb jn {ntn kb ynq` | rm

tlemlfldn{lv` kb{bql`q` kb jnt flmnmwnt y÷ajldnt- J`t yqàjbcnt kb kbrkn tàbqnmn bm bj îqbn kbj brq` hnm

vbmlk` n d`cyjldnq n÷m cît bt{n tl{rndlôm-

Bm bt{b d`m{bx{`* bj Eàlbqm` hn bjna`qnk` rmn yq`tybd{lvn cndq`bd`môcldn8

bm jn ~rb tb yqbvì rmn

yqèqbtlvn ybq` jbm{n qbdrybqndlôm kb jn bd`m`cãn btynþ`jn ~rb d`cbmwnqãn n dqbdbq bm cbkln nmrnj bm bj

tbermk` tbcbt{qb kb 19>>* f`q{njbdlìmk`tb bm j`t nþ`t y`t{bql`qbt- Bm d`mdqb{`* tb btybqn ~rb jn kbcnmkn

lm{bqmn tb bt{naljldb bm 19>> | ~rb* |n bm 19>1* yqbtbm{b rmn d`m{qlardlôm y`tl{lvn kb >*4 yrm{`t- Y`q tr

ynq{b* jn kbcnmkn bx{bql`q mb{n nrcbm{nqãn jlebqncbm{b tr d`m{qlardlôm nj dqbdlclbm{` bm bj nþ` 19>>*

njdnmwnmk` j`t >*4 yrm{`t y`qdbm{rnjbt |* d`mf`qcb jn kbcnmkn flmnj enmnqn f`q{njbwn* tb lqãn qbkrdlbmk`

ynrjn{lmncbm{b hnt{n tl{rnqtb bm 9*6 yrm{`t y`qdbm{rnjbt bm 19>;-

Y`q j` ~rb tb qbflbqb nj cbqdnk` jna`qnj* ynqn bj d`mgrm{` kb 19>> tb yq`|bd{n rm cãmlc` dqbdlclbm{` kbj

bcyjb` (9*1",? y`t{bql`qcbm{b* tb cnm{bmkqãn rmn tbmkn c`kbqnkncbm{b njdlt{n bm j`t {qbt yqôxlc`t nþ`t*

8 Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk Btynþn 19>>#19>;* nyqànk` bj 1< kb naqlj kb 19>>-




>4 z

bm jãmbn d`m jn bv`jrdlôm yqbvlt{n kb jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn- Bt{` hnqãn ~rb jn {ntn kb ynq` tb qbkrgbqn

ynrjn{lmncbm{b* tl{rîmk`tb bm bj >6" bm 19>;- [ncalìm ybqcl{lqãn enmnmdlnt kb yq`krd{lvlknk n rm ql{c`

cbkl` nmrnj dbqdnm` nj >" bm {`k` bj ybqã`k` kb yqbklddlôm-

Nj bfbd{` kb nvnmwnq hndln bt{n qbdrybqndlôm* bj Eàlbqm` kb Btynþn hn yqbtbm{nk` n jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbtd`crml{nqlnt bj Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk 19>>#19>; ~rb {qnangn bm bj îcal{` kb jn d`mt`jlkndlôm |

t`t{bmlaljlknk kb jnt drbm{nt y÷ajldnt? | bj Yqèqncn Mndl`mnj kb Qbf`qcnt 19>><* ~rb kb{njjn j`t àgb{lv`t

~rb tb hn flgnk` Btynþn bm bj cnqd` kb jn Bt{qn{beln Brq`yn 1919 ynqn bj dqbdlclbm{` | bj bcyjb`* b lmd`qy`qn

j`t d`cyq`clt`t nk`y{nk`t bm bj d`m{bx{` kbj Ynd{` y`q bj Brq` Yjrt>9- Bj àgb{lv` dbm{qnj kb jn y`jã{ldn

bd`môcldn bt dqbnq bcyjb`- [bmlbmk` bm drbm{n j`t àgb{lv`t nd`qknk`t y`q bj D`mtbg` Brq`yb` kb grml` kb

19>9>>

* Btynþn tb flgn j`t tlerlbm{bt àgb{lv`t7

Bm drnm{` n jn qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` ~rb bm{qô bm vle`q bm grml` kb 19>>>1

| frb d`cyjbcbm{nkn

d`m jn qbf`qcn kb jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb` nyqànkn bm fbaqbq` kb 19>>>4

* na`qknm drn{q` ntybd{`t

frmkncbm{njbt kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`7

>- D`m{qn{ndlôm | kbtylk`* cbklnm{b jn y`{bmdlndlôm kbj d`m{qn{` kb f`cbm{` kbj bcyjb` flg`* jn

djnqlfldndlôm kb jnt dnrtnt kbj kbtylk` yq`dbkbm{b | jn bjbvndlôm kb j`t d`t{bt kb flmnjlwndlôm kb j`t

d`m{qn{`t {bcy`qnjbt-

1- Fjbxlaljlknk lm{bqmn kb jnt bcyqbtnt* nj fndljl{nq bj rt` kb djîrtrjnt kb kbtdrbjerb kb j`t d`mvbml`t

d`jbd{lv`t kb îcal{` trybql`q b lm{q`krdlq cbdnmltc`t kb ngrt{b kbj {lbcy` kb {qnang`-

4- Lm{bqcbklndlôm bm bj cbqdnk`* nj ybqcl{lq `ybqnq n nebmdlnt yqlvnknt kb bcyjb` | ncyjlnq bj îcal{` kb

nd{rndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt kb bcyjb` {bcy`qnj-

< Yqèqncn Mndl`mnj kb Qbf`qcnt 19>>* nyqànk` bj 1< kb naqlj kb 19>>-

>9 Nyqànk` bj 12 kb cnqw` y`q bj D`mtbg` Brq`yb`* yqb{bmkb qbf`qwnq bj yljnq bd`môcld` kb jn rmlôm c`mb{nqln* lcyqlclq rm mrbv`dnqîd{bq n jn d``qklmndlôm kb jn y`jã{ldn bd`môcldn | cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk-

>>D`mtbg` Brq`yb` kb >5 kb grml kb 19>9* tàqb jn nk`ydlôm kb jn Bt{qn{beln 1919* ~rb {ncalìm kbflmb jnt yqlcbqnt qlbm{ndl mbt qbjn{lvntnj Ynd{` kb Bt{naljlknk | Dqbdlclbm{` | jn vleljnmdln yqbtryrbt{nqln-

>1

Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb| >9/19>9* kb >6 kb grml * kb cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn jn qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`-

>4 QK jb| 4/19>> kb >8 kb fbaqbq`* kb cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn jn cbg`qn kb jn bcyjbnaljlknk | jn qbf`qcn kb jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb`-

Rmn {ntn kb bcyjb` kbj 5;" ynqn jn yàjndlôm kb bm{qb 19 n 6; nþ`t bm bj h`qlw`m{b 1919* d`m rmtraàgb{lv` kb {ntn kb bcyjb` fbcbmlm` ynqn bj cltc` eqry` kb bknk kbj 68*2" bm 1919-

Bj àgb{lv` lm{bqcbkl` (n 19>2, bt njdnmwnq rmn {ntn kb bcyjb` kbj 66" (bm 19>9* jn {ntn kb bcyjb`

frb kbj 61*2",-




z >;

;- Cbg`qn kb jn bcyjbnaljlknk* ncyjlnmk` bj îcal{` kb j`t d`m{qn{`t kb f`qcndlôm | bm yqîd{ldnt |

d`mdbm{qnmk` jnt a`mlfldndl`mbt bm jnt d`{lwndl`mbt t`dlnjbt bm j`t gôvbmbt kbtbcyjbnk`t kb jnqen

krqndlôm d`m ang` mlvbj kb f`qcndlôm-

Bm bj cbqdnk` kb yq`krd{`t dnab kbt{ndnq drn{q` cbklknt qbf`qcnk`qnt frmkncbm{njbt- Bm yqlcbq jrenq* bjnþ` 19>9 hn tlk` bj yqlcbq` bm bj ~rb jn {qnty`tldlôm kb jn Klqbd{lvn kb Tbqvldl`t

>;hn bt{nk` yjbmncbm{b bm

vle`q- Bm tbermk` jrenq* bm bj QKJ >4/19>9 kb 4 kb kldlbcaqb>2| bm j`t Yqbtryrbt{`t Ebmbqnjbt kbj Bt{nk` kb

19>>* tb nk`y{nq`m cbklknt ynqn neljlwnq | tlcyjlfldnq bj yq`dbt` kb dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt | tb bjlclmnq`m jnt

klt{`qtl`mbt fltdnjbt n fnv`q kb jn vlvlbmkn bm yq`ylbknk* y`{bmdlnmk` bj cbqdnk` kb nj~rljbq- Bm {bqdbq jrenq*

jn Jb| kb Bd`m`cãn T`t{bmlajb>6 * lmdjr|b lmdbm{lv`t ynqn jn lmvbqtlôm bm lmm`vndlôm | bm dnyl{nj hrcnm` |

qbkrdb jnt dnqent nkclmlt{qn{lvnt ~rb t`y`q{nm jnt bcyqbtnt? bt{n jb| tb d`cyjbcbm{n d`m jn mrbvn Jb| kb

Dlbmdln* [bdm`j`eãn b Lmm`vndlôm>5- Bm drnq{` jrenq* bm bj îcal{` kb j`t tbqvldl`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* tb yqbvì bmvlnq

nj D`meqbt` rm Nm{byq`|bd{` kb Jb| jlabqnjlwnmk` bj tbd{`q | cbg`qnmk` jn dnjlknk kb jn qberjndlôm cbklnm{bjn bjlclmndlôm kb qb~rltl{`t lmmbdbtnql`t ynqn bj bgbqdldl` kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt-

>; Klqbd{lvn 1996/>14/DB kbj Ynqjncbm{` Brq`yb` | kbj D`mtbg`* kb >1 kb kldlbcaqb kb 1996* qbjn{lvn n j t tbqvldl t bm bj cbqdnk` lm{bql q-

>2Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb| >4/19>9* kb 4 kb kldlbcaqb* kb nd{rndl mbt bm bj îcal{` fltdnj* jna`qnj | jlabqnjlwnk`qnt ynqn f`cbm{nq jn lmvbqtlôm | jn

dqbndlôm kb bcyjb`-

>6Jb| 1/19>>* kb ; kb cnqw * kb Bd`m`cãn T`t{bmlajb-

>5 Jb| >;/19>> kb >1 kb cn|`* kb jn Dlbmdln* jn [bdm`j eãn | jn Lmm`vndlôm* ~rb kbq`en Jb| kb Lmvbt{lendlôm Dlbm{ãfldn | [bdm`jôeldn kb ><86*bt{najbdlbmk` rm cnqd` ebmbqnj ynqn bj f`cbm{` | jn d``qklmndlôm kb jn lmvbt{lendlôm dlbm{ãfldn | {ìdmldn-




>2 z

Cît qbdlbm{bcbm{b* bj kld{ncbm>8

kbj D`mtbg` tàqb bj Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk nd{rnjlwnk` (19>>#19>;,

lmdjr|b* bm{qb `{qnt qbd`cbmkndl`mbt* ~rb tb {`cbm cbklknt bm j`t nþ`t 19>> | 19>1 n flm kb7

>-4- Bj {bglk bcyqbtnqlnj | bj cbqdnk kb {qnang bm Anjbnqbt | Ynjcn kb Cnjj qdn

Bj bt{rkl` kb jn bd`m`cãn | cbqdnk` jna`qnj kb Ynjcn tb mr{qb aîtldncbm{b kb {qbt frbm{bt kb lmf`qcndlôm7

Lmt{l{r{` Mndl`mnj kb Bt{nkãt{ldn (LMB,* ynqn bj ynkqôm crmldlynj | {bmkbmdlnt ebmbqnjbt kb jn yàjndlôm

qbtlkbm{b* ntã d`c` j`t kn{`t cndq`bd`môcld`t kb Anjbnqbt (bv`jrdlôm kbj YLA,? [bt`qbqãn Ebmbqnj kb jn

Tberqlknk T`dlnj* n {qnvìt kbj Lmt{l{r{` kb Bt{nkãt{ldn kb jnt Ljjbt Anjbnqt (Labt{n{,* ynqn jnt bt{nkãt{ldnt kb

>8 Kld{ncbm kbj D`mtbg tàqb bj Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk nd{rnjlwnk kb Btynþn (19>>#19>;,* kb >1 kb grjl kb 19>>-

>< JnJb| 42/19>9* d`m qlebm bm bj Qbnj Kbdqb{`#Jb| >9/19>9 kb >6 kb grml * kb cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn jn qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`-

Nk`y{nq jn qbf`qcn kbj tlt{bcn kb ybmtl`mbt yq`yrbt{n d`m bj flm kb qb{qntnq jn bknk kb graljndlôm

jbenj | nrcbm{nq bj m÷cbq` kb nþ`t kb {qnang` ynqn bj dîjdrj` kb jnt ybmtl`mbt* tbe÷m j` yjnmbnk` |

nk`y{nq mrbvnt cbklknt bmdnclmnknt n cbg`qnq bj nyqbmklwngb ybqcnmbm{b ynqn j`t {qnangnk`qbt kb

cît bknk-

D`cyjb{nq jn nk`ydlôm | nyjldndlôm kb rmn qbf`qcn ejànj kbj yq`dbt` kb mbe`dlndlôm d`jbd{lvn | kbj

tlt{bcn kb lmklwndlôm tnjnqlnj ynqn enqnm{lwnq ~rb jnt tralknt tnjnqlnjbt qbfjbgbm cbg`q jn bv`jrdlôm kb

jn yq`krd{lvlknk | jnt d`mkldl`mbt lcybqnm{bt n mlvbj j`dnj | n mlvbj kb bcyqbtn | yq`y`qdl`mnq n jnt

bcyqbtnt jn fjbxlaljlknk trfldlbm{b-

Jlabqnjlwnq cît j`t tbqvldl`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt | yq`crjenq jn jbeltjndlôm yqbvlt{n d`m àgb{` kb qbkbflmlq

bj cnqd` qbejncbm{nql` | bjlclmnq jnt qbt{qlddl`mbt nd{rnjbt n jn d`cyb{bmdln* jn bfldlbmdln | jn

lmm`vndlôm? nyjldnq bm {`knt jnt nkclmlt{qndl`mbt jn Jb| kb Bd`m`cãn T`t{bmlajb* bm ynq{ldrjnq jnt

cbklknt bmdnclmnknt n cbg`qnq bj bm{`qm` bcyqbtnqlnj | f`cbm{nq jn d`cyb{bmdln bm j`t cbqdnk`t

kb yq`krd{`t | kb tbqvldl`t? | cbg`qnq jn d``qklmndlôm bm{qb jnt Nkclmlt{qndl`mbt nr{`môcldnt | jn

Nkclmlt{qndlôm dbm{qnj n flm kb qbkrdlq jn dnqent nkclmlt{qn{lvnt ~rb t`y`q{nm jnt bcyqbtnt-

Bvnjrnq ynqn flmnjbt kb 19>> j`t bfbd{`t kb jnt qbf`qcnt kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj kb tby{lbcaqb kb

19>9><

| kb jn qbf`qcn kb jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb` kb fbaqbq` kb 19>>* | yqbtbm{nq* bm dnt`

mbdbtnql`* yq`yrbt{nt kb mrbvnt qbf`qcnt ynqn qbkrdlq jn tbecbm{ndlôm kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`* |

cbg`qnq jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb bcyjb` ynqn j`t gôvbmbt | enqnm{lwnq rm bt{qbdh` tberlclbm{` kb jn

bfldndln kb jnt cbklknt d`m{bcyjnknt bm bj Yqèqncn Mndl`mnj kb Qbf`qcnt* d`m vlt{nt n qbkrdlq bj

mlvbj kb nanmk`m` btd`jnq yqbcn{rq`* btybdlnjcbm{b cbklnm{b y`jã{ldnt yqbvbm{lvnt* | fndljl{nq jn

{qnmtldlôm n jn bkrdndlôm | f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj-




z >6

dbm{q`t kb {qnang` (bcyqbtnt d`m ntnjnqlnk`t, | {qnangnk`qbt nfljlnk`t kb nj{n y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt? |

Tbqvbl k“@dryndlô kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt (T@LA,* n {qnvìt kbj @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt* ynqn j`t

kn{`t kb d`m{qn{ndlôm | ynq` qbelt{qnk`* ntã d`c` ynqn bj nmîjltlt bm yq`frmklknk kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`

anjbnq | kb j`t gôvbmbt kbcnmknm{bt bm ynq{ldrjnq-

Kbab hndbqtb hlmdnylì bm jn btdntbw kb kn{`t kbtneqbenk`t n mlvbj crmldlynj* ~rb jlcl{nm bj nmîjltlt

t`dl`bd`môcld` kbj crmldlyl` n jnt bt{nkãt{ldnt cbmdl`mnknt cît nqqlan* kb f`qcn ~rb ynqn à{bmbq rmn

vltlôm cît ncyjln ` kb{njjnkn kb jn qbnjlknk | {bmkbmdlnt kb fr{rq` kbj {bqql{`ql` kbab ndrklqtb nj cnqd` kb jnt

Ltjnt Anjbnqbt-

[bmkbmdlnt kbcèqîfldnt

Ynjcn d`m{nan d`m ;92-4>8 hnal{nm{bt qbelt{qnk`t n yqlcbq` kb bmbq` kb 19>>- Rm 29*<" kb jn yàjndlôm bt

fbcbmlmn? bm d`cynqndlôm* bm Anjbnqt jn yq`y`qdlôm bt rm yrm{` y`qdbm{rnj lmfbql`q (;<*<",- Jnt dlfqnt

kbtej`tnknt kb 19>> m` hnm tlk` yrajldnknt {`knvãn y`q bj LMB* y`q j` ~rb bj nmîjltlt tlerlbm{b tb antn bm j`t

kn{`t n yqlcbq` kb bmbq` kb 19>9-

Ynjcn yqbtbm{n rmn bjbvnkn kbmtlknk yàjndl`mnj* d`m >-<4<*5> hna-/oc1

| tb tl{÷n bm{qb jnt dlrknkbt cnt

yàjnknt kbj Bt{nk` btynþ`j- Jn nm{bql`q dlfqn trcn bj ;6*2" kb j`t hnal{nm{bt kb Cnjj`qdn | bj 46*6" kb j`t

qbtlkbm{bt kb jnt Anjbnqt* rmn yq`y`qdlôm ~rb hn lk` kltclmr|bmk` bm j`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t m` y`q jn qbkrddlôm kb

j`t hnal{nm{bt ynjcbtnm`t* tlm` y`q bj nrcbm{` yàjndl`mnj kb `{q`t crmldlyl`t-

[najn >- Yqlmdlynjbt kn{`t kbcèqîfld`t kb Ynjcn* 19>9

Kbcèqnfãn Cbkln 19>9 Vnqlndlôm 199<Anjbnqbt

19>9

Trybqfldlb oc1 198*64 # ;-<<>*65

Kbmtlknk kb yàjndlôm >-<4<*5> 9*<" 11>*28

[`{nj yàjndlôm ;9;-68> 9*<" >->96-9;<

" yàjndlôm fbcbmlmn 29*<" 9*> y-y ;<*8"

" yàjndlôm >2 | cît nþ`t 82*4" #9*> y-y 8;*8"

" yàjndlôm g`vbm >2#12 nþ`t >>*1" #9*4 y-y >9*8"

Ãmkldb bmvbgbdlclbm{` (yàj- cn|`q 6; nþ`t/yàj- cbm`q 19 nþ`t, 6<*6" >*9 y-y 6<*8"

Ãmkldb qbbcyjnw` (yàj-69#6; nþ`t/yàj-19#1; nþ`t, 5<*>" 4*8 y-y 82*>"

" yàjndlôm bx{qnmgbqn 19*5" 9*2 y-y 1>*<"

" yàjndlôm bx{qnmgbqn >6 n 6; nþ`t 81*5" #9*; y-y 55*8"

Frbm{b7 @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt

Kb hbdh`* bm{qb 1999 | 19>9 Ynjcn dqbdlô kb f`qcn ndrcrjnkn bm 59-526 ybqt`mnt (rm 1>*1",*

yqlmdlynjcbm{b y`q jn ny`q{ndlôm kb yàjndlôm bx{qnmgbqn (vbq eqîfld` >,- Ntã* bm tr nd{rnj d`cy`tldlôm* rm

;6*2" kb jn yàjndlôm t`m qbtlkbm{bt m` mndlk`t bm jnt ltjnt* tlbmk` btybdãfldncbm{b bx{qnmgbq`t rm 19*5"* bm

rmn yq`y`qdlôm tlcljnq n jn kbj d`mgrm{` kb jn d`crmlknk (1>*<", | ~rb nybmnt hn vnqlnk` bm qbjndlôm nj nþ`

nm{bql`q (9*2 y-y-,-




>5 zYnjcn

Eqîfld` >- Vnqlndlôm lm{bqnmrnj kb jn yàjndlôm y`q eqry`t kb mndl`mnjlknk* Ynjcn* 1999#19>9

Frbm{b7 LMB* bjna`qndlôm yq`yln

Tlm bcanqe`* n ynq{lq kb 1991 bcylbwn n vltjrcaqnqtb rm dncal` bm bt{n {bmkbmdln kb dqbdlclbm{`

yàjndl`mnj* ~rb tb qnjbm{lwn yqèqbtlvncbm{b ynqn njdnmwnq ÷mldncbm{b rm 9*<" bm{qb 199< | 19>9 bm tr

d`mgrm{` | {`qmnqtb mben{lv` n > kb bmbq` kb 19>> tbe÷m bj ynkqôm yq`vltl`mnj kb Ynjcn* d`m rmn yìqklkn kb

cît kb ;-699 ybqt`mnt19- J`t trdbtlv`t dncal`t bm bj cnqd` qberjn{`ql` lm{bqmndl`mnj* ntã d`c` jn lmdlkbmdln

kb jn dqltlt bd`môcldn | btybdãfldncbm{b jn ynqnjlwndlôm kbj tbd{`q d`mt{qrddlôm* ~rb {qnkldl`mnjcbm{b hnn{qnãk` rm frbq{b v`jrcbm kb lmcleqndlôm* bt{nqãnm lmfjr|bmk` frbq{bcbm{b bm bt{b dncal` kb {bmkbmdln-

Bm drnm{` n jn klt{qlardlôm y`q bknkbt* bj yq`dbt` kb dqbdlclbm{` yàjndl`mnj bxybqlcbm{nk` bm jn nd{rnj

kìdnkn hn tryrbt{` rm qbgrvbmbdlclbm{` kb j`t qbtlkbm{bt anjbnqbt bm ebmbqnj | kb j`t ynjcbtnm`t bm

ynq{ldrjnq- Jn d`cynqndlôm kb jnt klt{qlardl`mbt y`q bknk kb j`t nþ`t 1999 | 19>9 bvlkbmdln rm nrcbm{` kb

jn yàjndlôm y`{bmdlnjcbm{b nd{lvn (kb bm{qb >6 | 6; nþ`t, kbj 1;"* yntnmk` kb 14;-><6 ybqt`mnt n 1<9-9<;

bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ`-

N ybtnq kb bt{b yqèqbtlv` qbgrvbmbdlclbm{`* d`mtberlk` eqndlnt n jn d`m{qlardlôm kb mrbvn yàjndlôm

lmcleqnm{b bm j`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t* bm jn nd{rnjlknk jn bknk cbkln kb j`t ynjcbtnm`t bt kb 4<*; nþ`t | tb nyqbdln

rm jbvb bmvbgbdlclbm{` kbtkb bj nþ` 1999* drnmk` tb qbelt{qnan kb cbkln rm nþ` cbm`t-

1" ;" 4" 1" 9" 1"

9" 1" ;" >" >"

49*8"

62*9"

;8*4"

4;*9"

8*2"

>5*<"

>*2"

>6*<" ><*8"

;*8" 4*4"

#>9"

9"

>9"

19"

49"

;9"

29"

69"

59"

1999 199> 1991 1994 199; 1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

[ {nj Btynþ jn Bx{qnmgbqn




z >8

N d`q{` yjnw`* bj ãmkldb kb bmvbgbdlclbm{` (kb rm 6<*6"* tlcljnq nj anjbnq kb 6<*8", ntberqn jn trat{l{rdlôm kb

jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn bm bknk kb qb{lqnqtb y`q ebm{b g`vbm bm bknk kb {qnangnq- Tlm bcanqe`* n cbkl` yjnw`* tl

tb n{lbmkb n jnt yq`|bddl`mbt kbcèqîfldnt yrajldnknt y`q bj LMB hnt{n 19>5 ynqn Anjbnqbt* tb nkvlbq{b ~rb bj

eqry` kb ybqt`mnt cn|`qbt kb 6; nþ`t nrcbm{nqî kbtkb bj >4*5" nj >2*8}>6*2 "* bm frmdlôm kbj btdbmnql`

flmnj-

Eqîfld` 1- Yàjndlôm y`q eqry`t kb bknk* Ynjcn* 1999#19>9

Frbm{b7 LMB* bjna`qndlôm yq`yln

N cît jnqe` {ìqclm` | ynqn bj d`mgrm{` bt{n{nj* bj LMB yq`|bd{n rm btdbmnql` kb qbkrdlknt {ntnt kb

dqbdlclbm{` yàjndl`mnj* kb f`qcn ~rb j`t cn|`qbt dqbdlclbm{`t nat`jr{`t | qbjn{lv`t bm j`t yqôxlc`t ;9

nþ`t tb d`mdbm{qnqãnm bm jnt bknkbt nvnmwnknt- D`mdqb{ncbm{b* bj eqry` kb bknk kb cn|`qbt kb 6; nþ`t tb

kryjldnqãn bm {ncnþ` | yntnqãn n d`mt{l{rlq bj 4>*<" kb jn yàjndlôm {`{nj kb Btynþn- Bm dncal`* jn yàjndlôm

kb >6 n 6; nþ`t* tb vbqãn kltclmrlkn bm cît kb cbkl` cljjôm kb bfbd{lv`t* rm >8*;" kb tr v`jrcbm nd{rnj-

D`m bjj`* y`q dnkn >9 ybqt`mnt bm bknk kb {qnangnq* bm 19;< qbtlklqãnm bm Btynþn dntl mrbvb ybqt`mnt

y`{bmdlnjcbm{b lmnd{lvnt (cbm`q kb >6 nþ`t ` cn|`q kb 6;,- Bt kbdlq* jn {ntn kb kbybmkbmdln tb bjbvnqãn

hnt{n bj 8<*6"* kbtkb bj ;5*8" nd{rnj-

Ntã yrbt* bm jn cltcn jãmbn ~rb j`t qb{`t vlt{`t bm jn lm{q`krddlôm ynqn Brq`yn* tl tb ntrcb ~rb jn bv`jrdlôm

kb Ynjcn d`qqbqî ynqnjbjn n jn anjbnq | btynþ`jn* mrbt{qn dlrknk kbabqî nfq`m{nq bm rm yqôxlc` fr{rq` bj

bmvbgbdlclbm{` yqèqbtlv` kb trt qbtlkbm{bt | rmn cbm`q d`m{qlardlôm kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn n tr

cnm{bmlclbm{` bd`môcld`-

19 Tbe÷m bj Nmrnql 19>>* dnyã{rj kb yàjndlôm* @atbqvn{`ql Crmldlynj kb jn Lernjknk* N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn-

1999

#19999 #>2999 #>9999 #2999 9 >9999 >2999 19999 9#;

>9#>; 19#1; 49#4; ;9#;; 29#2; 69#6; 59#5; 89#8;

Crgbqbt Vnq mbt

19>9

#12999 #19999 #>2999 #>9999 #2999 9 2999 >9999 >2999 19999 12999 9#;

>9#>;

19#1;

49#4;

;9#;; 29#2;

69#6;

59#5;

89#8;

Crgbqbt Vnq mbt




>< z

Bv`jrdlôm bd`môcldn | kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj

Jn bd`m`cãn anjbnq hn bxybqlcbm{nk` kbtkb bj nþ` 1999 rm d`cy`q{nclbm{` qbjn{lvncbm{b bxynmtlv`* d`m

rm dqbdlclbm{` nmrnj cbkl` kb VNA kbj 1*6" hnt{n bj nþ` 1998* n ynq{lq kbj drnj bcylbwnm n qbfjbgnqtb jnt

d`mtbdrbmdlnt kb jn dqltlt bd`môcldn lm{bqmndl`mnj | jn bxyj`tlôm kb jn arqargn lmc`aljlnqln (vbq eqîfld` 4,- Tlm

bcanqe`* |n bm bt{b ybqã`k` j`t vnj`qbt qbelt{qnk`t bqnm lmfbql`qbt n j`t ~rb `a{lbmb bj d`mgrm{` btynþ`j bm

bj cltc` ybqã`k` 1999#1998 (4*4",-

Eqîfld` 4- Vnqlndlôm lm{bqnmrnj kbj YLA* Btynþn b Ljjbt Anjbnqt* 199>#19>9

Frbm{b7 LMB* D`m{naljlknk Qbel mnj kb Btynþn* bjna`qndlôm yq`yln

J`t kn{`t kbj LMB crbt{qnm ~rb ynqn bj nþ` 19>9 bj YLA kb jnt Ltjnt Anjbnqbt bt bj tìy{lc` y`q d`crmlknkbt

nr{ôm`cnt | yqbtbm{n rmn dnãkn trybql`q n jn cbkln btynþ`jn- [ncalìm tb yrbkb lmkldnq ~rb bj dqbdlclbm{`

{`{nj kbj ybql`k` 1999#19>9 hn tlk` kbj >*;"* bj cît ang` bm bj d`mgrm{` kb d`crmlknkbt nr{ôm`cnt-

Bm drnm{` n jn kbtd`cy`tldlôm kbj dqbdlclbm{` anjbnq y`q ltjnt* Cnjj`qdn yqbtbm{n rm dqbdlclbm{` cît

bxynmtlv`* d`m rm nrcbm{` ndrcrjnk` kbj >9*2" bm bj ybqã`k` 1992#1998- Bj 199< tb dnqnd{bqlwn y`q jn

bm{qnkn bm qbdbtlôm {ìdmldn bm dnkn rmn kb jnt ltjnt (yqbtbm{nmk` Cnjj`qdn rmn dnãkn kbj #1*8",- Flmnjcbm{b*

bj 19>9 qbvbjn rmn fqbmnkn kb jn dnãkn bm Cnjj`qdn (#>*>", kb mrbv` trybql`q n jn kb Cbm`qdn ybq` cbm`q

~rb jn kb Yl{lrtbt (vbq {najn 1,-

[najn 1- [ntnt kb vnqlndlôm kbj YLA y`q ltjnt (v jrcbm bmdnkbmnk`* ",* Anjbnqbt* 1992#19>9

1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

Ljjbt Anjbnqt 1*; 1*8 4 >*1 #1*5 #9*<

Cnjj`qdn 1*6 4*> 4*1 >*4 #1*8 #>*>

Cbm`qdn >*< >*2 >*; 9*4 #4*1 #>*;

Ljjbt Yl{lrtbt >*1 1*> 1*5 >*; #1*1 9*<

Frbm{b7 KE Bd`m`cãn kbj E`vbqm kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt

1*6"

9*<"

>*2"

1*2"

4*2" 1*8" 4*9"

>*1"

#1*5"

#9*<"

4*6" 1*5"

4*>" 4*4"4*6"

;*9"4*6"

9*<"

#4*5"

#9*>"

#2*9"

#;*9"

#4*9"

#1*9"

#>*9" 9*9"

>*9"

1*9"

4*9"

;*9"

2*9"

199> 1991 1994 199; 1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

Ljjbt Anjbnqt Btynþn




z 19

Anjbnqbt

Nj cltc` {lbcy`* jnt ltjnt `drynm jn kìdlcn yjnwn1> bm YLA ybq dîyl{n kbm{q` kbj d`mgrm{` kb jnt d`crmlknkbt

nr{ôm`cnt* d`m rm ãmkldb kb <5*1< d`m qbtybd{` nj mlvbj >99 kb Btynþn- Y`q {bqdbqn vbw* hn| rm YLA ybq dîyl{n

bm jnt Anjbnqbt y`q kbang` kbj kb Btynþn- Hn| ~rb `atbqvnq ~rb* bm d`cynqndlôm d`m bj nþ` 1999* tb hnm

ybqklk` >8*> yrm{`t* |n ~rb jn qbm{n qbnj y`q dîyl{n qbel`mnj kb jnt Anjbnqbt hn dqbdlk` y`q kbang` kb jn cbkln

btynþ`jn-

Bm qbtrcbm* tbe÷m nca`t lmkldnk`qbt* jn bd`m`cãn anjbnq crbt{qn dlbq{`t tlem`t kb ne`{nclbm{`* d`m rm

dqbdlclbm{` qnjbm{lwnk` bm jn ÷j{lcn kìdnkn cît antnk` bm bj dqbdlclbm{` kbc`eqîfld` ~rb bm jn cbg`qn kb

jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb jn bd`m`cãn anjbnq-

Eqîfld` ;- Vnqlndlôm lm{bqnmrnj kbj YLA ybq dîyl{n (antb 1999,* Btynþn b Ljjbt Anjbnqt

5*4"

2*4"

4*9"1*>"

;*1";*<" 2*1"

4*6"

>*>"

#;*;"

9*;"

5*8"

6*8"2*6" 2*6" 2*5"

6*4"

2*>"

>*5"

#4*<"

9*2"

6*5"

#6*9"

#;*9"

#1*9"

9*9"

1*9"

;*9"

6*9"

8*9"

>9*9"

1999 199> 1991 1994 199; 1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

Ljjbt Anjbnqt Btynþn

Frbm{b7 LMB* D`m{naljlknk Qbel mnj kb Btynþn* bjna`qndlôm yq`yln

Bt{n bv`jrdlôm kbab qbjndl`mnqtb d`m tr bt{qrd{rqn tbd{`qlnj (vbq eqîfld` 2,* cr| kbybmklbm{b kb j`t tbqvldl`t

| btybdãfldncbm{b* kbj tratbd{`q {rqãt{ld`- Bm kb{njjb* bj ybt` kbj tbd{`q {bqdlnql` bm jnt Anjbnqbt bt kbj 56*2"*

>> yrm{`t y`q bmdlcn kb tr ybt` bm Btynþn- Bxdby{rnmk` Dbr{n | Cbjljjn* jnt Anjbnqbt t`m jn d`crmlknk

nr{ôm`cn cît {bqdlnqlwnkn kbj Bt{nk`- Y`q tr ynq{b* bj ybt` bt{qrd{rqnj kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm bm Anjbnqbt bt kbj

8*1"? | jn lmkrt{qln | jn bmbqeãn try`mbm bj 2*8"- Dnab qbtnj{nq ~rb* n bxdbydlôm kb mrbv` kb Dbr{n | Cbjljjn*

jnt Anjbnqbt t`m jn d`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn d`m rm cbm`q ybt` tbd{`qlnj kb jn lmkrt{qln | jn bmbqeãn- Flmnjcbm{b*

bj tbd{`q yqlcnql` yqbtbm{n rm ybt` kbj >"? {ncalìm bxdby{rnmk` Dbr{n | Cbjljjn* t`c`t jn tbermkn

1> Tbe÷m bj Lmf`qcb 19>9 kbj D`mtbjj Bd`môcld l T`dlnj DBT kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt-




1> z

d`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn kbtyrìt kb Cnkqlk d`m rm cbm`q ybt` tbd{`qlnj kbj tbd{`q yqlcnql`-

Eqîfld` 2- Klt{qlardlôm kbj YLA* Ljjbt Anjbnqt* 19>9

Tbqvldl`t?

56*29"

D`mt{qrddlôm?

8*19"

Lmkrt{qln |

Bmbqeln? 2*89" T- Yqlcnql ? >"

Tbqvldl t D`mt{qrddlôm Lmkrt{qln | Bmbqeln T- Yqlcnql`

Frbm{b7 DB* Ljjbt Anjbnqt* 19>9

Tlm bcanqe`* jn tlerlbm{b {najn 4 crbt{qn dôc` jn bxynmtlôm bd`môcldn kb j`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t tb hn antnk` bm

bj tbd{`q d`mt{qrddlôm |* bm cbm`q cbklkn* bm j`t tbqvldl`t* nrm~rb bj ybt` qbjn{lv` kbj yqlcbq` tbn lmfbql`q nj

kbj tbermk`- Kbj cltc` c`k`* bm j`t nþ`t 199< | 19>9 jn dnãkn kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm hn tlk` cît ndbm{rnkn

~rb jn kb j`t tbqvldl`t* ~rb kb hbdh` |n crbt{qnm tlem`t kb qbdrybqndlôm bm j`t k`t ÷j{lc`t {qlcbt{qbt kb

19>9* clbm{qnt ~rb jn d`mt{qrddlôm tlerb bm dlfqnt mben{lvnt (#;*2" bm bj ÷j{lc` {qlcbt{qb kb 19>9,-

[najn 4- Bv jrdlôm {qlcbt{qnj kbj VNA (n yqbdl`t d`mt{nm{bt, y`q tbd{`qbt bd`môcld`t* Anjbnqbt* 1995#19>9

NÞ@ [QLC Lmkrt{qln D`mt{qrddlôm Tbqvldl`t [`{nj

L >*2 4*< 4 4

LL >*; ; 4 4

LLL >*; 4*8 4*1 4*>1995

LV >*; 4 4*> 4

L > 1 1*2 1*>

LL 9*6 #9*8 >*< >*2

LLL 9*4 #>*8 >*; >1998

LV 9*> #1*< 9*5 9*1

L #1*4 #6*; #9*8 #>*2

LL #4*4 #<*1 #1*> #1*<LLL #4*< #<*6 #1*6 #4*;

199<

LV #;*4 #< #1*; #4*1

L #; #8*4 #>*6 #1*;

LL #4*> #6*8 #9*2 #>*1

LLL #1*4 #2*1 9*< 9*>19>9

LV #>*< #;*2 >*> 9*4

Frbm{b7 KE Bd`m`cãn kbj E`vbqm kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt

@{q` bjbcbm{` kb qbfjbxlôm j` yq`y`qdl`mnm j`t kn{`t qbjn{lv`t nj {rqltc` ~rb vltl{n jnt ltjnt* kbj ~rb kbybmkb

bm eqnm cbklkn jn bv`jrdlôm kbj tbd{`q tbqvldl`t- Tbe÷m crbt{qn jn tlerlbm{b {najn ; kbtkb jn ybqtybd{lvn kbkbcnmkn {rqãt{ldn* bxlt{b rmn {bmkbmdln n jn qbkrddlôm kb jn bt{nmdln cbkln* kb f`qcn ~rb tb mbdbtl{n ncyjlnq




z 11

bj m÷cbq` kb {rqlt{nt ynqn y`kbq cnm{bmbq jn dlfqn {`{nj kb bt{nmdlnt- Bt{` yq`v`dn rmn d`cyb{bmdln vãn

yqbdl`t bm{qb j`t kbt{lm`t cbkl{bqqîmb`t ~rb knþn jn qbm{naljlknk kbj tbd{`q | tr lcnebm kb yqbt{lel`- D`m

{`k`* bt dlbq{` ~rb bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ` jnt qbvrbj{nt kbj m`q{b kb Îfqldn | jn dqltlt eqlben hnm fnv`qbdlk` n j`t

h`{bjbq`t anjbnqbt* ~rb hnm vlt{` qbdrybqnq bj m÷cbq` kb {rqlt{nt bx{qnmgbq`t* nrm~rb m` tr bt{nmdln cbkln-

[najn ;- Yqlmdlynjbt lmkldnk`qbt {rqãt{ld`t kb Anjbnqbt* 1992#19>9

1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

M÷c- {rqlt{ntbx{qnmgbq`t

<-44>-;25 <-52<-656 <-89<-;>< <-<9<-26< 8-<>1-<2> <-95>-8>4

Bt{nmdln cbkln{rqlt{nt bx{qnmgbq`t(klnt,

<*6 <*2 8*5 8*< <*; 8*6

Ent{` cbkl` y`q{rqlt{n bx{qnmgbq` (₪,

<>*6 <2*1 >96*> >92 >91*6 >>9*1

Ent{` {rqãt{ld` {`{nj

(₪, (bx{qnmgbq`t,8-14>-<89-955 8-829-18;-6>> <-9;1-69>-48< <-1<5-4<;-;41 8-261-51;-6<9 8-618-58;-696

Frbm{b7 @atbqvn{`ql kbj [rqltcb kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt* @[RQ

Bj LMB yq`y`qdl`mn kn{`t kbtneqbenk`t ynqn Ynjcn kbtkb jn ybqtybd{lvn kb jn `fbq{n ~rb crbt{qnm jn cltcn

{bmkbmdln kbtdql{n ynqn jnt Anjbnqbt (vbq {najn 2,- Bm drnm{` n jn qbdrybqndlôm kb 19>9* yrbkb vbqtb ~rb j`t

kn{`t t`m jlebqncbm{b y`tl{lv`t y`q yqlcbqn vbw kbtkb 1996 (nrcbm{` kbj >*8" bm bj {`{nj kb vlngbq`t

bx{qnmgbq`t,* ybq` jn bt{nmdln cbkln tlerb qbkrdlìmk`tb kbtkb 1992-

[najn 2- Yqlmdlynjbt lmkldnk`qbt {rqãt{ld`t kb Ynjcn kb Cnjj`qdn* 1992#19>9

1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

[`{nj vlngbq`t qbtlkbm{btbx{qnmgbq`

>-962-8>6 >-141-548 >->51->;6 >->54-<69 >->16->;9 >-12;-<14

Ybqm`d{ndl`mbt qbtlkbm{btbx{qnmgbq`t

6-25>-19; 6-6;;-126 6-665-;;9 6-128-69< 2-812->29 6-941-;9<

Bt{nmdln cbkln (klnt, 2*6 ;*82 ;*<1 ;*5 ;*;< ;*>

Frbm{b7 LC[RQ

Bm d`mdjrtlôm* tl d`c` tb vlbmb ntberqnmk`* m` dnab btybqnq rmn qbnd{lvndlôm kbj tbd{`q kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm n

cbkl` yjnw`* tb mbdbtl{nqî {qnangnq d`m nhãmd`* {nm{` kbtkb bj tbd{`q yqlvnk` d`c` kbtkb jn nkclmlt{qndlôm

y÷ajldn* bm jn qbm`vndlôm kbj tratbd{`q {rqãt{ld`* kbj ~rb kbybmkb bm tr cn|`q ynq{b jn bd`m`cãn qbel`mnj |

bm arbm eqnk` jn j`dnj* ntã d`c` bm bj kbtnqq`jj` kb j`t tbd{`qbt bd`môcld`t nj{bqmn{lv`t* btybdlnjcbm{b kb

j`t antnk`t bm jn t`dlbknk kbj d`m`dlclbm{` | jn lmm`vndlôm* tl tb tlerbm jnt qbd`cbmkndl`mbt brq`ybnt-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk`11

* jnt Ltjnt Anjbnqbt d`m{lm÷nm tlbmk` jn d`crmlknk d`m rm cbm`q y`qdbm{ngb kbj ent{` bm LK

t`aqb bj YLA (kbj 9*48",* vnj`q m`{najbcbm{b lmfbql`q n jn cbkln mndl`mnj kb rm >*48"- D`m qbtybd{` n jn

klt{qlardlôm tbd{`qlnj kb bt{b ent{`* bj ;6*88" jn qbnjlwn jn Rmlvbqtlknk kb jnt Ltjnt Anjbnqbt? rm 45*6" jn

11 Tbe÷m jn Cbc qln nmrnj kbj D`mtbjj Bd`môcld l T`dlnj DBT kb Anjbnqbt-




14 z

nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn* | tôj` rm >2*21" bj tbd{`q yqlvnk`- Jnt Ltjnt Anjbnqbt {`knvãn bt{îm cr| jbg`t kb

d`mtberlq ~rb jn ynq{ldlyndlôm yqlvnkn bm bj ent{` jjberb n k`t {bqdl`t kb jn {`{nj* {nj d`c` tb yqb{bmkãn d`m jn

Bt{qn{beln kb Jlta`n ynqn bj 19>9-

Rmn qbvltlôm kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj ltjbþ` yq`y`qdl`mn rmn vltlôm cît kb{njjnkn kb jn bt{qrd{rqn kb jnbd`m`cãn kb Anjbnqbt | kb Ynjcn bm ynq{ldrjnq- D`m j`t kn{`t kbj KLQDB

14tb yrbkb d`cyqànq ~rb bm bj nþ`

19>9 bj m÷cbq` kb bcyqbtnt bm jnt Ltjnt Anjbnqbt frb kb 8<-261* tlbmk` jnt dlmd` yqlmdlynjbt qncnt kb

nd{lvlknk y`q bj m÷cbq` kb bcyqbtnt7 d`cbqdl` nj kb{njjb* d`m >1-><2 bcyqbtnt? d`mt{qrddlôm* d`m >>-965

bcyqbtnt? tbqvldl`t kb d`clknt | abalknt* d`m 8-;44 bcyqbtnt? nd{lvlknkbt kb d`mt{qrddlôm btybdlnjlwnkn*

d`m 2-21< bcyqbtnt? | d`cbqdl` nj y`q cn|`q* d`m ;-489 bcyqbtnt- [ncalìm hn| ~rb kbt{ndnq ~rb jnt

cldq`bcyqbtnt (kb 9 n < ntnjnqlnk`t, qbyqbtbm{nm bj <2*2" kbj {`{nj (82-219 bcyqbtnt,* kb jnt drnjbt bj 22*5"

(;5-642 bcyqbtnt, t`m bcyqbtnql`t nr{ôm`c`t | bj 18*8" (1;-665 bcyqbtnt, {lbmbm tôj` rm` ` k`t

ntnjnqlnk`t-

Bj KLQDB m` yq`y`qdl`mn kn{`t kbtneqbenk`t n mlvbj crmldlynj* ntã ~rb ynqn d`m`dbq j`t kn{`t

d`qqbty`mklbm{bt n Ynjcn bt mbdbtnql` ndrklq n `{qnt frbm{bt* d`c` bj dbmt` kb bcyqbtnt kb Dncbqkn{n1;

*

~rb lmf`qcn kb jnt bcyqbtnt kb nj{n bm bj Lcyrbt{` kb Nd{lvlknkbt Bd`môcldnt (LNB,-

14 KLQDB* Klqbd{`ql Dbm{qnj kb Bcyqbtnt ~rb bjna`qn nmrnjcbm{b bj LMB- Tb r{ljlwn d`c` frbm{b fldlnj kb qbfbqbmdln bt{nkãt{ldn-

1; Dncbqkn{n bt rmn t`dlbknk dqbnkn y`q jnt Dîcnqnt kb D`cbqdl btynþ`jnt ~rb qbdèb bm tr fldhbq` kb bcyqbtnt kn{`t `fldlnjbt tàqbìt{nt-




z 1;

Tbe÷m bt{b qbelt{q`* bm bj nþ` 19>9 hnaãn kb cbkln rm {`{nj kb 44-><5 bcyqbtnt bm Ynjcn (rm 45" kb jnt

qbelt{qnknt bm Anjbnqbt, ~rb tb d`mdbm{qnanm bm j`t tlerlbm{bt byãeqnfbt7 d`cbqdl` nj kb{njjb kb yq`krd{`t

lm{beqnjbt m` njlcbm{nql`t (>6",? tbqvldl`t kb njlcbm{ndlôm (>>*>",? tbqvldl`t yqbt{nk`t n jnt bcyqbtnt (<*<",?

d`mt{qrddlôm (<*>",? tbqvldl`t nrxljlnqbt flmnmdlbq`t* kb tberq`t | nd{lvlknkbt lmc`aljlnqlnt (6*4",? d`cbqdl` nj

y`q cn|`q (2*5",? | nj~rljbq kb albmbt lmcrbajbt (;*<",- Nrm~rb bj KLQDB | Dncbqkn{n m` t`m frbm{bt

klqbd{ncbm{b d`cynqnajbt* yrbkb vbqtb ~rb n eqnmkbt qnte`t bt{n klt{qlardlôm bt tlcljnq n jn kbj d`mgrm{`

qbel`mnj* bxdby{` y`q rm cn|`q ybt` kb jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbt flmnmdlbqnt | kb tbqvldl`t n jnt bcyqbtnt* ~rb tb

d`mdbm{qnm bm jn dnyl{nj- Bm qbtrcbm (vbq {najn 6,* bj neqbenk` kb d`cbqdl`* h`t{bjbqãn | qbynqndl`mbt* grm{`

d`m jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbt flmnmdlbqnt | kb tbqvldl`t n jnt bcyqbtnt d`mdbm{qnm bj 68*>" kbj {`{nj kb nd{lvlknkbt

bd`môcldnt bm Ynjcn- Jb tlerbm bj d`mgrm{` kb `{q`t tbqvldl`t (d`m rm >4*>" kbj {`{nj, | jn d`mt{qrddlôm

(<*>",- Jn lmkrt{qln* y`q tr ynq{b* nybmnt {lbmb yqbtbmdln bm Ynjcn (6" kbj {`{nj kb bcyqbtnt,-

[najn 6- Klt{qlardlôm kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt kb Ynjcn* 19>9

Byãeqnfbt Cbkln 19>9 " t/{`{nj Ynjcn " t/Cnjj`qdn

>- Bmbqeãn | nern >45 9*;" 1>*<"

1- Bx{qnddlôm | {qnmtf`qcndlôm kb clmbqnjbt m`bmbqeì{ld`t | yq`krd{`t kbqlvnk`t- Lmkrt{qln ~rãcldn-

<; 9*4" 11*;"

4-Lmkrt{qlnt {qnmtf`qcnk`qnt kb j`t cb{njbt* cbdîmldnkb yqbdltlôm

68; 1*>" ;8*2"

;- @{qnt lmkrt{qlnt cnmrfnd{rqbqnt >-954 4*1" ;9*<"

2- D`mt{qrddlôm 4-9>6 <*>" ;4*2"

6- D`cbqdl`* qbt{nrqnm{bt* nj`gnclbm{`t* qbynqndl`mbt >;-454 ;4*4" ;5*>"

5- [qnmty`q{b | d`crmldndl`mbt >-12> 4*8" 2;*<"

8- Lmt{l{rdl`mbt flmnmdlbqnt* tberq`t* tbqvldl`t nbcyqbtnt | nj~rljbqbt

8-142 1;*8" 28*;"

<- @{q`t tbqvldl`t ;-44; >4*>" 22*6"

Frbm{b7 Dncbqkn{n

Y`q `{q` jnk`* jn [bt`qbqãn Ebmbqnj kb jn Tberqlknk T`dlnj ([ETT, {ncalìm lmf`qcn kb jn bv`jrdlôm bm Ynjcn kb

jnt bcyqbtnt (dbm{q`t kb {qnang`* bm qbnjlknk, d`m ntnjnqlnk`t kb nj{n* ntã d`c` kb j`t nr{ôm`c`t*

kbtneqbenk`t y`q tbddl`mbt bd`môcldnt tbe÷m jn DMNB <4 ` DMNB 9< tbe÷m j`t nþ`t (vbq {najnt 5 n >9,-

Tbe÷m jn [ETT* bm Ynjcn qnkldnqãnm >8-9;< dbm{q`t kb {qnang` d`m nj cbm`t rm ntnjnqlnk` | 12-2><

{qnangnk`qbt nr{ôm`c`t bm 19>9- Nrm~rb kb mrbv`* jnt dlfqnt kb jnt nm{bql`qbt frbm{bt* Dncbqkn{n | [ETT*

m` t`m d`cynqnajbt yrbt lmf`qcnm kb klfbqbm{bt qbelt{q`t* eq`tt` c`k` j`t y`qdbm{ngbt kb klt{qlardlôm bm{qb

nd{lvlknkbt t`m tlcljnqbt-

Bfbd{lvncbm{b* yrbkb vbqtb ~rb jnt tbddl`mbt kb nd{lvlknk d`m cît bcyqbtnt lmtdql{nt bm 19>9 t`m* y`q bt{b

`qkbm7 d`cbqdl` nj y`q cn|`q | clm`qlt{n* d`m 4-52> dbm{q`t kb {qnang` (19*8" kbj {`{nj kb lmtdql{`t,?

h`t{bjbqãn (>-<15* rm >9*6",? d`mt{qrddlôm (>-842* rm >9*>",? jnt nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt |

{ìdmldnt (>-;41* rm 5*<",? `{q`t tbqvldl`t (>->;4* rm 6*4", | jnt nd{lvlknkbt nkclmlt{qn{lvnt (>-91>* rm 2*6",-

Cbmdlôm nynq{b cbqbdbm j`t h`enqbt d`c` bcyjbnk`qbt kb tbqvldl` k`cìt{ld`* ~rb m` yrbkbm d`mtlkbqnqtb

bcyqbtnt yq`ylncbm{b-




12 z

Y`q tr ynq{b* jnt tbddl`mbt kb nd{lvlknk d`m rm cn|`q m÷cbq` kb nr{ôm`c`t qbelt{qnk`t t`m {ncalìm7

d`cbqdl` nj y`q cn|`q | clm`qlt{n (6-98; nr{ôm`c`t* rm 14*8",* d`mt{qrddlôm (4-865* rm >2*>",* h`t{bjbqãn

(4->64*4* rm >1*;",* `{q`t tbqvldl`t (1->9;* rm 8*12, | jnt nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt

(1-929* rm 8",-

N ybtnq kb ~rb bj dncal` kb djntlfldndlôm DMNB m` ybqcl{b bt{najbdbq d`cynqndl`mbt klqbd{nt bm{qb nþ`t*

yrbkbm nyqbdlnqtb jnt {bmkbmdlnt bm jn bv`jrdlôm kb jnt yqlmdlynjbt nd{lvlknkbt- Ntã* n~rbjjnt tbddl`mbt kb

nd{lvlknk ~rb dqbdbm {nm{` bm bj ybqã`k` yqb#dqltlt (1999#1995, d`c` y`t{#dqltlt (199<#19>9,* (vbq {najnt 5*8*<

| >9, lmkbybmklbm{bcbm{b kb jn d`|rm{rqn bd`môcldn | y`q bmdlcn kb jn cbkln kb dqbdlclbm{`* t`m7

h`t{bjbqãn? lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt? nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt? | nd{lvlknkbt

flmnmdlbqnt | kb tberq`t bm bj dnt` kb jnt bcyqbtnt d`m ntnjnqlnk`t- Y`q tr jnk`* bm{qb j`t nr{ôm`c`t* jnt

tbddl`mbt ~rb cbg`q qbnddl`mnm t`m* d`lmdlklbmk` d`m bj dnt` nm{bql`q* lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt |

nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt? ybq` nkbcît {ncalìm jn bkrdndlôm | jnt nd{lvlknkbtyq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt-

Bm drnj~rlbq dnt`* dnab nkvbq{lq ~rb* nrm~rb jnt tbqlbt bt{nkãt{ldnt tb r{ljldbm ynqn yqbvbq bj fr{rq` kbtnqq`jj`

kb j`t tbd{`qbt bd`môcld`t* ÷mldncbm{b yq`y`qdl`mnm d`m tberqlknk rmn f`{` kbj yntnk`- D`m`dbq ~rì

nd{lvlknkbt {lbmbm cît yq`analjlknkbt kb dqbdlclbm{` bm bj fr{rq` lcyjldnqãn rmn lmvbt{lendlôm drnjl{n{lvn nk

h`d bm{qb bxybq{`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt | ndnkìcld`t d`m`dbk`qbt kb jn qbnjlknk j`dnj-

[najn 5- Klt{qlardlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt d`m ntnjnqlnk`t y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt* Ynjcn* 1999#1995

BCYQBTBT NCA NTTNJNQLN[T # DMNB#<4 — F@M[7 [ETT 1-999 1-995 " VNQ-

(N, NEQLDRJ[RQN* ENMNKBQÃN* TLJVLDRJ[RQN \ YBTDN ;>; >6< #2<*4"

(A, YBTDN 6; ;5 #15*9"

(D, LMKRT[QLNT BX[QND[LVNT >5 >8 1*<"

(K, LMKRT[QLN CNMRFND[RQBQN >->;; >-9;; #8*8"

(B, YQ@KRDDLÔM \ KLT[QLA- BJBD[QLDLKNK*ENT \ NERN 14 12 5*2"

(F, D@MT[QRDDLÔM 1-99< 1-46> >5*2"

(E, D@CBQDL@? QBYNQNDLÔM VBHÃDRJ@T KB C@[@Q \ NQ[- YBQT@MNJBT ;-><9 ;-4>5 4*9"

(H, H@[BJBQLN >-589 >-<;; <*1"

(L, [QNMTY@Q[B \ NJCNDBMNCLBM[@ 81; <48 >4*8"

(G, LM[BQCBKLNDLÔM FLMNMDLBQN 118 1;; 6*<"(O, ND[LVLKNKBT LMC@ALJLNQLNT \ TBQVT- BCYQBTNQLNJBT 1-;>8 4-4;6 48*;"

(J, NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM Y×AJLDN \ KBFBMTN? TBERQLKNK T@DLNJ >>> >12 >>*<"

(C, BKRDNDLÔM 465 ;11 >;*<"

(M, ND[LVLKNKBT TNML[ÉQLNT \ KB TBQVLDL@TT T@DLNJBT 22< 6;6 >2*5"

(@, @[QNT ND[LVT TT- T@DLNJBT \ N JN D@CRMLKNK? TT- YBQT@MNJBT >-429 >-2>9 >>*8"

(Y, H@ENQBT D@C@ BCYJBNK@QBT KB YBQT@MNJ K@CÌT[LD@? >-194 1-;22 >9;*>"

(R, @QENMLWNDL@MBT \ @QENMLTC@T BX[QN[BQQL[@QLNJBT < < 9*9"

Tlm djntlfldnq 4 9 #>99*9"

[`{nj >6-5>4 ><-6>6 >5*;"

Frbm{b7 [ETT n {qnvìt kb Labt{n{




z 16

[najn 8- Klt{qlardlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt d`m ntnjnqlnk`t y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt* Ynjcn* 199<#19>9

BCYQBTBT NCA NTTNJNQLN[T # DMNB#9< — F@M[7 [ETT 1-99< 1-9>9 " VNQ-

(N, NEQLDRJ[RQN* ENMNKBQÃN* TLJVLDRJ[RQN \ YBTDN >24 >;; #2*2"

(A, LMKRT[QLNT BX[QND[LVNT >5 >5 9"

(D, LMKRT[QLN CNMRFND[RQBQN <>2 869 #6*9"(K, TRCLMLT[Q@ KB BMBQEÃN BJÌD[QLDN* ENT* VNY@Q \ NLQB ND@MKLDL@MNK@ >< 11 >1*>"

(B, TRCLMLT[Q@ KB NERN* ND[LVLKNKBT KB TNMBNCLBM[@* EBT[LÔM KBQBTLKR@T \ KBTD@M[NCLMNDLÔM

49 41 5*<"

(

F, D@MT[QRDDLÔM 1-926 >-842 #>9*5"

(E, D@CBQDL@ NJ Y@Q CN\@Q \ NJ Y@Q CBM@Q? QBYNQNDLÔM KB VBHÃDRJ@T KBC@[@Q \ C@[@DLDJB[NT

4-885 4-52> #4*2"

(

H, [QNMTY@Q[B \ NJCNDBMNCLBM[@ 6<8 599 9*4"

(L, H@T[BJBQÃN >-852 >-<15 1*8"

(G, LMF@QCNDLÔM \ D@CRMLDNDL@MBT 416 41< >*>"

(O, ND[LVLKNKBT FLMNMDLBQNT \ KB TBERQ@T 1;2 1;8 >*1"

(J, ND[LVLKNKBT LMC@ALJLNQLNT 45> 42< #4*>"

(C, ND[LVLKNKBT YQ@FBTL@MNJBT* DLBM[ÃFLDNT \ [ÌDMLDNT >-;4> >-;41 9*>"(M, ND[LVLKNKBT NKCLMLT[QN[LVNT \ TBQVLDL@T NRXLJLNQBT >-951 >-91> #;*8"

(@, NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM Y×AJLDN \ KBFBMTN? TBERQLKNK T@DLNJ @AJLEN[@QLN >;9 >4< #9*5"

(Y, BKRDNDLÔM ;;> ;4< #9*2"

(^, ND[LVLKNKBT TNML[NQLNT \ KB TBQVLDL@T T@DLNJBT 6;> 6;2 9*5"

(Q, ND[LVLKNKBT NQ[ÃT[LDNT* QBDQBN[LVNT \ KB BM[QB[BMLCLBM[@ 498 1<; #;*4"

(T, @[Q@T TBQVLDL@T >->25 >->;4 #>*1"

([, H@ENQBT D@C@ BCYJBNK@QBT KB YBQT@MNJ K@CÌT[LD@ 1-5;2 1-59; #>*2"

(R, @QENMLWNDL@MBT \ @QENMLTC@T BX[QN[BQQL[@QLNJBT < 8 #>1*9"

Tlm djntlfldnq 9 9 9"

[`{nj >8-24; >8-9;< #1*6"


[najn <- Klt{qlardlôm kb j`t nr{ôm`c`t y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt* Ynjcn* 1999#1995

NR[ÑM@CT # DMNB#<4 — F@M[7 [ETT 1-999 1-995 " VNQ-

(N, NEQLDRJ[RQN* ENMNKBQÃN* TLJVLDRJ[RQN \ YBTDN >5> 151 2<*1"

(A, YBTDN 1 1 9*9"

(D, , LMKRT[QLNT BX[QND[LVNT >4 19 ;6*4"

(K, LMKRT[QLN CNMRFND[RQBQN >-15; >-6>4 16*6"

(B, YQ@KRDDLÔM \ KLT[QLA- BJBD[QLDLKNK*ENT \ NERN 6 >9 61*2"

(F, D@MT[QRDDLÔM 4-1>> ;-544 ;5*;"

(E, D@CBQDL@? QBYNQNDLÔM VBHÃDRJ@T KB C@[@Q \ NQ[- YBQT@MNJBT 6->26 5-69< 14*6"

(H, H@[BJBQLN 1-<>; 4-452 >2*8"

(L, [QNMTY@Q[B \ NJCNDBMNCLBM[@ >-865 1->42 >;*;"

(G, LM[BQCBKLNDLÔM FLMNMDLBQN 4;6 21> 29*6"

(O, ND[LVLKNKBT LMC@ALJLNQLNT \ TBQVT- BCYQBTNQLNJBT 1-169 ;-19< 86*4"

(J, NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM Y×AJLDN \ KBFBMTN? TBERQLKNK T@DLNJ 1 ; >99*9"

(C, BKRDNDLÔM ;>4 6>8 ;<*6"

(M, ND[LVLKNKBT TNML[ÉQLNT \ KB TBQVLDL@TT T@DLNJBT ;1< 89> 86*;"

(@, @[QNT ND[LVT TT- T@DLNJBT \ N JN D@CRMLKNK? TT- YBQT@MNJBT >-;22 >-<6< 42*;"

(Y, H@ENQBT D@C@ BCYJBNK@QBT KB YBQT@MNJ K@CÌT[LD@? 1 4 29*9"

(R, @QENMLWNDL@MBT \ @QENMLTC@T BX[QN[BQQL[@QLNJBT 9 > >99*9"

Tlm djntlfldnq >28 9 #>99*9"

[`{nj 19-689 15-8<5 4;*<"





15 z

[najn >9 - Klt{qlardlôm kb j`t nr{ôm`c`t y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt* Ynjcn* 199<#19>9

NR[ÑM@CT # DMNB#9< — F@M[7 [ETT 1-99< 1-9>9 " VNQ-

(N, NEQLDRJ[RQN* ENMNKBQÃN* TLJVLDRJ[RQN \ YBTDN ><> >55 #5*>"

(A, LMKRT[QLNT BX[QND[LVNT >2 >; #5*1"

(D, LMKRT[QLN CNMRFND[RQBQN >-29; >-;>6 #2*8"

(K, TRCLMLT[Q@ KB BMBQEÃN BJÌD[QLDN* ENT* VNY@Q \ NLQBND@MKLDL@MNK@

8 8 >*9"

(

B, TRCLMLT[Q@ KB NERN* ND[LVLKNKBT KB TNMBNCLBM[@* EBT[LÔM KBQBTLKR@T \ KBTD@M[NCLMNDLÔM

>; >; #>*1"

(F, D@MT[QRDDLÔM ;-4<> 4-865 #>>*<"

(E, D@CBQDL@ NJ Y@Q CN\@Q \ NJ Y@Q CBM@Q? QBYNQNDLÔM KBVBHÃDRJ@T KB C@[@Q \ C@[@DLDJB[NT

6->6; 6-982 #>*4"

(

H, [QNMTY@Q[B \ NJCNDBMNCLBM[@ >-8;9 >-55; #4*6"

(L, H@T[BJBQÃN 4-19< 4->64 #>*;"

(G, LMF@QCNDLÔM \ D@CRMLDNDL@MBT ;55 296 6*1"

(O, ND[LVLKNKBT FLMNMDLBQNT \ KB TBERQ@T 2>; 294 #1*4"

(J, ND[LVLKNKBT LMC@ALJLNQLNT 455 452 #9*2"

(C, ND[LVLKNKBT YQ@FBTL@MNJBT* DLBM[ÃFLDNT \ [ÌDMLDNT 1-991 1-929 1*;"

(M, ND[LVLKNKBT NKCLMLT[QN[LVNT \ TBQVLDL@T NRXLJLNQBT >-256 >-;56 #6*;"

(@, NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM Y×AJLDN \ KBFBMTN? TBERQLKNK T@DLNJ @AJLEN[@QLN 2 2 9*9"

(Y, BKRDNDLÔM 646 628 4*6"

(^, ND[LVLKNKBT TNML[NQLNT \ KB TBQVLDL@T T@DLNJBT 589 58> 9*>"

(Q, ND[LVLKNKBT NQ[ÃT[LDNT* QBDQBN[LVNT \ KB BM[QB[BMLCLBM[@ 228 2;9 #4*4"

(T, @[Q@T TBQVLDL@T 1-14< 1->9; #6*9"

([, T H@ENQBT D@C@ BCYJBNK@QBT KB YBQT@MNJ K@CÌT[LD@? D@C@YQ@KRD[@QBT KB ALBMBT \ TBQVLDL@T YNQN RT@ YQ@YL@

1 1 #>>*>"

(

R, ND[LVLKNKBT KB @QENMLWNDL@MBT \ @QENMLTC@T BX[QN[BQQL[@QLNJBT > > 9*9"

Tlm djntlfldnq 9 9 #

[`{nj 16-296 12-2>< #4*5"


Flmnjcbm{b* y`q tr lcy`q{nmdln bm bj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj ynjcbtnm`* dnab kb{bmbqtb n bt{rklnq bj ybqflj kb j`t

bt{najbdlclbm{`t d`cbqdlnjbt kb Ynjcn n {qnvìt kb jn bmdrbt{n qbnjlwnkn y`q bj LC[RQ krqnm{b bj drnq{`

{qlcbt{qb kb 19>9 n dbqdn kb 199 d`cbqdl`t kb jn dnyl{nj- Nrm~rb bj {ncnþ` kb jn crbt{qn jlcl{n jn

d`mflnaljlknk kb trt qbtrj{nk`t* jnt dlfqnt yq`y`qdl`mnm rmn `qlbm{ndlôm t`aqb tr {ncnþ` | ybqflj (vbq {najn

>>,-

Bm yqlcbq jrenq* tb `atbqvn ~rb jn cn|`qãn (68*4", klty`mb kb rm t j` j`dnj* kbj ~rb kltfqr{n bm yq`ylbknk

(52*1", | ~rb drbm{n d`m rmn nm{leúbknk d`mt`jlknkn* kb cît kb >9 nþ`t bm rm y`qdbm{ngb cr| bjbvnk`

(;9*6",- Cît kb jn cl{nk t`m yb~rbþ`t d`cbqdl`t ~rb drbm{nm d`m rm` (45*6", ` k`t {qnangnk`qbt (>5*8",

d`m{qn{nk`t kb f`qcn flgn (8<*8",? bm tr cn|`qãn h`caqbt (5>*9", ~rb {qnangnm bm h`qnql` ynq{lk` (66*4",-

Kb tr eqnk` kb c`kbqmlwndlôm yrbkb kbt{ndnqtb ~rb tl albm rm y`qdbm{ngb d`mtlkbqnajb klty`mb kb uba

yq`yln (64*;",* dntl mlmerm` (8>*>", hn nd`cb{lk` {`knvãn jn vbm{n d`cbqdlnj y`q Lm{bqmb{- [ncy`d`

klty`mbm kb w`mn `r{jb{ (88*>", | tôj` ybqcl{bm jn trt{l{rdlôm kbj yq`krd{` bm dnt` kb kbv`jrdlôm (61*4",-

Bm drnm{` n tr nddbtlaljlknk* rmn cn|`qãn m` drbm{n d`m ynqolme ynqn trt djlbm{bt (<8", ml hn y`klk` nkbdrnq

trt btyndl`t ynqn yq`y`qdl`mnq nddbtlaljlknk ynqn jnt ybqt`mnt d`m kltdnyndlknk (61*;",-




z 18

[najn >>- Dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt kb j`t bt{najbdlclbm{`t d`cbqdlnjbt* Ynjcn* 19>9

DNQND[BQÃT[LDNT Y`qdbm{ngb

J`dnjbt y`q dnkbmn

Rm` 62*4"

Klvbqt`t 4>*5"

Nm{leúbknk kb j`t d`cbqdl`t

Cbm`t kb > nþ` >1*<"

Bm{qb > | 2 nþ`t 1>*8"

Bm{qb 6 | >9 nþ`t 1;*8"

Bm{qb >> | 19 nþ`t >1*<"

Cît kb 19 nþ`t 15*5"

[ly` kb bt{najbdlclbm{`

Yq`yl` 52*1"

Dnkbmn >9*<"

Fqnm~rldln 8*<"

@{q`t 9*2"

Nddbtlaljlknk

Tl 45*6"

M` 61*;"

Ynqolme eqn{rl{`

Tl 1*9"

M` <8*9"

W@MNT \ CBKL@T KB [QNMTY@Q[B Y`qdbm{ngb

W`mnt kb d`cyqn

Gnrcb LL* A`qm* b{d- 65*9"

Tlmkldn{* Dlr{n{ Nm{len* Nqebm{bqln*yjnån Cng`q* b{d-

2>*2"

Yjnån Cbqdn{* jn Qncajn* @ct* b{d- ><*>"

Nvlmerkbt* Nqneô* Dbm{qb M`r* b{d- >8*<"

Ynttble Cnqã{lc* Y`q{`yã >1*<"

D`jj k“bm Qbanttn* Dnm Ynt{ljjn* Yjn{gnkb Ynjcn

>9*1"

4> kb Kbtbcaqb* Ajnm~rbqmn* NrtlntCnqdh* b{d-

1*6"

Dnjn Cng`q 9*<"

@{q`t 1*1"

Mt/Md >*6"

Cbkl`t kb {qnmty`q{b bcyjbnk`tDnclmnmk` 51*2"

Nr{`a÷t 46*6"

D`dhb 19*;"

[nxl 2*8"

C`{` >*2"

Aldldjb{n 9*5"

Mt/Md 9*;"

YBQFLJ RTRNQL@T Y`qdbm{ngb

Mndl`mnjlknk

Btynþ`jn 49*6"

Bx{qnmgbqn 6<*;"

Tbx`

H`caqbt 26*8"

Crgbqbt 14*1>"

Bknk

Cbm`t kb >8 nþ`t 9*5"

Kb >8 n 1; nþ`t >9*1"

Kb 12 n 4; nþ`t >8*9"

Kb 42 n ;; nþ`t >5*5"

Kb ;2 n 2; nþ`t 1>*5"

Kb 22 n 6; nþ`t >2*>"

Kb 62 | cît nþ`t >6*9"

Mt/Md 9*2"

@dryndlôm

Bcyjbnk`/n 41*8"

Graljnk`/n ><*4"

Yq`fbtl`mnj {ìdmld`/n >2*2"

Bcyjbnk`/n kb h`enq <*>"

Klqbd{lv`/n* ebqbm{b* frmdl`mnql`/n 5*>"

Bt{rklnm{b 8*<"

M` {qnangn 2*2"

@{qn tl{rndlôm >*2"

Mt/Md 9*;"

Mlvbj kb bt{rkl`t Nmnjfnab{`t/nt 9*;"

>bq eqnk` >*>"

1· eqnk` >bq dldj` ;*5"

1· eqnk` 1· dldj` ;<*<"

Klyj`cn{rqn 14*>"

Jldbmdln{rqn 19*8"

C@CBM[@ KB D@CYQN Y`qdbm{ngb

H`qnql`

Kb < n >1 h --Kb >1 n >4749 h --

Kb >4749 n >2 h --

Kb >2 n >8 h --

Kb >8 n 1> h --

C`cbm{` kb jn tbcnmn

Bm{qb tbcnmn ;1*8"

Flmbt kb tbcnmn 12"

Nca`t 1<*4

Mt/Md 1*<"




1< z

d`cbqdl`

YBQT@MNJ BCYJBNK@ Y`qdbm{ngb

Ybqt`mnj d`m{qn{nk`

Tlm {qnangnk`qbt/nt >;*<"

> ybqt`mn 45*6"

1 ybqt`mnt >5*8"

4 ybqt`mnt <*<"; cît ybqt`mnt ><*8"

[ly`jèãn kbj ybqt`mnj d`m{qn{nk`

Ybqt`mnj flg` 8<*8"

Ybqt`mnj bvbm{rnj <*8"

Ybqt`mnj m` qbcrmbqnk` 9*;"

Tbx` kbj ybqt`mnj d`m{qn{nk`

H`caqbt 5>*9"

Crgbqbt 1<*9"

H`qnql`

D`m{lmr` 44*5"

Ynq{lk` 66*4"

Y@JÃ[LDN D@CBQDLNJ Y`qdbm{ngb

Klty`mlaljlknk kb uba

Tl 64*;"

M` 46*6"

Vbm{n y`q lm{bqmb{

Tl >8*<"M` 8>*>"

Klty`mlaljlknk kb w`mnt r{jb{

Tl >>*<"

M` 88*>"

Y`jã{ldnt kb kbv`jrdl`mbt

Trt{l{rdlôm 61*4"

Kbv`jrdlôm lcy`q{b 45*6"

Vnjbt y`q bj lcy`q{b 1;*8"

@{q`t 2*<"

Frbm{b7 LC[RQ n {qnvìt kbj @atbqvn{`ql Crmldlynj kb jn Lernj{n{

Bm drnm{` nj ybqflj kb trt djlbm{bt * bm tr cn|`q ynq{b t`m mndl`mnjbt (6<*6",* kb ;2 n 6; nþ`t (46*8",*

ntnjnqlnk`t (41*8", ` graljnk`t (><*4", | d`m bt{rkl`t kb tbermk` eqnk` kb tbdrmknqln (;<*<",- Bj c`cbm{`

kb d`cyqn cît hnal{rnj bt bm kãn jna`qnajb (;1*8",* n ÷j{lcn h`qn kb jn {nqkb (kbj 2>*<" nj ;;*5" tbe÷m tbnm

` m` qbtlkbm{bt,- Trbjbm ndrklq dnclmnmk` (51*2", | jnt w`mnt cît vltl{nknt t`m Gnlcb LLL | A`qmb (65*9", |

Tlmkldn{` | njqbkbk`qbt (2>*2",* tberlknt n m`{najb klt{nmdln y`q Nvbmlknt | jnt Qncajnt (nyq`xlcnkncbm{b><" bm nca`t dnt`t,-

Tàqb jn lcyjnm{ndlôm kb jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt bm{qb jnt Y\CB kb Ynjcn yrbkbm {ncalìm cbmdl`mnqtb j`t

kn{`t yrajldnk`t y`q LAL[12 n ynq{lq kb rmn bmdrbt{n qbnjlwnkn bm Anjbnqbt 199<- Bm{qb trt d`mdjrtl`mbt

kbt{ndnknt* tb nyqbdln ~rb tôj` rm ;8" kb jnt cldq`bcyqbtnt kb 2 n < {qnangnk`qbt klty`mb kb tl{l` uba

yq`yl` | bj cltc` y`qdbm{ngb kbj ;8" bt{î klty`mlajb bm lmejìt- ×mldncbm{b rm 1;*4" kb bjjnt hn lmvbq{lk` bm

yrajldlknk bm lm{bqmb{ krqnm{b bj ÷j{lc` nþ`-

12 Jbt [LD n jn YLCB anjbnq* Bt{rkl tàqb bj eqnr k“lcyjnm{ndlô kb jbt {bdm jèlbt kb jn lmf`qcndlôm l jn d`crmldndlô n jbt YLCB kb jbt Ljjbt

Anjbnqt* Bt{rkl bjna`qn{ ybq j“@atbqvn{`ql Anjbnq kb jn T`dlb{n{ kb jn Lmf`qcndlô kb jn Frmkndlô lAl{-




z 49

Nkbcît* tôj` rm 6*;" kb Y\CB kbj tbd{`q kbj d`cbqdl` nflqcn hnabq vbmklk` albmbt ` tbqvldl`t y`q Lm{bqmb{

krqnm{b bj ÷j{lc` nþ` (bm bj tbd{`q kb jn h`t{bjbqãn ntdlbmkb nj 45*4",* nrm~rb rm 4;" kb bjjnt hn d`cyqnk`

nje÷m tbqvldl` krqnm{b bj ÷j{lc` nþ`-

Btybdãfldncbm{b bm Ynjcn* jn klfrtlôm kb jnt [LD | bj d`cbqdl` bjbd{qômld` bt cbg`qnajb- Ntã* nrm~rb rm 5<*5"kb jnt Y\CB {lbmb nddbt` n Lm{bqmb{* tôj` rm ;8" klty`mb kb [YV

16* jn ybmb{qndlôm kb jnt hbqqnclbm{nt

crj{lcbkln bt kbj 19*<"* ÷mldncbm{b rm 46*2" hn yqnd{ldnk` bj d`cbqdl` bjbd{qômld` d`m `{qnt bcyqbtnt |

tôj` dbqdn kb rm 1;" hn lmvbq{lk` bm yrajldlknk bm jn qbk bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ`-

Bm qbtrcbm* t`aqb jn tl{rndlôm kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj ynjcbtnm` yrbkbm qbdrybqnqtb jnt d`mdjrtl`mbt vlt{nt

bm jn bv`jrdlôm kb jn bd`m`cãn anjbnq- Y`q rm jnk`* yqbk`clmnm j`t yb~rbþ`t bt{najbdlclbm{`t {qnkldl`mnjbt

d`m jlcl{nk`t qbdrqt`t | rm c`kbqnk` eqnk` kb lmm`vndlôm ~rb yrbkb ny`|nqtb d`m cbklknt bmdnclmnknt n

cbg`qnq bj bm{`qm` bcyqbtnqlnj | f`cbm{nq jn d`cyb{bmdln- [ncalìm tbqãn d`mvbmlbm{b klty`mbq kb rm cn|`q

m÷cbq` kb lmvbt{lendl`mbt kb cbqdnk` ~rb ybqcl{nm kbtdqlalq bm yq`frmklknk jnt yqlmdlynjbt dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt

kb jn kbcnmkn d`cbqdlnj y`q îqbnt | tbd{`qbt* ntã d`c` kbflmlq jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb jnt ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt kbtkb jn ybqtybd{lvn kb jn `fbq{n d`cbqdlnj-

Y`q `{q` jnk`* j`t kn{`t kb jn Tberqlknk T`dlnj |n crbt{qnm rm lcyrjt` d`m{lmrnk` kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt kb

lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt | kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt- Dnaqãn knq t`y`q{b n

ncant ynqn f`cbm{nq bj kbtnqq`jj` kb j`t tbd{`qbt bd`môcld`t nj{bqmn{lv`t* btybdlnjcbm{b kb j`t antnk`t bm

jn t`dlbknk kbj d`m`dlclbm{` | jn lmm`vndlôm-

16 [YV7 [bqclmnj Yrm{` kb Vbm{n ~rb ybqcl{b d`aqnq d`m {nqgb{n-




4> z

Bj cbqdnk kb {qnang bm Anjbnqbt | Ynjcn kb Cnjj qdn-

Bm 19>9 bj {`{nj kb `drynk`t bm Anjbnqbt bqn tbe÷m jn BYN kb ;59-;99 ybqt`mnt- Tbe÷m tr bt{lcndlôm* bm{qb

j`t nþ`t kb bxynmtlôm 1992 | 1998 j`t {qnangnk`qbt `drynk`t dqbdlbq`m bm ;>-599 ybqt`mnt (rm 8*<",* dntl jn

cltcn dlfqn bm jn ~rb kltclmr|bq`m bm{qb 1998 | 19>9 (#4<-;99 ybqt`mnt* rm 5*5",- Ybq` jn BYN m`

yq`y`qdl`mn kbtneqbendl`mbt n mlvbj crmldlynj-

Eqîfld` 6- Bv`jrdlôm kb jn nfljlndlôm n jn T- T`dlnj bm Anjbnqbt | Ynjcn* 1992#19>9


Y`q bt` d`mvlbmb qbdrqqlq n jn Tberqlknk T`dlnj15

* ~rb kb tr ynq{b d`m{naljlwn bm bj {`{nj kb qbeãcbmbt ;>>-6>5

`drynk`t kb cbkln bm 19>9- Kb ndrbqk` n bt{n frbm{b* bj bcyjb` dqbdlô bm{qb 1992 | 1995 bm 42-5>8

ybqt`mnt (cbkln kbj 8*;",* c`cbm{` n ynq{lq kbj drnj hn kbdqbdlk`* hnt{n 19>9* bm ;<->;> ybqt`mnt (rm

>9*5",- Btybdãfldncbm{b bm Ynjcn jn yàjndlôm `drynkn qbelt{qnkn bm 19>9 bt kb ><1-8;; ybqt`mnt* bj ;5"

kb j`t `drynk`t bm bj d`mgrm{` kb jn d`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn- Tr dqbdlclbm{` qbjn{lv` bm{qb 1992 | 1995 frb

jlebqncbm{b trybql`q nj kb Anjbnqbt (>8-2<< ybqt`mnt* rm <*2",* clbm{qnt ~rb jn dnãkn bm{qb 1995 | 19>9 hn

tlk` {ncalìm rm y`d` lmfbql`q (#19-26> nfljlnk`t* rm <*6" cbm`t,* nrm~rb tl tb nmnjlwn btybdãfldncbm{b bj

÷j{lc` nþ` 199<#19>9 tb àtbqvn j` d`m{qnql`* bt kbdlq* ~rb bm Ynjcn jn yìqklkn qbjn{lvn kb `dryndlôm (#4*1",

hn trybqnk` jlebqncbm{b jn kb Anjbnqbt (#1*6",-

Jn kbtneqbendlôm kb bt{n nfljlndlôm y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bxyjldn bj klfbqbmdlnj bm{qb jn d`crmlknk | jn

dnyl{nj | ybqcl{b à{bmbq rmn vltlôm cît yqbdltn kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt ~rb n j` jnqe` kbj ybqã`k` 1992#1995 |

y`t{bql`qcbm{b 199<#19>9 hnm bxybqlcbm{nk` yq`dbt`t cît lm{bmt`t kb dqbndlôm | kbt{qrddlôm kb

`dryndlôm-

15 Ncant frbm{bt r{ljlwnm cb{`k`j eãnt klfbqbm{bt d`m agb{lv`t {ncalìm klfbqbm{bt- Bm {`k` dnt`* knk` ~rb jn BYN kbj LMB m` yq`y`qdl mnkn{`t ynqn bj crmldlyl * tb qbdrqqb n jn [ETT ynqn rm nmîjltlt cnt kb{njjnk`* ~rb ybqcl{b jn d`cynqndlôm bm{qb bj crmldlyl | jn d`crmlknknr{ôm`cn-

><;-896192-928 1>4-;92 1>>-652 ><<-166 ><1-8;;

;12-94<;;4-<1<

;69-525;29-552

;11-648;>>-6>5

9

29-999

>99-999

>29-999

199-999

129-999

499-999

429-999

;99-999

;29-999

299-999

1-992 1-996 1-995 1-998 1-99< 1-9>9

Ynjcn Anjbnqt




z 41

Bm yqlcbq jrenq (vbq {najn >1,* tb nyqbdln rm cbm`q ybt` bm Ynjcn kb jn neqldrj{rqn* kb jn lmkrt{qln |* tàqb

{`k`* kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm (5*5" bm Ynjcn vt- >>*4" bm Anjbnqbt,* tbd{`q ~rb d`c` tb hn vlt{` hn tlk` bj

lcyrjt`q kbj dqbdlclbm{` bd`môcld` bm Anjbnqbt bm j`t qbdlbm{bt nþ`t kb a`mnmwn | {ncalìm bj cn|`q

kbt{qrd{`q kbtkb 1998-

[najn >1- Ybt kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bm Ynjcn | Anjbnqbt* 19>9

Eqry` kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn DMNB#9< YNJCN ANJBNQBT

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* tljvldrj{rqn | ybtdn 9*8" >*5"

(A, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt 9*>" 9*>"

(D, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 4*5" 2*;"

(K, Trclmlt{q kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent* vny`q | nlqb nd`mkldl`mnk` 9*6" 9*4"(B, Trclmlt{q kb nern* nd{lvlknkbt kb tnmbnclbm{`* ebt{lôm kb qbtlkr`t |

kbtd`m{nclmndlôm>*>" >*9"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm 5*5" >>*4"

(E, D`cbqdl nj y`q cn|`q | nj y`q cbm`q? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kb c`{`q >5*;" >5*1"

(H, [qnmty`q{b | njcndbmnclbm{` 6*2" 2*;"

(L, H`t{bjbqãn >>*<" >5*;"

(G, Lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt 1*4" >*6"

(O, Nd{lvlknkbt flmnmdlbqnt | kb tberq`t 4*5" 1*>"

(J, Nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt 9*6" 9*6"

(C, Nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt ;*2" 4*8"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | tbqvldl`t nrxljlnqbt >9*4" 5*9"

(@, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | kbfbmtn? tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln ;*9" 2*1"

(Y, Bkrdndlôm 6*4" ;*>"

(^, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt >9*<" 5*2"

(Q, Nd{lvlknkbt nq{ãt{ldnt* qbdqbn{lvnt | kb bm{qb{bmlclbm{` >*5" 1*>"

(T, @{q`t tbqvldl`t 4*2" 4*;"([, Nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt d`c bcyjbnk`qbt kb ybqt`mnj k`cìt{ld`? d`c`

yq`krd{`qbt kb albmbt | tbqvldl`t ynqn rt yq`yl` 1*4" 1*2"(R, Nd{lvlknkbt kb `qenmlwndl`mbt | `qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt 9*9" 9*9"

Tlm djntlfldnq 9*9" 9*1"

[`{nj >99" >99"


Kbm{q` kbj tbd{`q kb tbqvldl`t | bm{qb jnt nd{lvlknkbt ~rb `drynm n cît nfljlnk`t* {ncalìm tb nkvlbq{b rmn

cbm`q yqbtbmdln kb jn h`t{bjbqãn (>>*<" vt- >5*;" qbtybd{lvncbm{b,* ~rb tb d`mdbm{qn bm `{q`t crmldlyl`t

d`t{bq`t cît {rqãt{ld`t- D`cbqdl` | {qnmty`q{b* `{qnt k`t neqryndl`mbt kb nd{lvlknkbt d`m rm frbq{b ybt`*

yqbtbm{nm y`qdbm{ngbt kb klt{qlardlôm tlcljnqbt- Flmnjcbm{b* {lbmbm cn|`q yqbtbmdln bm Ynjcn jnt nd{lvlknkbt

nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | kb tbqvldl`t* jn bkrdndlôm | jnt nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt* nrm~rb

d`mdbm{qnm rm cbm`q v`jrcbm kb nfljlnk`t ~rb jnt yqlcbqnt-

Bm drnm{` n tr bv`jrdlôm klfbqbmdlnj* yrbkb vbqtb ({najnt >4 n >6, ~rb jn d`mt{qrddlôm nvnmwô kb f`qcn

ynqnjbjn bm Ynjcn | Anjbnqbt* dqbdlbmk` | kbdqbdlbmk` bm y`qdbm{ngbt ynqbdlk`t bm{qb 1992 | 1995 yqlcbq` |

jrbe` bm{qb 199< | 19>9- Jn h`t{bjbqãn* y`q tr ynq{b* dqbdlô qbjn{lvncbm{b cît bm Anjbnqbt ~rb bm Ynjcn

bm{qb 1992 | 1995 |* kb hbdh`* bm{qb 199< | 19>9 tlerlô yqbtbm{nk` rm nrcbm{` bm jn d`crmlknk* nrm~rb

cr| jlebq` (9*2",* clbm{qnt ~rb kbdqbdlô bm jn dnyl{nj (#>*4",-




44 z

[najn >4- Bv jrdlôm kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bm Ynjcn* 1992#1995

Eqry` kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn DMNB#<4 1992 1995 " vnq-

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* dnwn | tljvldrj{rqn >-;86 >-89; 1>*;"

(A, Ybtdn >82 >51 #6*<"

(D, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt >;6 >5> >5*2"(K, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 8-59> <-;96 8*>"

(B, Yq`krddlôm | klt{qlardlôm kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent | nern 1-241 >-815 #15*<"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm ><-214 11-448 >;*;"

(E, D`cbqdl`? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kb c`{`q | c`{`dldjb{nt |nq{ãdrj`t ybqt`mnjbt | kb rt k`cìt{ld`

4;-<24 48->55 <*1"

(H, H`t{bjbqãn 1;-1>6 12-521 6*4"

(L, [qnmty`q{b | njcndbmnclbm{` >8-18; 19->>> >9*9"

(G, Lm{bqcbklndlôm flmnmdlbqn 8-9;> 5-644 #2*>"

(O, Nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt | kb nj~rljbq? tbqvldl`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt 16-669 49-9<< >1*<"

(J, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | kbfbmtn? tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln >9-<<> 8-966 #16*6"

(C, Bkrdndlôm 6-6>4 >>->56 6<*9"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt >6-416 ><-894 1>*4"

(@, @{qnt nd{lvlknkbt t`dlnjbt | n jn d`crmlknk? tbqvldl`t ybqt`mnjbt >>-9;; >1-62> >;*6"

(Y, Nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt d`c bcyjbnk`qbt kb ybqt`mnjk`cìt{ld`? nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt d`c yq`krd{`qbt kb albmbt |tbqvldl`t ynqn rt yq`yl`

2-966 ;-><8 #>5*>"

(^, Nd{lvlknkbt kb `qenmlwndl`mbt | `qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt >< 11 >2*8"


[`{nj ><;-896 1>4-;92 <*2"


[najn >;- Bv`jrdlôm kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bm Anjbnqbt* 1992#1995

Eqry` kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn DMNB#<4 1992 1995 " vnq-

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* dnwn | tljvldrj{rqn 5-59< 5-824 >*<"

(A, Ybtdn 8>1 56; #2*<"

(D, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt 248 255 5*1"

(K, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 15-2<8 18-955 >*5"

(B, Yq`krddlôm | klt{qlardlôm kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent | nern 4-984 1-29< #>8*6"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm 69-642 6<-18> >;*4"

(E, D`cbqdl`? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kb c`{`q | c`{`dldjb{nt |nq{ãdrj`t ybqt`mnjbt | kb rt k`cìt{ld`

89-42< 84-56; ;*1"

(H, H`t{bjbqãn 5>-695 58-6;6 <*8"

(L, [qnmty`q{b | njcndbmnclbm{` 1<-496 41->8> <*8"

(G, Lm{bqcbklndlôm flmnmdlbqn <-41< <->1; #1*1"

(O, Nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt | kb nj~rljbq? tbqvldl`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt ;4->49 ;8-288 >1*5"

(J, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | kbfbmtn? tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln 11-5<8 19-6>2 #<*6"

(C, Bkrdndlôm >9-629 >2-699 ;6*2"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt 14-926 18-;25 14*;"

(@, @{qnt nd{lvlknkbt t`dlnjbt | n jn d`crmlknk? tbqvldl`t ybqt`mnjbt 14-21> 12-445 5*5"

(Y, Nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt d`c bcyjbnk`qbt kb ybqt`mnj k`cìt{ld`?nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt d`c yq`krd{`qbt kb albmbt | tbqvldl`t ynqn

rt yq`yl`>9-816 <-422 #>4*6"

(^, Nd{lvlknkbt kb `qenmlwndl`mbt | qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt 15 49 >>*>"

Tlm djntlfldnq 28 > #<8*4"

[`{nj ;12-94< ;69-525 8*;"





z 4;

Bj d`cbqdl`* y`q tr ynq{b* dqbdlô m`{najbcbm{b cît bm Ynjcn ~rb bm jn d`crmlknk bm{qb 1992 | 1995 (<*1"

vt- ;*1" qbtybd{lvncbm{b,* ybq` {ncalìm kbdqbdlô cît bm{qb 199< | 19>9 (#4*2" vt- #1*2",* c`t{qnmk` rmn

cn|`q tbmtlaljlknk n j`t dncal`t kb jn kbcnmkn- Bj {qnmty`q{b | njcndbmngb* y`q tr jnk`* dqbdlô bm

y`qdbm{ngbt dbqdnm`t bm nca`t {bqql{`ql`t bm jn ìy`dn kb bxynmtlôm (>9" vt- <*8",* ybq` tb qbkrg` cît bm

Ynjcn ~rb bm Anjbnqbt bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ` (#5*5" vt- #;*8",* nrm~rb bm bt{b dnt` kbabm {bmbqtb cît bm drbm{n

jnt klfbqbmdlnt kb dlfqnt yq`krdlknt y`q jn qry{rqn kb jnt tbqlbt DMNB <4 | 9<- Flmnjcbm{b* jn bkrdndlôm

yqbtbm{n rmn bv`jrdlôm cît y`tl{lvn bm Ynjcn ~rb bm jn cbkln kb jnt ltjnt* clbm{qnt ~rb ynqbdb tlcljnq ynqn

jnt nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt | jnt lmcàljlnqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt-

[najn >2- Bv`jrdlôm kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bm Ynjcn* 199<#19>9

Eqry` kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn DMNB#9< 199< 19>9 " vnq-

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* tljvldrj{rqn | ybtdn >-21; >-6>6 6*9"

(A, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt >;1 >11 #>;*4"

(D, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 5-8<1 5->8; #<*9"(K, Trclmlt{q kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent* vny`q | nlqb nd`mkldl`mnk` >-1>2 >->52 #4*4"

(B, Trclmlt{q kb nern* nd{lvlknkbt kb tnmbnclbm{`* ebt{lôm kb qbtlkr`t| kbtd`m{nclmndlôm

1-14> 1-1>9 #9*<"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm >5-919 >;-882 #>1*2"

(E, D`cbqdl nj y`q cn|`q | nj y`q cbm`q? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kbc`{`q

4;-551 44-221 #4*2"

(H, [qnmty`q{b | njcndbmnclbm{` >4-214 >1-;58 #5*5"

(L, H`t{bjbqãn 14-1;5 11-<46 #>*4"

(G, Lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt ;-25< ;-;62 #1*2"

(O, Nd{lvlknkbt flmnmdlbqnt | kb tberq`t 5-456 5->26 #4*9"

(J, Nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt >->92 >->98 9*4"

(C,Nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt 8-219 8-5>8 1*4"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | tbqvldl`t nrxljlnqbt 19->14 ><-5<9 #>*5"

(@, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | kbfbmtn? tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln 5-6;; 5-599 9*5"

(Y, Bkrdndlôm >1-414 >1-984 #1*9"

(^, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt 19-<64 19-<<8 9*1"

(Q, Nd{lvlknkbt nq{ãt{ldnt* qbdqbn{lvnt | kb bm{qb{bmlclbm{` 4-;;5 4-444 #4*4"

(T, @{q`t tbqvldl`t 6-<<< 6-5<9 #4*9"

([, Nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt d`c bcyjbnk`qbt kb ybqt`mnj k`cìt{ld`?d`c yq`krd{`qbt kb albmbt | tbqvldl`t ynqn rt yq`yl`

;-2<8 ;-214 #>*6"

(R, Nd{lvlknkbt kb `qenmlwndl`mbt | qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt 14 11 #>*8"


[`{nj ><<-166 ><1-8;; #4*1"Frbm{b7 [ETT n {qnvìt kb Labt{n{

Bm qbtrcbm* Ynjcn tryrt` bm{qb 1992 | 1995 bj 21" kbj dqbdlclbm{` kbj bcyjb` bxybqlcbm{nk` bm Anjbnqbt*

qbynq{lk` aîtldncbm{b bm jnt cltcnt nd{lvlknkbt* nrm~rb d`m rm ybt` qbjn{lv` klfbqbm{b- Bm Ynjcn* bj

nrcbm{` kb jn `dryndlôm yq`vlm` cn|`ql{nqlncbm{b kb jn bkrdndlôm (;-264 nfljlndl`mbt, tberlkn dntl y`q lernj

kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t n jnt bcyqbtnt* bj d`cbqdl` | jnt nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb

tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt ({`knt bjjnt q`mknmk` 4-499 nfljlnk`t cît,- Bm jn d`crmlknk* bm dncal`* jnt nd{lvlknkbt ~rb

c`t{qnq`m cn|`q ebmbqndlôm kb bcyjb` frbq`m jn d`mt{qrddlôm (8-6;6 nfljlnk`t, tberlkn kb jn h`t{bjbqãn

(5-94< `drynk`t cît,- N d`m{lmrndlôm* d`m{qlar|bq`m bm dbqdn kb 2-;99 nfljlnk`t cît jnt nd{lvlknkbt




42 z

tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt* ntã d`c` jnt lmc`aljlnqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt* tberlknt cît kb jbg`t

y`q jn bkrdndlôm-

[najn >6- Bv`jrdlôm kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bm Anjbnqbt* 199<#19>9

Eqry` kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn DMNB#9< 199< 19>9 " vnq-

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* tljvldrj{rqn | ybtdn 5-959 5-9>8 #9*5"

(A, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt 299 ;24 #<*4"

(D, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 14-6;5 11-958 #6*6"

(K, Trclmlt{q kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent* vny`q | nlqb nd`mkldl`mnk` >-182 >-1;; #4*1"


;->;> ;->88 >*>"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm 21-456 ;6-2;9 #>>*>"(E, D`cbqdl nj y`q cn|`q | nj y`q cbm`q? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kb

c`{`q51-556 59-<5> #1*2"

(H, [qnmty`q{b | njcndbmnclbm{` 14-419 11-1>1 #;*8"

(L, H`t{bjbqãn 5>->2; 5>-246 9*2"

(G, Lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt 6-2<1 6-;48 #1*4"(O, Nd{lvlknkbt flmnmdlbqnt | kb tberq`t 8-841 8-691 #1*6"

(J, Nd{lvlknkbt lmc`aljlnqlnt 1-268 1-698 >*6"

(C,Nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt >2-681 >2-511 9*4"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | tbqvldl`t nrxljlnqbt 1<-6>6 1<-9>1 #1*9"

(@, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | kbfbmtn? tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln 1>->15 1>-166 9*5"

(Y, Bkrdndlôm >5->11 >6-859 #>*2"

(^, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt 49-5>6 49-8>9 9*4"

(Q, Nd{lvlknkbt nq{ãt{ldnt* qbdqbn{lvnt | kb bm{qb{bmlclbm{` 8-516 8-6;8 #9*<"

(T, @{q`t tbqvldl`t >;-452 >;-921 #1*1"


>9-426 >9-44< #9*1"

(R, Nd{lvlknkbt kb `qenmlwndl`mbt | `qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt 1< 4> ;*1"

Tlm djntlfldnq 64> <5< #

[`{nj ;11-648 ;>>-6>5 #1*6"


Bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ` 199<#19>9* bm dncal`* Ynjcn try`mkqãn bj 28" kb jn yìqklkn {`{nj kb bcyjb` bm jn

d`crmlknk* rm y`qdbm{ngb trybql`q n jn ny`q{ndlôm nm{bql`q (21",- Jnt cn|`qbt dnãknt bm Ynjcn yq`dbkbm kb

jn d`mt{qrddlôm (1->4; nfljlnk`t,* tberlkn kbj d`cbqdl` | bj {qnmty`q{b (cît kb >-999 nfljlnk`t dnkn rmn kb

bjjnt,- Qbtnj{n kb hbdh` ~rb Ynjcn ny`q{n bj 65" kb jn yìqklkn kb nfljlndlôm bm Anjbnqbt bm bj dnt` kbj

d`cbqdl` | bj <;" bm bj kbj {qnmty`q{b* j` ~rb bxyjldn tr cn|`q d`m{qlardlôm-

Bm bj cnqd` kb bt{nt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt* jnt `dryndl`mbt bm ~rb cn|`ql{nqlncbm{b tb bcyjbnm j`t

ynjcbtnm`t t`m kb angn drnjlfldndlôm (vbq {najn >5,7 kb mlvbj < kb jn DM@ (ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn* (>8-586

d`m{qn{`t qbelt{qnk`t, | kb mlvbj 2 bm jn h`t{bjbqãn (dncnqbq`t* >4-1;1 d`m{qn{`t, | bm bj d`cbqdl`

(kbybmklbm{bt* <-459 d`m{qn{`t,* tberlknt bm drnq{` jrenq y`q j`t njanþljbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm (2-185

d`m{qn{`t,- Bt{`t dlmd` bcyjb`t try`mbm bm d`mgrm{` bj 66*;" kb j`t d`m{qn{`t kb {qnang` qbelt{qnk`t bm

19>9- Jbt tlerbm d`m bm{qb ;-299 | 4-999 d`m{qn{`t dnkn rm` j`t d`dlmbq`t | yqbynqnk`qbt kb d`clkn* j`t

nrxljlnqbt nkclmlt{qn{lv`t | j`t yb`mbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm-




z 46 `dryndlôm

Bm qbtrcbm* bj bcyjb` bm Ynjcn bt{î yqbk`clmnm{bcbm{b antnk` bm `fldl`t ~rb nybmnt qb~rlbqbm kb

drnjlfldndlôm ndnkìcldn ml yq`fbtl`mnj | ~rb tb qbjndl`mnm yqlmdlynjcbm{b d`m jn h`t{bjbqãn* bj d`cbqdl` | jn

d`mt{qrddlôm-

[najn >5- @dryndl`mbt d`m cît d`m{qn{ndlôm qbelt{qnkn* Ynjcn* 19>9

D-M-@- @dryndlôm Ndrcrjnk` 19>9

<>1> Ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn kb fldlmnt* h`{bjbt | `{q`t >8-586

2919 Dncnqbq`t* aîqcnmbt | ntlcljnk`t >4-1;1

2449 Kbybmklbm{bt | bxhlalk`qbt bm {lbmknt* njcndbmbt* ~rl`td`t <-459

5>>9 Njanþljbt | cncy`t{bq`t 2-185

29>9 D`dlmbq`t | {q`t yqbynqnk`qbt kb d`clknt ;-292

;;99 Nrxljlnqbt nkclmlt{qn{lv`t d`m {nqbnt kb n{bmdlôm nj y÷ajld` 4-9<;

<691 Yb`mbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm kb bklfldl`t 4-9;8

2>>> Nrxljlnqbt kb bmfbqcbqãn h`tyl{njnqln 1-81>

<899 Yb`mbt kbj {qnmty`q{b | kbtdnqenk`qbt 1-89;

4241 Nmlcnk`qbt d`crml{nql`t 1-5681519 Bmfbqcbq`t 1-5>;

;1>9 [n~rãeqnf`t | cbdnmôeqnf`t 1-285

2>;4 Erãnt | nwnfn{nt kb {lbqqn >-<1>

;214 [bjbf`mlt{nt >-5<2

114< @{q`t klvbqt`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb jn bmtbþnmwn >-6>8

;211 Qbdbydl`mlt{nt bm bt{najbdlclbm{`t klt{lm{`t kb fldlmnt >-2<2

86>9 [nxlt{nt | d`mkrd{`qbt kb nr{`côvljbt | frqe`mb{nt >-4>6

<119 Vleljnm{bt* ernqklnmbt | ntlcljnk`t >-121

;499 Nrxljlnqbt nkclmlt{qn{lv`t tlm {nqbnt kb n{bmdlôm nj y÷ajld` >->;8

12>2 Nd{`qbt | klqbd{`qbt kb dlmb* qnkl`* {bjbvltl`m | ntlcljnk`t >->;;

<449 C`w`t kb b~rlyngb | ntlcljnk`t >->>2

4419 Qbyqbtbm{nm{bt kb d`cbqdl` | {bdmld`t kb vbm{n >->>>

2><< @{q`t klvbqt`t {qnangnk`qbt kb tbqvldl`t ybqt`mnjbt >->9;2>49 Ybjr~rbq`t* btybdlnjlt{nt bm {qn{nclbm{` kb abjjbwn | ntlcljnk`t >-985

4;>> Tbdqb{nql`t nkclmlt{qn{lv`t | ntlcljnk`t >-968

Frbm{b7 T@LA n {qnvìt kbj @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj

Bm drnm{` n jn bv`jrdlôm kbj ynq`* bm 19>9 tb qbelt{qnq`m 81-88> ybqt`mnt kbt`drynknt bm Anjbnqbt* kb jnt

drnjbt 42-999 qbtlkbm bm bj crmldlyl` kb Ynjcn (vbq {najn >8,- Bm d`cynqndlôm d`m bj d`mgrm{` kb jn

d`crmlknk* bj ynq` tb hn lmdqbcbm{nk` cît bm Ynjcn* kb f`qcn ~rb tl jn dnyl{nj try`mãn bm 1992 bj ;9*6"

kbj {`{nj kbj ynq` anjbnq* bm 19>9 njdnmwn bj ;1*1"- Bj cn|`q v`jrcbm kb y`ajndlôm (;9*;", tb ndrcrjn bm jnt

nd{lvlknkbt kb qbt{` kb tbqvldl`t (m` h`t{bjbqãn ml d`cbqdl`,* tberlkn n klt{nmdln y`q jn d`mt{qrddlôm (><*8",*

jn h`t{bjbqãn (>2", | bj d`cbqdl` (>;*1",- Neqldrj{rqn b lmkrt{qln nybmnt try`mbm rm 6" bm d`mgrm{` kbj {`{nj

kbj ynq` qbelt{qnk` bm Ynjcn-




45 z

#;9*9"

#19*9"

9*9"

19*9"

;9*9"

69*9"

89*9"

>99*9"

>19*9"

1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

Neqldrj{rqn Lmkrt{qln D`mt{qrddlôm H`t{bjbqln

D`cbqdl` Qbt{` tbqvldl`t Tlm dryndlôm nm{bql`q

[najn >8- Bv jrdlôm kbj ynq y`q nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt bm Ynjcn | Anjbnqbt* 199<#19>9

Tbd{`qbt bd`môcld`t 1992 1996 1995 1998 199< 19>9

Neqldrj{rqn >>1 <8 >9; >;> >88 14<

Lmkrt{qln 588 6;2 255 524 >-266 >-54<

D`mt{qrddlôm 1-91; >-8;1 1-959 4-514 6-8>9 6-<4>H`t{bjbqln 1-<95 1-69; 1-2>5 1-<59 ;-524 2-1;1

D`cbqdl` 1-;59 1-444 1-164 1-825 ;-52> ;-<6<

Qbt{ tbqvldl`t 6-655 6-219 5->85 8-849 >>-6<< >;->;;

Tlm dryndlôm nm{bql`q 695 ;2> 454 66< >->5; >-542

Ynjcn kb Cnjj`qdn >2-282 >;-;<1 >2-9<9 ><-<;1 49-<;> 42-999

Ljjbt Anjbnqt 48-4;9 46->4; 45-1;4 ;<->>> 5;-458 81-88>


Tlm bcanqe`* tl tb nmnjlwn tr bv`jrdlôm lm{bqnmrnj (eqîfld` 5,* tb nkvlbq{b ~rb bj tbd{`q k`mkb hn dqbdlk` bj

ynq` kb f`qcn cît d`mt{nm{b | yq`mrmdlnkn bt jn d`mt{qrddlôm* tberlkn kb jnt ybqt`mnt tlm `dryndlôm

nm{bql`q* ~rb yqbtbm{nm j`t yld`t cît cnqdnk`t kb vnqlndlôm lm{bqnmrnj bm{qb 1998 | 199<- Nj d`m{qnql`* jn

neqryndlôm kb qbt{` kb tbqvldl`t crbt{qn rmn cbm`q tbmtlaljlknk n jnt vnqlndl`mbt* d`m rm cbm`q nrcbm{`

qbjn{lv` lm{bqnmrnj-

Eqîfld` 5- Vnqlndlôm lm{bqnmrnj kbj ynq` bm Ynjcn y`q tbd{`qbt kb nd{lvlknk* 1992#19>9


Kbalk` n bt{b cn|`q lmdqbcbm{` kbj ynq` bm jn d`mt{qrddlôm (vbq {najn ><,* rm 24" kb j`t ynqnk`t bt

h`caqb* kb bm{qb 12 | ;; nþ`t (22",* kb mndl`mnjlknk btynþ`jn (52",* d`m rm mlvbj kb bt{rkl`t b~rlvnjbm{b n

tbdrmknqln `ajlen{`qln (2>", ` yqlcnql`t (16", ~rb artdnm bcyjb` d`c` {qnangnk`qbt kb j`t tbqvldl`t (1;",

` m` drnjlfldnk`t (14",- Bm {ìqclm`t kb bv`jrdlôm dnab qbtnj{nq jn cn|`q lmdlkbmdln ~rb bj ynq` hn {bmlk`

bm{qb j`t {qnangnk`qbt kb mndl`mnjlknk bx{qnmgbqn (dqbdlclbm{` ndrcrjnk` kbj 186" kbtkb 1992, | bm{qb

n~rbjj`t ~rb tôj` drbm{nm d`m bt{rkl`t kb yqlcnqln ` lmfbql`qbt (lmdqbcbm{` kbj <16*;",-




z 48

[najn ><- @dryndl`mbt d`m cît ynq`* Ynjcn* 19>9

@DRYNDL@MBT D@M CÎT YNQ@ Cbkln 19>9

Tbx`H`caqbt >8-692Crgbqbt >6-4<6Dn{be`qãn yq`fbtl`mnjKlqbd{lv`t 41<[ìdmld`t | Yq`fbt- dlbm{ãfld`t >-481[ìdmld`t | Yq`fbt- kb t`y`q{b 1-6;;Bcyjbnk`t nkclmlt{qn{lv t ;-8>>[qnangnk`qbt kb j t tbqvldl t 8-269[qnangnk`qbt neqldrj{rqn | ybtdn 241[qnangnk`qbt drnjlfldnk`t 5-981@ybqnk`qbt kb cn~rlmnqln >-214[qnangnk`qbt m` drnjlfldnk`t 8->15Frbqwnt nqcnknt >9

Bknk:12 nþ`t ;-45412#;; nþ`t ><-11;=;2nþ`t >>-;94Mndl`mnjlknk

Btynþ`jbt 16-155Bx{qnmgbq`t 8-514RB 1-65;M RB 6-9;<Mlvbj bt{rkl`tTlm bt{rkl t >1<Bt{rkl t yqlcnql t <-19>Tbdrmknqln ajlen{`qln >5-5<5Tbdrmknqln y`t{#`ajlen{ qln 2-<41Rmlvbqtl{nql t >-<;9[`{nj 42-999


Bm cn|`q kb{njjb* (bm jn {najn 19, yrbkbm vbqtb jnt vblm{ldlmd` `dryndl`mbt cît t`jldl{nknt y`q j`t

kbcnmknm{bt bm ynq` bm 19>9- Bm ebmbqnj* d`lmdlkbm d`m jnt cît d`m{qn{nknt (vbq {najn >5,* n bxdbydlôm kb

jn dn{be`qãn kb {n~rãeqnf`t | cbdnmôeqnf`t* ~rb bm bt{b qnmolme kb kbcnmknt `dryn rmn y`tldlôm cr|

trybql`q n jn ~rb {lbmb bm v`jrcbm kb d`m{qn{ndl`mbt- Kb mrbv`* tb nyqbdln ~rb cn|`ql{nqlncbm{b tb {qn{n kb

`fldl`t kb angn drnjlfldndlôm qbjndl`mnk`t d`m jn h`t{bjbqãn* bj d`cbqdl` | jn d`mt{qrddlôm- J`t dlmd` yqlcbq`t

try`mbm bj ;;*6" kbj {`{nj kb ynq` bm Ynjcn-

[najn 19- @dryndl`mbt d`m cît t jldl{rkbt kb kbcnmknm{bt bm ynq`* Ynjcn* 19>9


<>1> Ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn kb fldlmnt* h`{bjbt | tlcljnqbt 4-5<62449 Kbybmklbm{bt | bxhlalk`qbt bm {lbmknt* njcndbmbt* ~rl`td`t | cbqdnk`t 4-682

;1>9 [n~rãeqnf`t | cbdnmôeqnf`t 4->5;

5>>9 Njanþljbt | cncy`t{bq`t 1-55<

2919 Dncnqbq`t* aîqcnmbt | ntlcljnk`t 1->58

<691 Yb`mbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm kb bklfldl`t >-;99

<899 Yb`mbt kbj {qnmty`q{b | kbtdnqenk`qbt >-166

29>9 D`dlmbq`t | {q`t yqbynqnk`qbt kb d`clknt 8;4

4419 Qbyqbtbm{nm{bt kb d`cbqdl` | {ìdmld`t kb vbm{n 681

86>9 [nxlt{nt | d`mkrd{`qbt kb nr{`côvljbt | frqe`mb{nt 611

<599 Yb`mbt kb lmkrt{qlnt cnmrfnd{rqbqnt 259

51;9 Ylm{`qbt* anqmlwnk`qbt* bcynybjnk`qbt | ntlcljnk`t ;<>

5>49 Dnqylm{bq`t (bxdby{` dnqylm{bq`t kb bt{qrd{rqnt cb{îjldnt, ;865119 F`m{nmbq`t b lmt{njnk`qbt kb {rabqãnt ;12

;69> Dngbq`t* {n~rljjbq`t (bxdby{` anmd`t | d`qqb`t, 4<<

6911 [qnangnk`qbt drnjlfldnk`t y`q drbm{n ngbmn bm hrbq{nt* vlvbq`t | gnqklmbt 4<4

2>49 Ybjr~rbq`t* btybdlnjlt{nt bm {qn{nclbm{` kb abjjbwn | ntlcljnk`t 486

;211 Qbdbydl`mlt{nt bm bt{najbdlclbm{`t klt{lm{`t kb fldlmnt 48;

2>1> Bcyjbnk`t ynqn bj drlknk` kb mlþ`t 445

5>19 [qnangnk`qbt bm h`qcleôm nqcnk`* bmf`tdnk`qbt* fbqqnjjlt{nt | ntlcljnk`t 444

56>> Cbdîmld`t | ngrt{nk`qbt kb vbhãdrj`t kb c`{`q 4>2

4;>> Tbdqb{nql`t nkclmlt{qn{lv`t | ntlcljnk`t 491

561> Cbdîmld`t | qbynqnk`qbt kb b~rly`t bjìd{qld`t 1<;

8649 D`mkrd{`qbt kb dncl`mbt 181

56>4 Cbdîmld`t | ngrt{nk`qbt kb cn~rlmnqln neqãd`jn b lmkrt{qlnj 122





4< z

Bm qbtrcbm* {nm{` jn `dryndlôm d`c` bj ynq` tb ndrcrjnm bm Ynjcn bm j`t tbd{`qbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm* jn

h`t{bjbqãn | bj d`cbqdl` bm `fldl`t kb angn drnjlfldndlôm* nfbd{nmk` cît bj kbtbcyjb` n j`t h`caqbt* j`t

bx{qnmgbq`t | n n~rbjj`t d`m bt{rkl`t lmfbql`qbt n tbdrmknqln m` àjlen{`qln- J`t k`t nynq{nk`t tlerlbm{bt

f`{èqnfãnm bm cn|`q kb{njjb bt{n qbnjlknk* kbkldnmk` btybdlnj n{bmdlôm n j`t gôvbmbt | n j`t |ndlclbm{`t kb

`dryndlôm cît klmîcld`t bm jnt ltjnt-

J`t gôvbmbt* rm d`jbd{lv` vrjmbqnajb18

J`t gôvbmbt t`m rm` kb j`t d`jbd{lv`t cît nfbd{nk`t bm {ìqclm`t kb bcyjb` bm j`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t- Jn BYN

dnjdrjn rmn {ntn kb ynq` kb j`t cbm`qbt kb 12 nþ`t kbj ;2*8" ynqn Btynþn | kbj 42*6" ynqn Anjbnqbt bm bj

tbermk` {qlcbt{qb kb 19>>* drnmk` jn cbkln brq`ybn bm bj cltc` ybqã`k` bt kbj 19*8"1<-

18 Kbalk` n jn btdntbw kb kn{`t tàqb gôvbmbt kbtneqbenk`t n mlvbj crmldlynj* bt{b nynq{nk` tb qbflbqb cn|`ql{nqlncbm{b nj d`mgrm{` kb jnd`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn | qbtrcb jnt d`mdjrtl mbt ~rb yrbkbm vbqtb bm ‚ Nmîjltlt kb j“ drynaljl{n{ kbjt g`vbt n jbt Anjbnqt n ynq{lq kbj tbr

mlvbjj k“bt{rklt– * D`jµjbddlô k“Bt{rklt Jna`qnjt m÷c- >;* @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt-




z ;9

Bm Anjbnqbt bm ynq{ldrjnq* | tbe÷m j`t kn{`t kb nfljlndlôm kb jn [ETT* kbtkb 1996 bj m÷cbq` kb `drynk`t kb >6

n 49 nþ`t hn bxybqlcbm{nk` rm kbtdbmt` d`m{lmrnk` ~rb tb hn vlt{` neqnvnk` bm bj {qlbml` kb jn dqltlt 1998#

19>9- Ntã* jn `dryndlôm kb bt{`t gôvbmbt tb hn qbkrdlk` kbtkb 1996 bm 4;-6>6 ybqt`m nt* rm 4>*> "* flgîmk`tb

bm 56-621 `drynk`t bm 19>9? clbm{qnt* bj eqry` kb nkrj{`t cn|`qbt kb kldhn bknk hn dqbdlk` bm ;-<24

ybqt`mnt bm bj cltc` ybqã`k`- Kb hbdh`* krqnm{b 19>9* bj 55" kb jn yìqklkn lm{bqnmrnj kb jn nfljlndlôm n jn

Tberqlknk T`dlnj yq`vlbmb kb j`t gôvbmbt- Bm d`mtbdrbmdln* bm bj ndrcrjnk` 1996#19>9 | fqbm{b n rmn cbkln

mndl`mnj kb dqbdlclbm{` kbj ynq` kbj 55" bm{qb bj eqry` kb gôvbmbt* bm Anjbnqbt njdnmwn rm vnj`q kb >>1*6"*

tlbmk` jn tbx{n d`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn d`m cn|`qbt lmdqbcbm{`t-

Bm Ynjcn bj m÷cbq` kb gôvbmbt ynqnk`t qbelt{qnk`t cbm`qbt kb 49 nþ`t njdnmwn kb cbkln n 8-<91 ybqt`mnt

bm 19>9* j` ~rb try`mb nyq`xlcnkncbm{b bj 42*2" kbj {`{nj kb gôvbmbt bm ynq` kb Anjbnqbt | bj 1;" kbj {`{nj

kb kbt`drynk`t bm Ynjcn- D`c` crbt{qn bj eqîfld` 8* kbtkb 1996 bt{n dlfqn hn nrcbm{nk` kb f`qcn

ndrcrjnkn rm >19"* n÷m cît ~rb bm bj d`mgrm{` kb jn d`crmlknk- Rm ;2*2" kb bt{nt ybqt`mnt kbt`drynkntt`m crgbqbt-

Eqîfld` 8- Bv`jrdlôm kbj ynq` qbelt{qnk` bm j`t cbm`qbt kb 49 nþ`t* Anjbnqbt | Ynjcn* 1996#19>9

<-898 <-<<5 <-<94<-256

8-<2;

8->2<5-5;2 5-515

8-148

8-896<-155

8-886

2-1222-929

;-655

;-961

4-21<4->98 4-961 4-194 4-45>

4-862

;-6;; ;-565

#

1-999

;-999

6-999

8-999

>9-999

>1-999

BMB FBA CNQ NA CN\ GRM GRJ NE@ TBY @D[ M@V KLD

19>9 1996

Frbm{b7 T@LA n {qnvìt kbj @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt

Bm drnm{` n jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb n{bmdlôm t`dl`jna`qnj kb bt{`t gôvbmbt* bm rm lmf`qcb kb 19>9 49 tàqb j`t

qb~rbqlclbm{`t kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` bm j`t yqôxlc`t nþ`t* jn D`cltlôm Brq`ybn qbdrbqkn ~rb* bm rm

d`m{bx{` kb fr{rqn qbkrddlôm kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn n dnrtn kbj yqèqbtlv` bmvbgbdlclbm{` kb jn nd{rnj

yàjndlôm bm bknk kb {qnangnq | kb rmn cn|`q d`cyb{l{lvlknk lm{bqmndl`mnj* bt lcy`q{nm{b yq`c`dl`mnq

bm{qb j`t gôvbmbt ~rb trt{l{rlqîm n j`t {qnangnk`qbt ~rb tb qb{lqbm {`k`t n~rbjj`t fnd{`qbt ~rb d`m{qlar|nm n

nrcbm{nq tr `drynaljlknk jna`qnj* ntã d`c` tr yq`krd{lvlknk bm bj jrenq kb {qnang`- Ynqn bjj`* kbab {nm{`

lmdqbcbm{nqtb tr mlvbj bkrdn{lv` cbkl` d`c` ngrt{nq jn `fbq{n kb ybqfljbt n jn kbcnmkn kbj cbqdnk` kb

1< Brq`t{n{ knantb* 1^ 19>>-49 ‚Mbu toljjt f`q mbu Gàt–* D`cltlô Brq`ybn* 19>9-




;> z

gôvbmbt

{qnang`* bvl{nmk` jnt kltfrmdl`mbt kb drnjlfldndlôm ~rb lmdlkbm mben{lvncbm{b {nm{` bm jnt ybqt`mnt d`c` bm

j`t qbtrj{nk`t bd`môcld`t kbj {bqql{`ql`-

Bm d`cynqndlôm d`m jn Brq`yn kb j`t 15* Btynþn yqbtbm{n rmn bjbvnkn yq`y`qdlôm kb cbm`qbt kb 12 nþ`t

d`m rm mlvbj bkrdn{lv` cîxlc` b~rlvnjbm{b n bt{rkl`t yqlcnql`t (29*6", | rm frbq{b kbtngrt{b bm j`t bt{rkl`ttrybql`qbt- Bm dncal`* fnj{nm {l{rjnk`t bm f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj kb eqnk` lm{bqcbkl`* btybdlnjcbm{b bm jn

tbermkn b{nyn kb bkrdndlôm tbdrmknqln* d`c` qbd`m`db bj Clmlt{bql` kb Bkrdndlôm | Drj{rqn bm tr ÷j{lc`

lmf`qcb t`aqb lmkldnk`qbt kb jn @DKB 19>94>-

Btybdãfldncbm{b Anjbnqbt tb dnqnd{bqlwn y`q {bmbq bj cbm`q qn{l` kb rmlvbqtl{nql`t | y`q bj cn|`q mlvbj kb

kbtngrt{b kbdjnqnk` kb Btynþn (48*4" vt- rmn cbkln mndl`mnj kb 41*4",* yrbt bj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj j`dnj tb

d`mdbm{qn bm jnt nd{lvlknkbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm* bj d`cbqdl`* jn h`t{bjbqãn | jn qbt{nrqndlôm* ~rb `fqbdbm

cn|`ql{nqlncbm{b `dryndl`mbt kb cbkln | angn drnjlfldndlôm kb mlvbj 2 (;9*4" kb j`t d`m{qn{`t bm 19>9, |

mlvbj < kb jn DM@#<; (11*1" bm 19>9,- Kb hbdh`* rmn eqnm ynq{b kb jn d`m{qn{ndlôm jna`qnj tb d`mdbm{qn bm

gôvbmbt d`m bt{rkl`t kb yqlcbqn b{nyn kb bkrdndlôm tbdrmknqln (2<*2",* nrm~rb tb nyqbdln rmn {bmkbmdln nj

nrcbm{` yq`y`qdl`mnj kb n~rbjj`t ~rb klty`mbm kb jn tbermkn b{nyn-

Bm qbtrcbm* bj hbdh` ~rb cît jjncn jn n{bmdlôm bt jn ndrcrjndlôm {nm{` kbj bcyjb` d`c` kbj ynq` grvbmlj bm

rm`t y`d`t yrbt{`t kb {qnang` qbjndl`mnk`t d`m jnt nd{lvlknkbt kb h`t{bjbqãn | d`cbqdl`* ncant

kbybmklbm{bt kbj {rqltc`7 > kb dnkn 4 cbm`qbt kb 49 nþ`t bm jnt ltjnt {qnangn ` artdn {qnang` d`c`

kbybmklbm{b kbj d`cbqdl` ` dncnqbq` ` tlcljnq (bt{nt dn{be`qãnt try`mbm bj 18*>" kb jn d`m{qn{ndlôm | kbj

41*; " kbj ynq`,- [qnt j`t yrbt{`t kb {n~rãeqnf` | cbdnmôeqnf`* bm kbdqbdlclbm{` bm bj fr{rq`41

* jnt

`dryndl`mbt cît `fbq{nknt | kbcnmknknt t`m kb mlvbj < m` drnjlfldnknt7 ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn* yb`mbt kb jn

d`mt{qrddlôm | kbtdnqenk`qbt- Bt{`t kn{`t t m {ncalìm nyjldnajbt n Ynjcn (vbq {najnt 1> | 11,* tl albm n~rã

kbt{ndn jn `fbq{n kb d`m{qn{ndl`mbt kb nmlcnk`qbt d`crml{nql`t | bmfbqcbq`t bm 19>9-

4>

Ynm`qncn kb jn Bkrdndlôm* Lmkldnk`qbt kb jn @DKB 19>9–-41 ‚Rmn nméjltl kb jbt `dryndl`mt cìt klmécl~rbt n jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt bm bj ybqã`kb 1992#199<– * D`jµjbddlô k“Bt{rklt jna`qnjt m÷c- 6 * j“@a#tbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt-




z ;1

[najn 1>- @dryndl`mbt d`m cît d`m{qn{ndlôm qbelt{qnkn bm{qb j`t cbm`qbt kb 49 nþ`t* Ynjcn* 19>9


2919 Dncnqbq`t* aîqcnmbt | ntlcljnk`t 6-526

2449 Kbybmklbm{bt | bxhlalk`qbt bm {lbmknt* njcndbmbt* ~rl`td`t | cbqdnk`t 2-1<>

<>1> Ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn kb fldlmnt* h`{bjbt (dncnqbqnt kb ylt`, | tlcljnqbt ;-<68

4241 Nmlcnk`qbt d`crml{nql`t >-<161519 Bmfbqcbq`t >-8>8

;;99 Nrxljlnqbt nkclmlt{qn{lv`t d`m {nqbnt kb n{bmdlôm nj y÷ajld` >-215

29>9 D`dlmbq`t | `{q`t yqbynqnk`qbt kb d`clknt >-;;9

<899 Yb`mbt kbj {qnmty`q{b | kbtdnqenk`qbt >-4<8

;1>9 [n~rãeqnf`t | cbdnmôeqnf`t >-4;8

2>>> Nrxljlnqbt kb bmfbqcbqãn h`tyl{njnqln >-154

2>;4 Erãnt | nwnfn{nt kb {lbqqn >->91

<691 Yb`mbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm kb bklfldl`t >-951

5>>9 Njanþljbt | cncy`t{bq`t >-962

;214 [bjbf`mlt{nt >-941

<449 C`w`t kb b~rlyngb | ntlcljnk`t 5>5

;211 Qbdbydl`mlt{nt bm bt{najbdlclbm{`t klt{lm{`t kb fldlmnt 5>5

2><< @{q`t klvbqt`t {qnangnk`qbt kb tbqvldl`t ybqt`mnjbt 688

42;2 Kby`q{lt{nt | yq`fbtl`mnjbt tlcljnqbt 6;;

2>49 Ybjr~rbq`t* btybdlnjlt{nt bm {qn{nclbm{` kb abjjbwn | ntlcljnk`t 252

;499 Nrxljlnqbt nkclmlt{qn{lv`t tlm {nqbnt kb n{bmdlôm nj y÷ajld` 26;

<599 Yb`mbt kb lmkrt{qlnt cnmrfnd{rqbqnt 21;

21<> Anþlt{n#t`d`qqlt{n ;<>

86>9 [nxlt{nt | d`mkrd{`qbt kb nr{`côvljbt | frqe`mb{nt ;8<

1119 Yq`fbt`qbt kb bmtbþnmwn tbdrmknqln ;1;

;21> Bcyjbnk`t kb nebmdlnt kb vlngbt ;>8


najn 11- @dryndl`mbt d`m cît ynq` qbelt{qnk` bm{qb j`t cbm`qbt kb 49 nþ`t* Ynjcn* 19>9

D-M-@- @dryndlôm Ndrcrjnk` 19>92449 Kbybmklbm{bt | bxhlalk`qbt bm {lbmknt* njcndbmbt* ~rl`td`t | cbqdnk`t >-484

2919 Dncnqbq`t* aîqcnmbt | ntlcljnk`t 89;

;1>9 [n~rãeqnf`t | cbdnmôeqnf`t 529

<899 Yb`mbt kbj {qnmty`q{b | kbtdnqenk`qbt 542

<>1> Ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn kb fldlmnt* h`{bjbt | tlcljnqbt 2<2

<691 Yb`mbt kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm kb bklfldl`t 44<

5>>9 Njanþljbt | cncy`t{bq`t 444

;69> Dngbq`t* {n~rljjbq`t (bxdby{` anmd`t | d`qqb`t, >82

5119 F`m{nmbq`t b lmt{njnk`qbt kb {rabqãnt >58

2>49 Ybjr~rbq`t* btybdlnjlt{nt bm {qn{nclbm{` kb abjjbwn | ntlcljnk`t >6>

561> Cbdîmld`t | qbynqnk`qbt kb b~rly`t bjìd{qld`t >22

5>49 Dnqylm{bq`t (bxdby{` dnqylm{bq`t kb bt{qrd{rqnt cb{îjldnt, >2456>> Cbdîmld`t | ngrt{nk`qbt kb vbhãdrj`t kb c`{`q >;8

29>9 D`dlmbq`t | `{q`t yqbynqnk`qbt kb d`clknt >45

6911 [qnangnk`qbt drnjlfldnk`t y`q drbm{n ngbmn bm hrbq{nt* vlvbq`t | gnqklmbt >1;

86>9 [nxlt{nt | d`mkrd{`qbt kb nr{`côvljbt | frqe`mb{nt >98

51;9 Ylm{`qbt* anqmlwnk`qbt* bcynybjnk`qbt | ntlcljnk`t >91

;211 Qbdbydl`mlt{nt bm bt{najbdlclbm{`t klt{lm{`t kb fldlmnt <8

2>1> Bcyjbnk`t ynqn bj drlknk` kb mlþ`t <8

<599 Yb`mbt kb lmkrt{qlnt cnmrfnd{rqbqnt <9

56>4 Cbdîmld`t | ngrt{nk`qbt kb cn~rlmnqln neqãd`jn b lmkrt{qlnj 5<

5149 Bjbd{qldlt{n kb d`mt{qrddlôm | ntlcljnk`t 52

4419 Qbyqbtbm{nm{bt kb d`cbqdl` | {ìdmld`t kb vbm{n 5;

4241 Nmlcnk`qbt d`crml{nql`t 5>2>>> Nrxljlnqbt kb bmfbqcbqãn h`tyl{njnqln 66





;4 z

Bt{n btybdlnjlwndlôm kb j`t gôvbmbt jbt tl{÷n bm rmn y`tldlôm kb cn|`q kbaljlknk ~rb n j`t nkrj{`t* cît

klvbqtlfldnk`t bm `{q`t {qnang`t | tbd{`qbt |* y`q {nm{`* cbm`t vrjmbqnajbt n jnt vnqlnaljlknkbt kbj cbqdnk`

kb {qnang` kbybmklbm{b kbj tratbd{`q {rqãt{ld`- Ybq` nkbcît* kbgn nj kbtdralbq{` ~rb bj ang` vnj`q nþnklk` kb

mrbt{q` g`vbm dnyl{nj hrcnm` tb d`qqbty`mkb d`m j`t btdnt`t qb~rbqlclbm{`t kb jn `fbq{n kb {qnang` ltjbþn-

Y`q {nm{`* kb mrbv` tb nyqbdln dôc` bt mbdbtnql` {qnangnq nj cltc` {lbcy` bm bj kbtnqq`jj` kb rm mrbv`

{bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj cbm`t kbybmklbm{b kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt cbmdl`mnknt* cbm`t bt{ndl`mnj | cît nt`dlnk` n jn

t`dlbknk kbj d`m`dlclbm{`? | bm bj nrcbm{` kbj mlvbj bkrdn{lv` kb jn g`vbm yàjndlôm {qnangnk`qn-

Jnt `dryndl`mbt kbj fr{rq`

Kb{bqclmnq ~rì `dryndl`mbt t`m bt{qn{ìeldnt* bcbqebm{bt ` d`m bjbvnkn kbcnmkn bm bj fr{rq` bt rmn {nqbn

kb eqnm d`cyjbglknk kbtkb rmn ybqtybd{lvn {nm{` d`mdby{rnj d`c` {ìdmldn ~rb qb~rlbqb bj rt` kb cì{`k`t

drnm{l{n{lv`t | drnjl{n{lv`t d`calmnk`t- Kb hbdh`* {`knvãn bt rm qb{` d`mtberlq rmn nyjldndlôm rmlfldnkn*

tlt{bcî{ldn | d`hbqbm{b kb bt{`t cì{`k`t ~rb ybqcl{n rm bt{rkl` d`cynqn{lv` bm bj îcal{` kb j`t ynãtbt

clbcaq` kb jn Brq`yn kb j`t 15-

D`c` tb hn vlt{` bm bj nynq{nk` qbfbqbm{b n jnt {bmkbmdlnt brq`ybnt44

| tbe÷m rm bt{rkl` kbj Dbkbf`y4;

tàqb

jnt fr{rqnt mbdbtlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb jn Brq`yn* bm 1919 hnaqî tlb{b cljj`mbt kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang` cît

~rb bm jn nd{rnjlknk (bcyjb` ebmbqnk` cbm`t bcyjb` kbt{qrlk`,* n ybtnq kb jn qbdbtlôm- Nkbcît* tb dnjdrjn

~rb tb dqbnqîm `{q`t 54 cljj`mbt kb `y`q{rmlknkbt jna`qnjbt kbalk` n jn mbdbtlknk kb qbbcyjnwnq n j`t

{qnangnk`qbt ~rb* y`q bgbcyj`* tb graljbm ` dncalbm kb yrbt{` kb {qnang`- Y`q j` {nm{`* tb bt{lcn ~rb jn dlfqn

{`{nj kb vndnm{bt ebmbqnknt n j` jnqe` kb jn yqôxlcn kìdnkn ntdbmkbqî n rm`t 89 cljj`mbt-

Clbm{qnt tb bt{lcn ~rb jn kbcnmkn kb `dryndl`mbt kb {ly` nkclmlt{qn{lv` kltclmrlqî bm dbqdn kb rm cljjôm*

jn kb nd{lvlknkbt kb tbqvldl`t d`c` vbm{nt* tberqlknk* dn{bqlme | drlknk` kb ybqt`mnt tb y`kqãn lmdqbcbm{nq

bm cît kb k`t cljj`mbt- Nkbcît* jnt `dryndl`mbt ynqn {qnangnk`qbt drnjlfldnk`t d`m{lmrnqîm kbdqbdlbmk` |

jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt qbbcyjnwnqîm n j`t {qnangnk`qbt ~rb qbnjldbm {nqbnt qr{lmnqlnt- Nj cltc` {lbcy`* tb

dqbb ~rb jn kbcnmkn kb dryndl`mbt bjbcbm{njbt ~rb m` qb~rlbqbm drnjlfldndlôm nrcbm{nqî bm dbqdn kb k`t

cljj`mbt- Y`kqãn ntã yq`krdlqtb rmn y`jnqlwndlôm kbj {qnang`* d`m rmn kbcnmkn lmdqbcbm{nj bm jnt

`dryndl`mbt d`m mlvbjbt kb drnjlfldndlôm cît ang`t | cît bjbvnk`t* clbm{qnt ~rb kbdqbdb ` tb bt{naljlwn bm

j`t mlvbjbt lm{bqcbkl`t-

Nkbcît* tbe÷m jnt yq`|bddl`mbt kb Dbkbf`y* j`t tbqvldl`t kb cbqdnk` | jn klt{qlardlôm | bj {qnmty`q{b tbqãnm

jnt nd{lvlknkbt ~rb cît bcyjb` ebmbqnqãnm bm Brq`yn* clbm{qnt ~rb jn tnmlknk y÷ajldn | jn bkrdndlôm

qbkrdlqãnm tr kbcnmkn kbalk` n jn kltclmrdlôm kb jn lmvbqtlôm y÷ajldn-

44 Vbq nynq{nk` >-> Qb{`t kb jn bd`m`cãn | bj bcyjb` bm Brq`yn-

4;Dbkbf`y-Toljj tryyj| nmk kbcnmk lm Brq`yb7 cbklrc#{bqc f`qbdnt{ ry { 1919




z ;;

Bm Anjbnqbt* tbe÷m rm bt{rkl` kbj @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj*42 jn `dryndlôm tlerb jnt eqnmkbt ynr{nt brq`ybnt* tl

albm kbt{ndnm btybdãfldncbm{b j`t bcyjb`t kb mlvbjbt 1* 4 | 2 #d`qqbty`mklbm{bt qbtybd{lvncbm{b n {ìdmld`t

| yq`fbtl`mnjbt dlbm{ãfld`t? {ìdmld`t kb ny`|`? | {qnangnk`qbt kb j`t tbqvldl`t kb jn qbt{nrqndlôm* ybqt`mnj* kb

yq`{bddlôm | vbmkbk`qbt#* ~rb crbt{qnm jn cbg`q bv`jrdlôm n ynq{lq kbj 1998- Tr nmîjltlt {ncalìm crbt{qn

~rb jnt nd{lvlknkbt ~rb cît `y`q{rmlknkbt kb {qnang` ebmbqnm bm bt{`t bcyjb`t ybq{bmbdbm nj tbd{`q kb

tbqvldl`t* btybdãfldncbm{b7 jn h`t{bjbqãn | jn qbt{nrqndlôm* jn bkrdndlôm* jnt nd{lvlknkbt nq{ãt{ldnt* qbdqbn{lvnt |

kb bm{qb{bmlclbm{`* jnt nrxljlnqbt | bj neqbenk` `{q`t tbqvldl`t- Jn {qnmtvbqtnjlknk kb jnt `dryndl`mbt* bt

kbdlq* tr dnyndlknk kb tbqvlq n cît kb rmn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn* nynqbdb {ncalìm d`c` rmn bt{qn{beln

ndbq{nkn-

Cît qbdlbm{bcbm{b bj @atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj hn yrajldnk` `{q` bt{rkl`46

t`aqb jnt `dryndl`mbt d`m cn|`qbt

`y`q{rmlknkbt kb {qnang` bm Anjbnqbt* tbe÷m rm nmîjltlt ~rb d`calmn bj bt{rkl` kb jn bv`jrdlôm kb jnt

bcyqbtnt bxlt{bm{bt* jn nfljlndlôm* jn d`m{qn{ndlôm | jn kbcnmkn kb bcyjb` qbelt{qnkn yqlmdlynjcbm{b* krqnm{bbj ybqã`k` 1992#199<- Kb ndrbqk` n bt{b bt{rkl`* kbt{ndnm dlmd` fncljlnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt ~rb d`mdbm{qnm jnt

`y`q{rmlknkbt kb {qnang` | kbtnqq`jj` yq`fbtl`mnj bm jn d`crmlknk7 tbqvldl`t t`dl`drj{rqnjbt | n jn

d`crmlknk* tberqlknk | cbkl` ncalbm{b* tnmlknk* ~rãcldn b lmf`qcî{ldn | d`crmldndl`mbt- [`knt bjjnt

yqbtbm{nm dqbdlclbm{` kbj bcyjb`* nj{`t mlvbjbt qbjn{lv`t kb `y`q{rmlknk kb {qnang`* ang`t mlvbjbt qbjn{lv`t

kb q`{ndlôm ` {bcy`qnjlknk | ang`t mlvbjbt kb d`cyb{bmdln y`q jnt vndnm{bt- N bt{nt fncljlnt y`kqãn nþnklqtb

jn kb lcnebm | t`mlk`* tl albm yqbtbm{n mlvbjbt qbjn{lv`t kb q`{ndlôm ` {bcy`qnjlknk trybql`qbt n jn cbkln-

Nkbcît* `{qnt tlb{b fncljlnt crbt{qnm mlvbjbt qbjn{lvncbm{b ang`t kb {bcy`qnjlknk | mlvbjbt cbkl`t kb

`y`q{rmlknk kb {qnang`* ybq` d`m rmn bjbvnkn d`cyb{bmdln y`q jnt vndnm{bt7 nq{bt eqîfldnt* d`cbqdl` |

cnqob{lme* bmbqeãn | nern* lcnebm ybqt`mnj* lmkrt{qln njlcbm{nqln* lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt b lmt{njndlôm |

cnm{bmlclbm{`- Bm drnm{` n jn h`t{bjbqãn | nj {rqltc`* tratbd{`q djnvb bm mrbt{qn bd`m`cãn* yqbtbm{n cît

klfldrj{nkbt bm {ìqclm`t kb `y`q{rmlknkbt kb {qnang`* kb {bcy`qnjlknk | kb d`cyb{bmdln y`q jnt vndnm{bt-

Jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb {qnang` bm Ynjcn kbabm bm{bmkbqtb kbm{q` kb bt{b cnqd` {bqql{`qlnj* ~rb lcyjldn jn

ndby{ndlôm kb rm`t qb~rbqlclbm{`t cãmlc`t kb c`vljlknk eb`eqîfldn lm{qnyq`vlmdlnjbt- Nkbcît* bj bt{rkl` kb

jnt `dryndl`mbt cît klmîcldnt bm bj crmldlyl` bt{î jlcl{nk` y`q jn btdntbw kb kn{`t bt{nkãt{ld`t

kbtneqbenk`t* yrklìmk`tb ndrklq ÷mldncbm{b n jn bv`jrdlôm kb jn nfljlndlôm n jn Tberqlknk T`dlnj* ~rbyqbtbm{n rmn qry{rqn kb tbqlbt y`q jn mrbvn djntlfldndlôm DMNB 9<-

Bm {`k` dnt`* jnt {najnt 14 | 1; crbt{qnm tr bv`jrdlôm kbtkb 1999 hnt{n 19>9- Ntã* yrbkb vbqtb ~rb j`t

qbtrj{nk`t yqbtbm{nm d`lmdlkbmdln n mlvbj ebmbqnj d`m j`t cbmdl`mnk`t ynqn bj d`mgrm{` kb jn d`crmlknk

nr{ôm`cn* tl albm t`m cît qbt{qld{lv`t n ynq{lq kb 199<-

42 Rmn nméjltl kb jbt dryndl`mt cìt klmécl~rbt n jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt bm bj ybqã`kb 1992#199<* D`jµjbddlô k“Bt{rklt jna`qnjt m÷c- 6* @atbqvn{ ql

kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt-

46 Jbt dryndl`mt l bjt tbd{`qt bd`mñcldt n jbt Anjbnqt7 bv jrdlô l {bmkèmdlbt tbe`mt jbt 16 fncãjlbt yq`fbttl`mnjt * D`jµjbddlô k“Bt{rklt jna`qnjtm÷c- >1*“@atbqvn{`ql kbj [qbanjj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt-




;2 z

[najn 14- Bv`jrdlôm kb jn nfljlndlôm nj Qìelcbm Ebmbqnj* Ynjcn* 1999#1995

NFLJLNK@T NJ Q- EBMBQNJ# [ETT # DMNB <4 1999 1995 " vnq-

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* dnwn | tbjvldrj{rqn 411 >-911 1>5*2"

(A, Ybtdn > ;1 ;>12*9"

(D, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt >1> >2> 12*9"

(K, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 5-61> 5-5<4 1*4"

(B, Yq`krddlôm | klt{qlardlôm kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent | nern 1-5>1 >-8>5 #44*9"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm >2-88< >5-692 >9*8"

(E, D`cbqdl`? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kb c`{`q* c`{`dldjb{nt |dldj`c`{`qbt | nq{ãdrj`t ybqt`mnjbt | kb rt k`cìt{ld`

12-45< 49-265 19*;"

(H, H`t{bjbqãn >8-489 11-455 1>*5"

(L, [qnmty`q{b* njcndbmnclbm{ | d`crmldndl`mbt >;->65 >5-669 1;*5"

(G, Lm{bqcbklndlôm flmnmdlbqn 5-1;5 5->>1 #>*<"

(O, Nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt | kb nj~rljbq? tbqvldl`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt 19-526 12-882 1;*5"

(J, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn* kbfbmtn | tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln <-;85 8-961 #>2*9"

(C, Bkrdndlôm 2->84 >9-228 >94*5"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | vb{bqlmnqlnt* tbqvldl t`dlnj >9-21> ><-994 89*6"(@, @{qnt nd{lvlknkbt t`dlnjbt | kb tbqvldl`t yqbt{nk`t n jn d`crmlknk?

tbqvldl`t ybqt`mnjbt5-2;1 >9-;>5 48*>"

(Y, Nd{lvlknkbt kb j`t hènqbt >>1 >4; 19*1"

(^, @qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt 45 1> #;1*<"

Tlm djntlfldnq >2 # #>99*9"

[`{nj >;2-;88 >89-11; 14*<"

[najn 1;- Bv`jrdlôm kb jn nfljlndlôm nj Qìelcbm Ebmbqnj* Ynjcn* 199<#19>9

NFLJLNK@T NJ Q- EBMBQNJ# [ETT # DMNB 9< 199< 19>9 " vnq-

(N, Neqldrj{rqn* enmnkbqãn* tljvldrj{rqn | ybtdn 615 662 6*>"

(A, Lmkrt{qlnt bx{qnd{lvnt >15 >98 #>2*1"

(D, Lmkrt{qln cnmrfnd{rqbqn 6-488 2-568 #<*5"

(K, Trclmlt{q kb bmbqeãn bjìd{qldn* ent* vny`q | nlqb nd`mkldl`mnk` >-195 >->65 #4*4"


1-1>5 1-><5 #9*<"

(F, D`mt{qrddlôm >1-618 >>-9>8 #>1*5"

(E, D`cbqdl nj y`q cn|`q | nj y`q cbm`q? qbynqndlôm kb vbhãdrj`t kbc`{`q

18-698 15-;65 #;*9"

(H, [qnmty`q{b | njcndbmnclbm{` >>-462 >9-;16 #8*4"

(L, H`t{bjbqãn 19-948 ><-554 #>*4"

(G, Lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt ;->91 4-<2< #4*2"

(O, Nd{lvlknkbt flmnmdlbqnt | kb tberq`t 6-86> 6-624 #4*9"

(J, Nd{lvlknkbt lmcàljlnqlnt 515 544 9*8"(C,Nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt 6-2>5 6-668 1*4"

(M, Nd{lvlknkbt nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | tbqvldl`t nrxljlnqbt >8-2;5 >8-4>; #>*4"

(@, Nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | kbfbmtn? tberqlknk t`dlnj ajlen{`qln 5-646 5-6<2 9*8"

(Y, Bkrdndlôm >>-688 >>-;12 #1*4"

(^, Nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt 19->84 19-1>6 9*1"

(Q, Nd{lvlknkbt nq{ãt{ldnt* qbdqbn{lvnt | kb bm{qb{bmlclbm{` 1-6;6 1-25< #1*6"

(T, @{q`t tbqvldl`t ;-5;9 ;-665 #>*2"


>;6 >6; >1*6"

(R, Nd{lvlknkbt kb `qenmlwndl`mbt | `qenmltc`t bx{qn{bqql{`qlnjbt 11 1> #>*<"

Tlm djntlfldnq # # #

[@[NJ >65-91> >6>-684 #4*1"





z ;6

Bm{qb j`t nþ`t kb bxynmtlôm 1999 n 1995* {`knt jnt nd{lvlknkbt yqbtbm{nm dqbdlclbm{`* bxdby{` jnt kb

nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn | jnt kb yq`krddlôm | klt{qlardlôm kb bmbqeãn- Bm ynq{ldrjnq* kbt{ndnm jn h`t{bjbqãn* bj

d`cbqdl`* jn d`mt{qrddlôm* jn bkrdndlôm | jnt nd{lvlknkbt tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt- Tlm bcanqe`* jn

vnqlndlôm bm{qb 199< | 19>9 tb {`qmn mben{lvn ynqn {`knt bjjnt* n bxdbydlôm kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt*

dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt* ~rb dqbnm rmn dlfqn kb `dryndlôm qbjbvnm{b (>2> mrbvnt nfljlndl`mbt,- Bj qbt{` kb

nd{lvlknkbt ~rb dqbdbm nybmnt ebmbqnm yrbt{`t kb {qnang` (>>9 nfljlndl`mbt bm {`{nj, |* nkbcît* albm

kbybmkbm kb flmnmdlndlôm y÷ajldn ~rb tb qbkrdlqî bm bj fr{rq` yqôxlc`* albm tb qbflbqbm nj bcyjb` k`cìt{ld`-

>-;- Klnemôt{ld kb jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb kbtnqq jj kb Ynjcn kb Cnjj qdn

Jn bt{qn{beln Brq`yn 1919 nmnjlwn jn bv`jrdlôm kb jn bd`m`cãn | bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj brq`yb` bm j`t ÷j{lc`t

nþ`t | d`mdjr|b ~rb j`t ynãtbt clbcaq`t tb bmfqbm{nm n klvbqt`t qb{`t kb eqnm dnjnk`- Bm{qb bjj`t kbt{ndn bj

yqèqbtlv` bmvbgbdlclbm{` kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn | tr fr{rqn cbm`q d`m{qlardlôm nj tlt{bcn kb yq`{bddlôm

t`dlnj* rm ql{c` kb dqbdlclbm{` bd`môcld` lmfbql`q nj kb j`t ynãtbt bcbqebm{bt d`m rm`t mlvbjbt kb bcyjb`

cît ang`t | d`m qlbte` kb y`jnqlwndlôm kb j`t yrbt{`t kb {qnang` bm bj fr{rq`* rmn grvbm{rk d`m rm bjbvnk`

mlvbj kb kbtbcyjb` | rm {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj frmkncbm{nk` bm Y\CB ~rb mbdbtl{n jlabqnqtb kb jnt dnqent

nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | k`{nqtb kb rmn cn|`q dnyndlknk kb lmm`vndlôm b lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm-

Ynqn d`can{lq bt{`t kìfldl{t bt{qrd{rqnjbt* tb yjnm{bn d`c` cb{n bj kbtnqq`jj` kb rmn bd`m`cãn antnkn bm bj

d`m`dlclbm{` | jn lmm`vndlôm? ~rb hnen rm rt` cît bfldnw kb j`t qbdrqt`t | tbn cît t`t{bmlajb? | ~rb njdnmdb

rm dqbdlclbm{` lm{beqnk`q* d`m rm nj{` mlvbj kb bcyjb` | d`hbtlôm t`dlnj | {bqql{`qlnj- Ynqn jn d`mtbdrdlôm kb

bt{b àgb{lv` bm{lbmkb ~rb bt mbdbtnql` lmd`qy`qnq rm bmf`~rb kb d`jna`qndlôm ~rb lmdjr|b n jnt nr{`qlknkbt

qbel`mnjbt | j`dnjbt | yjnm{bn rmn ncyjln an{bqãn kb cbklknt ~rb {qnangnm tàqb jn bd`m`cãn* jn lmm`vndlôm*

jnt [LD* bj bcyjb` | jn grvbm{rk* bm{qb `{qnt-

Bm Btynþn* bt{b klnemôt{ld` | jnt cbklknt kb lm{bqvbmdlôm nk h`d tb qbfjbgnm bm bj Yjnm Mndl`mnj kb Qbf`qcnt

(YMQ, 19>> | bm bj Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk 19>>#19>;* ~rb tb bmdrbm{qnm bm fntb kb kbtnqq`jj`- Bm qbtrcbm*

jnt yqlmdlynjbt kbdltl`mbt kb lm{bqvbmdlôm tb qbflbqbm n jn qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj bm artdn kb rmn cn|`q

fjbxlaljlknk* n jn jlabqnjlwndlôm kb j`t tbqvldl`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt | n jn cbg`qn kbj bm{`qm` bcyqbtnqlnj* qbkrdlbmk`

jnt dnqent nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | cbg`qnmk` jn d``qklmndlôm bm{qb nkclmlt{qndl`mbt y÷ajldnt-

Bm drnm{` nfbd{n n Anjbnqbt | n mrbt{qn dlrknk bm ynq{ldrjnq yrbkbm qbdrybqnqtb jnt d`mdjrtl`mbt ebmbqnjbt

vlt{nt ynqn Brq`yn | Btynþn- Bm yqlcbq jrenq* kbt{ndn rmn yàjndlôm d`m {bmkbmdln nj bmvbgbdlclbm{`* n÷m

drnmk` jn d`m{qlardlôm kb mrbvn yàjndlôm lmcleqnm{b hn qbgrvbmbdlk` bj ynm`qncn kbcèqîfld` nm{bql`q-

Bm j` qbfbqbm{b n jn bv`jrdlôm kb jn bd`m`cãn anjbnq* tb nyqbdln rm dqbdlclbm{` qnjbm{lwnk` bm jn ÷j{lcn

kìdnkn* lmfbql`q nj kbj qbt{` kb d`crmlknkbt nr{ôm`cnt btynþ`jnt* ~rb tl{÷n mrbt{q` YLA ybq dîyl{n y`q

kbang` kb jn cbkln btynþ`jn- Bt{b dqbdlclbm{` tb hn antnk` bm jn bxynmtlôm kbj tbd{`q kb jn d`mt{qrddlôm*




;5 z

klnemôt{ld`

~rb nh`qn tb hnjjn bm fntb kb ngrt{b- Kb lernj c`k`* bj yqlmdlynj tbd{`q bt{qn{ìeld` kb jnt ltjnt* bj {rqltc`* bt{î

lmcbqt` bm rm cbqdnk` cr| bxlebm{b kbalk` n jn qbkrddlôm kb jn bt{nmdln cbkln ~rb yq`v`dn bj

bmkrqbdlclbm{` kb jn d`cyb{bmdln vãn yqbdl`t qbtybd{` kb j`t `{q`t kbt{lm`t cbkl{bqqîmb`t* hbdh` ~rb knþn

jn qbm{naljlknk kbj tbd{`q | tr lcnebm kb yqbt{lel`- Y`q {nm{`* bt mbdbtnql` yq`c`vbq bj qbjnmwnclbm{` kb bt{b

tbd{`q bt{qn{ìeld` | kb trt nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt d`cyjbcbm{nqlnt* ntã d`c` f`cbm{nq bj kbtnqq`jj` kb

tbd{`qbt bd`môcld`t nj{bqmn{lv`t* btybdlnjcbm{b kb j`t antnk`t bm jn t`dlbknk kbj d`m`dlclbm{` | jn

lmm`vndlôm- Kb hbdh`* j`t kn{`t kb jn Tberqlknk T`dlnj |n crbt{qnm rm lcyrjt` d`m{lmrnk` kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt

kb lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndl`mbt* bm{qb `{qnt- Nkbcît* kb tr {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj dnab tbþnjnq ~rb

yqbk`clmnm jnt Y\CB* btybdãfldncbm{b jnt cldq`bcyqbtnt kbj tbd{`q tbqvldl`t* d`m jlcl{nk`t qbdrqt`t | rm

c`kbqnk` eqnk` kb lmm`vndlôm ~rb mbdbtl{nm bj ny`|` kb jn nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn ynqn d`mt`jlknq tr

dqbdlclbm{`-

Bm qbfbqbmdln nj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`* Ynjcn yqbtbm{n rmn yb`q bv`jrdlôm ~rb bj d`mgrm{` kb jn d`crmlknk*

yrbt ndèb bm cbm`q cbklkn n jnt k`t nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt ~rb cn|`q dnyndlknk kb ebmbqndlôm kb

bcyjb` hnm c`t{qnk` bm jn d`crmlknk bm j`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t* h`t{bjbqãn | d`mt{qrddlôm- Bj d`cbqdl`* d`m

cn|`q yqbtbmdln bm jn dnyl{nj* tb hn c`t{qnk` cr| tbmtlajb n j`t dncal`t kb dldj`* dqbdlbmk` bm cn|`q

cbklkn bm jn ìy`dn kb bxynmtlôm ybq` {ncalìm kbdqbdlbmk` cît bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ`- Bj {qnmty`q{b |

njcndbmngb* y`q tr ynq{b* dqbdlô bm y`qdbm{ngbt dbqdnm`t bm nca`t {bqql{`ql`t bm jn ìy`dn kb bxynmtlôm* ybq`

tb qbkrg` cît bm Ynjcn ~rb bm Anjbnqbt {ncalìm bm bj ÷j{lc` nþ`-

Ntã* bj ynq` tb hn lmdqbcbm{nk` cît bm Ynjcn* kb f`qcn ~rb bm 19>9 njdnmwn bj ;1*1" kbj {`{nj kbj ynq`

anjbnq- Bj cn|`q v`jrcbm kb yàjndlôm tb ndrcrjn bm jnt nd{lvlknkbt kb qbt{` kb tbqvldl`t (m` h`t{bjbqãn ml

d`cbqdl`,* tberlkn n klt{nmdln y`q jn d`mt{qrddlôm* jn h`t{bjbqãn | bj d`cbqdl`- Ìt{nt t`m yrbt jnt nd{lvlknkbt

~rb qb~rlbqbm kb rmn cn|`q n{bmdlôm y`q ynq{b kb jn nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn* n|rknmk` n jn qblmtbqdlôm

jna`qnj kb j`t d`jbd{lv`t kb {qnangnk`qbt cît nfbd{nk`t y`q bj kbtbcyjb`* n jn qbdrybqndlôm kb j`t yrbt{`t kb

{qnang` ybqklk`t bm jnt bcyqbtnt | nj lmdqbcbm{` kb jn bcyjbnaljlknk kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn yq`c`vlbmk` jn

dnyndl{ndlôm | jn c`vljlknk jna`qnj bm bj bm{`qm` brq`yb`-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk`* bm Anjbnqbt kbt{ndnm dlmd` fncljlnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt ~rb d`mdbm{qnm jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb

{qnang` | kbtnqq`jj` yq`fbtl`mnj7 tbqvldl`t t`dl`drj{rqnjbt | n jn d`crmlknk* tberqlknk | cbkl` ncalbm{b*

tnmlknk* ~rãcldn b lmf`qcî{ldn | d`crmldndl`mbt- [`knt bjjnt yqbtbm{nm dqbdlclbm{` kbj bcyjb`* nj{`t mlvbjbt

qbjn{lv`t kb `y`q{rmlknk kb {qnang`* ang`t mlvbjbt qbjn{lv`t kb q`{ndlôm ` {bcy`qnjlknk | ang`t mlvbjbt kb

d`cyb{bmdln y`q jnt vndnm{bt bm bj ybqã`k` 1992#199<- D`m rmn vltlôm cît ncyjln* tl n{bmkbc`t n jnt




z ;8

yq`|bddl`mbt kb dnqn n 1919* j`t tbqvldl`t kb cbqdnk` | jn klt{qlardlôm | bj {qnmty`q{b tbqãnm jnt nd{lvlknkbt

~rb cît bcyjb` ebmbqnqãnm bm Brq`yn* clbm{qnt ~rb jn tnmlknk y÷ajldn | jn bkrdndlôm qbkrdlqãnm tr

kbcnmkn kbalk` n jnt qbt{qlddl`mbt bm j`t yqbtryrbt{`t y÷ajld`t* tbe÷m Dbkbf`y-

Flmnjcbm{b* bt lcy`q{nm{b nkvbq{lq ~rb bj bcyjb` bm Ynjcn bt{î yqbk`clmnm{bcbm{b antnk` bm `fldl`t ~rb

nybmnt qb~rlbqbm kb drnjlfldndlôm ndnkìcldn ` yq`fbtl`mnj- Kb n~rã ~rb jnt ltjnt tb dnqnd{bqldbm y`q {bmbq bj

cbm`q qn{l` kb rmlvbqtl{nql`t kb Btynþn |* n÷m ntã* bj cn|`q mlvbj kb kbtngrt{b kbdjnqnk` #bm{qb jn f`qcndlômrmlvbqtl{nqln d`mtberlkn | bj {ly` kb {qnang` qbnjlwnk`#- [ncalìm dnab kbdlq ~rb tb nkvlbq{b bj cltc` qlbte`

kb rmn y`jnqlwndlôm kbj {qnang` tbþnjnkn bm Brq`yn* d`m rmn kbcnmkn ~rb tb lmdqbcbm{n bm jnt `dryndl`mbt

d`m mlvbjbt kb drnjlfldndlôm cît ang`t | cît bjbvnk`t* clbm{qnt ~rb kbdqbdb ` tb bt{naljlwn bm j`t mlvbjbt

lm{bqcbkl`t- Y`q {nm{`* ynqn nrcbm{nq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj | jn yq`krd{lvlknk kbj {qnang`*

bt mbdbtnql` cbg`qnq jn drnjlfldndlôm kb jn y`ajndlôm nd{lvn* btybdlnjcbm{b kb j`t gôvbmbt* ybq` {ncalìm tbq

dnyndbt kb `fqbdbqjbt bcyjb`t bm nd{lvlknkbt kb nj{` vnj`q nþnklk`-




;< z

Bj tlerlbm{b drnkq` KNF@ qbtrcb bt{b klnemôt{ld` bt{qn{ìeld` kb Ynjcn kb Cnjj`qdn jlt{nmk` trt f`q{njbwnt*

kbaljlknkbt* `y`q{rmlknkbt | ncbmnwnt kbtkb rmn ybqtybd{lvn kbcèqîfldn* bd`môcldn | jna`qnj-

F@Q[NJBWNT KBALJLKNKBT

>- Y`tldlôm ebèqîfldn bt{qn{ìeldn bm bj Cbkl{bqqîmb`

1- Nbq`yrbq{` hra ynqn vnqlnt dãnt- nìqbnt

4- D`mkldlôm kb dnyl{njlknk kb Ynjcn

;- D`mdbm{qndlôm kb jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn | kb jnyàjndlôm nd{lvn kb jbt Anjbnqt-

2- Dlrknk d`tc`y`jl{n | crj{ldrj{rqnj

6- Bd`m`cãn kbybmklbm{b kbj cbqdnk` brq`yb`*btybdlnjcbm{b njbcîm b lmejìt* cbm`t nfbd{nk`y`q jn dqltlt bd`môcldn

5- [qnkldl`mnj klmncltc` bcyqbmkbk`q

8- [bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj qbjn{lvncbm{b klvbqtlfldnk` bmbj tbd{`q kb tbqvldl`t

<- Bxlt{bmdln kb nd{lvlknkbt bcyqbtnqlnjbt ~rb dqbdbmn ybtnq kb jn dqltlt7 lmf`qcî{ldn | d`crmldndl`mbt?nd{lvlknkbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt* dlbm{ãfldnt | {ìdmldnt*tnml{nqlnt | kb tbqvldl`t t`dlnjbt* b lmcàljlnqlnt*yqlmdlynjcbm{b-

>- D`t{b ebmbqnj kb jn lmtrjnqlknk

1- D`|rm{rqn bd`môcldn | jna`qnj kbaljl{nkn y`q jndqltlt lm{bqmndl`mnj | mndl`mnj

4- Qbkrddlôm yqèqbtlvn kb jn dnyndlknk kb d`mtrc`kb j`t {rqlt{nt | qbtlkbm{bt

;- Bt{ndl`mnjlknk kb jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn

2- Bxdbtlvn kbybmkbmdln kbj tratbd{`q kbj {rqltc` |nd{lvlknk lmkrt{qlnj dntl lmbxlt{bm{b

6- [bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj d`cyrbt{` aîtldncbm{b y`qcldq`bcyqbtnt

5- Mbdbtlknk kb c`kbqmlwndlôm kbj {bglk` kb d`cbqdl`nj kb{njj

8- Kbtd``qklmndlôm bm{qb jnt klvbqtntnkclmlt{qndl`mbt lmv`jrdqnknt bm jn yq`c`dlômbd`môcldn | jna`qnj

<- Bxdbtlvn dnqen nkclmlt{qn{lvn ynqn jnt bcyqbtnt

>9- Fnj{n kb yq`c`dlôm lm{bqmndl`mnj kb jn dlrknk d`c`dbm{q` bcyqbmkbk`q

>>- Ang` mlvbj kb f`qcndlôm kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn

>1- @fbq{n kb {qnang` d`mdbm{qnkn bm dn{be`qãnt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb angn drnjlfldndlôm (yb`mbt kb jnd`mt{qrddlôm* ybqt`mnj kb jlcylbwn* dncnqbq`t---,

>4- Bjbvnk` ynq`* d`m nj{n yq`y`qdlôm kb jn jnqenkrqndlôm

@Y@Q[RMRKNKBT NCBMNWNT

>- Cbqdnk`t bcbqebm{bt kb {rqlt{nt bm jn RB

1- Lmdqbcbm{` kb jn vltl{n kb dqrdbq`t n j`t yrbq{`tkb jn dlrknk

4- Bjbvnk` dqbdlclbm{` kbcèqîfld` kb jn dlrknk | kb

j`t crmldlyl`t kb njqbkbk`q

;- Tl{rndlôm d`|rm{rqnj fnv`qnajb fqbm{b n j`tcbqdnk`t {rqãt{ld`t d`cyb{lk`qbt

2- Kbtnqq`jj` kb tbecbm{`t kb nd{lvlknk {rqãt{ldncbm`t bt{ndl`mnjbt ({rqltc` drj{rqnj…,

6- T`y`q{b y`jã{ld` | bcyqbtnqlnj n jn LKL

5- T`y`q{b y`jã{ld` n jn tlcyjlfldndlôm kb jnt dnqentnkclmlt{qn{lvnt n jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt-

>- Y`tlajb mrbvn qbdbtlôm bd`môcldn lm{bqmndl`mnj |mndl`mnj

1- Kltclmrdlôm bm jn lmvbqtlôm y÷ajldn yqbvlt{n n dnrtnkbj bmkbrknclbm{` kb jn Nkclmlt{qndlôm

4- Qbkrddlôm d`mt{nm{b kb jn dnyndlknk kb d`mtrc` |kb nh`qq` kb j`t qbtlkbm{bt | {rqlt{nt

;- Yqèqbtlv` bmvbgbdlclbm{` kb jn yàjndlôm

2- Nrcbm{` kb jn d`mdbm{qndlôm kb jn nd{lvlknkbd`môcldn bm bj tbd{`q kb tbqvldl`t {rqãt{ld`t

6- Nrcbm{` kb jn yqbdnqlbknk kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj |bcyb`qnclbm{` kb jnt d`mkldl`mbt jna`qnjbt

5- Nrcbm{` kb jnt kbtlernjknkbt t`dlnjbt | kbjbcyàqbdlclbm{`




z 29




2> z

GRT[LFLDNDLÔM KBJ YJNM BT[QN[ÌELD@

>-2-

Grt{lfldndlômkbj yjnm bt{qn{ìeld`




z 21

1-> Cnqd` d`cyb{bmdlnj kb jnt Nebmdlnt kb kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj

Bj kbqbdh` nj {qnang`* n jn jlaqb bjbddlôm kb yq`fbtlôm r `fldl` | n jn yq`c`dlôm jna`qnj45

bt rm` kb j`t kbqbdh`t

| jlabq{nkbt frmkncbm{njbt qbd`m`dlk`t bm jn D`mt{l{rdlôm Btynþ`jn (DB,* | tb qbtbqvn nj Bt{nk` jn

d`cyb{bmdln bxdjrtlvn tàqb jn jbeltjndlôm jna`qnj48

* d`m jn tnjvbknk kb n{qlarlq d`cyb{bmdlnt n jntD`crmlknkbt Nr{ôm`cnt ynqn tr bgbdrdlôm-

Jn d`mt{l{rdlôm* lernjcbm{b* qbd`m`db n jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt* crmldlyl`t | yq`vlmdlnt jn dnyndlknk ynqn jn

ebt{lôm kb trt lm{bqbtbt4<

* qbtbqvîmk`tb bj Bt{nk` jn d`cyb{bmdln bxdjrtlvn ynqn qberjnq jnt antbt kbj qìelcbm

grqãkld` kb jnt Nkclmlt{qndl`mbt y÷ajldnt;9

qbd`m`dlbmk`* nj cltc` {lbcy` n jnt d`crmlknkbt nr{ôm`cnt rmn

d`cyb{bmdln d`cynq{lkn;>* cbklnm{b jb|bt kb {qnmtfbqbmdln-

Bm bt{b cnqd`* jn jb| qberjnk`qn kb jnt antbt kbj qìelcbm j`dnj (JQAQJ, 5/><82 bt{najbdb rm bjbvnk` eqnk` kb

nr{`m`cãn n jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt ynqn7 n, jn yqèqncndlôm ` yjnmlfldndlôm;1 kb {`kn djntb kb nd{lvlknkbt |

tbqvldl`t y÷ajld`t ~rb d`m{qlar|nm n tn{ltfndbq jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb ntylqndl`mbt kb jn d`crmlknk vbdlmnj;4

| a,

bm jn qbejncbm{nqln | kb nr{``qenmlwndlôm;;

-

Bfbd{lvncbm{b* bt{n nr{`m`cãn enqnm{lwnkn d`mt{l{rdl`mnjcbm{b kbab ntberqnq n j`t crmldlyl`t tr kbqbdh` n

lm{bqvbmlq bm drnm{`t ntrm{`t nfbd{bm klqbd{ncbm{b nj dãqdrj` kb trt lm{bqbtbt* n{qlar|ìmk`jbt jnt

d`cyb{bmdlnt ~rb yq`dbkn bm n{bmdlôm n jnt dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt kb jn nd{lvlknk y÷ajldn kb ~rb tb {qn{b | n jn

dnyndlknk kb ebt{lôm kb jn bm{lknk j`dnj* kb d`mf`qclknk d`m j`t yqlmdlyl`t kb kbtdbm{qnjlwndlôm | kb cîxlcn

yq`xlclknk kb jn ebt{lôm nkclmlt{qn{lvn n j`t dlrknknm`t;2

-

Bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb`* jn nm{bql`q Jb| Aîtldn kb Bcyjb` (JAB, 2>/><89* ynq{ãn kb jn bxlt{bmdln kb rm ÷mld`

tbqvldl` y÷ajld` kb bcyjb`* Lmt{l{r{` Mndl`mnj kb Bcyjb`* d`m d`cyb{bmdln bm jn {`{njlknk kbj {bqql{`ql`

bt{n{nj | rmn ebt{lôm ãm{beqncbm{b dbm{qnjlwnkn bm jn Nkclmlt{qndlôm Ebmbqnj kbj Bt{nk`-

Jn vlebm{b jb| kb Bcyjb`* jb| 26/1994* kbtkb rmn ybqtybd{lvn kb nqc`mlwndlôm kbj mrbv` c`kbj` d`m jn

nd{rnj klt{qlardlôm kb d`cyb{bmdlnt d`mt{l{rdl`mnjbt bm{qb bj Bt{nk` | jnt d`crmlknkbt nr{ôm`cnt* bm

cn{bqln kb y`jã{ldn kb bcyjb`* dbm{qn trt àgb{lv`t bm ntberqnq jn d``ybqndlôm | d``qklmndlôm bm{qb jnt

Nkclmlt{qndl`mbt lcyjldnknt kb c`k` ~rb tb jèqb jn cîxlcn bfbd{lvlknk c`vljlwnmk` | `y{lclwnmk` {`k`tj`t qbdrqt`t klty`mlajbt | ynqn bjj` dqbn rm mrbv` lmt{qrcbm{`* bj Tlt{bcn Mndl`mnj kb Bcyjb`* d`mtlkbqnk`

bt{b d`c` rm d`mgrm{` kb bt{qrd{rqnt* cbklknt | nddl`mbt mbdbtnqlnt ynqn yq`c`vbq | kbtnqq`jjnq jn y`jã{ldn

45 D`mt{l{rdlôm Btynþ`jn7 Nq{- 42-48

D`mt{l{rdlôm Btynþ`jn7 Nq{- >;<->-5-4< D`mt{l{rdlôm Btynþ`jn7 Nq{- >45-;9

D`mt{l{rdlôm Btynþ`jn7 Nq{- >;<->->8-;> D`mt{l{rdlôm Btynþ`jn7 Nq{- >;8-1-;1

Jb| Qberjnk`qn kb jnt Antbt kbj Qìelcbm J`dnj7 Nq{- ;d-;4 Jb| Qberjnk`qn kb jnt Antbt kbj Qìelcbm J`dnj7 Nq{- 12-;; Jb| Qberjnk`qn kb jnt Antbt kbj Qìelcbm J`dnj7 Nq{- ;n-;2 Jb| Qberjnk`qn kb jnt Antbt kbj Qìelcbm J`dnj7 Nq{- 1-




24 z

kb bcyjb`- Tr flmnjlknk bt bj kbtnqq`jj` kb yqèqncnt | cbklknt {bmkbm{bt n jn d`mtbdrdlôm kbj yjbm`

bcyjb` bm j`t {ìqclm`t nd`qknk`t bm jn Drcaqb kb Gbfbt kb Bt{nk` | kb Eàlbqm` kb Jlta`n* lm{beqnk` y`q bj

Tbqvldl` Y÷ajld` kb Bcyjb` Bt{n{nj | j`t Tbqvldl`t Y÷ajld`t kb jnt d`crmlknkbt nr{ôm`cnt- Trt ôqenm`t t`m jn

D`mfbqbmdln Tbd{`qlnj kb Ntrm{`t Jna`qnjbt | bj D`mtbg` Ebmbqnj kbj Tlt{bcn Mndl`mnj kb Bcyjb`- Trt

lmt{qrcbm{`t* bj Yjnm mndl`mnj kb nddlôm ynqn bj bcyjb`* bj Yqèqncn nmrnj kb {qnang` kbj Tlt{bcn Mndl`mnj

kb Bcyjb` | bj Tlt{bcn kb lmf`qcndlôm kb j`t Tbqvldl`t Y÷ajld`t kb Bcyjb`- Jn jb| {lbmb y`q àgb{lv`

lmdqbcbm{nq jn bfldlbmdln kbj frmdl`mnclbm{` kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` | cbg`qnq jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb

lmd`qy`qndlôm nj cltc` ynqn d`mtberlq bj àgb{lv` kbj yjbm` bcyjb`-

Jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt m` tb lm{beqnm kbm{q` kbj Tlt{bcn mndl`mnj kb bcyjb`* ~rb bt{î lm{beqnk` y`q bj

Tbqvldl` Y÷ajld` kb Bcyjb` Bt{n{nj | j`t Tbqvldl`t Y÷ajld`t kb Bcyjb` kb jnt d`crmlknkbt nr{ôm`cnt;6* ybq`

bj {bx{` jbenj* kbm{q` kb tr [l{rj` L* M`qcnt ebmbqnjbt* bt{najbdb d`c` yqlmdlyl` qbd{`q ~rb jnt y`jã{ldnt kb

bcyjb`* bm tr kltbþ` | c`kbj` kb ebt{lôm* kbabqîm {bmbq bm drbm{n tr klcbmtlôm j`dnj ynqn ngrt{nqjnt n jnt

mbdbtlknkbt kbj {bqql{`ql`* kb cnmbqn ~rb fnv`qbwdnm | ny`|bm jnt lmldln{lvnt kb ebmbqndlôm kb bcyjb` bm bj

îcal{` j`dnj | ~rb jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt kb d`mf`qclknk d`m jn D`mt{l{rdlôm* d`m j`t Bt{n{r{`t kb Nr{`m`cãn

| d`m jn Jb| 5/><82* kb 1 kb naqlj* Qberjnk`qn kb jnt Antbt kbj Qìelcbm J`dnj* j`t Tbqvldl`t Y÷ajld`t kb Bcyjb`

kb jnt D`crmlknkbt Nr{ôm`cnt* bm bgbdrdlôm kb jnt nddl`mbt | cbklknt kb y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt* y`kqîm

bt{najbdbq j`t cbdnmltc`t kb d`jna`qndlôm `y`q{rm`t d`m jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt* yrklbmk` jnt bm{lknkbt

j`dnjbt ynq{ldlynq bm bj yq`dbt` kb d`mdbq{ndlôm {bqql{`qlnj kb jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb`* cbklnm{b tr

qbyqbtbm{ndlôm | ynq{ldlyndlôm bm j`t ôqenm`t kb ynq{ldlyndlôm lmt{l{rdl`mnj kb îcal{` nr{`môcld`-

Bm bgbdrdlôm kb jn d`cyb{bmdln n{qlarlkn bm bj nq{ãdrj` >;8->-1 kb jn D`mt{l{rdlôm | bj nq{ãdrj` >>-1 kbj

Bt{n{r{` kb Nr{`m`cãn jn d`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn kb jnt Ljjbt Anjbnqt* tb nyqàô jn Jb| 19/1996* kb >2 kb

;6 Jb| 26/1994* kb >6 kb kldlbcaqb* kb Bcyjb`7 Nq{- 2-




z 2;

kldlbcaqb* crmldlynj | kb qìelcbm j`dnj kb jnt Ljjbt Anjbnqt ~rb yq`dbkb nj kbtnqq`jj` jbeltjn{lv` | jn bgbdrdlôm

kb jn cn{bqln bm qìelcbm j`dnj-

Jn jb| 19/1996 tr Dnyã{rj` LV kb tr {ã{rj` LL qbjndl`mn jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt yq`ylnt # ~rb tbqîm bgbqdlknt y`q bt{nt

bm{lknkbt d`m yjbmn nr{`m`cãn* t`jncbm{b trgb{n nj d`m{q`j kb d`mt{l{rdl`mnjlknk | jbenjlknk # ~rb {lbmbm j`tcrmldlyl`t kb jnt Ljjbt Anjbnqt* bm bj cnqd` kb jnt jb|bt* nkbcît kb jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt kbqlvnknt kb jn

jbeltjndlôm aîtldn kbj Bt{nk` | kbj bgbqdldl` kb jnt ~rb yrbknm tbq kbjbenknt y`q bj Bt{nk`* y`q jn d`crmlknk

nr{ôm`cn* y`q j`t d`mtbg`t | y`q `{qnt nkclmlt{qndl`mbt#* bt{nmk` bm{qb bjjnt bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj;5-

Jn jb| kb dnyl{njlknk* jb| 14/1996* kb 14 kb kldlbcaqb* qbd`eb bt{nt d`cyb{bmdlnt bm bj îcal{` kb bcyjb`

d`m rm cn|`q #nrm~rb aqbvb# kbtnqq`jj`7 Drqt`t kb f`qcndlôm `dryndl`mnj* Yq`eqncn kb `qlbm{ndlôm |

yq`c`dlôm jna`qnj;8

* lmtbqdlôm yq`fbtl`mnj kb j`t gôvbmbt;<

-

Jn mbdbtnqln lm{bqvbmdlôm kb j` j`dnj bm bj kbtnqq`jj` kb y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb` m` t`j` bt{î frbqn kb {`kn

krkn tlm` ~rb* nkbcît* hn tlk` d`mtneqnkn d`c` mbdbtnqln bm bj qbdlbm{b Qbnj Kbdqb{` >2;1/19>>* kb 4> kb

`d{raqb* y`q bj ~rb tb nyqrban jn Bt{qn{beln Btynþ`jn kb Bcyjb` 19>1#19>;* bm bj tb hndb d`mt{nq ~rb ‚…Jn

Bt{qn{beln Btynþ`jn kb Bcyjb` d`c` qbfbqbm{b d`c÷m n jnt lmldln{lvnt kb bcyjbnaljlknk kbab d`m{qlarlq n rmn

;5Jb| 19/1996* kb >2 kb kldlbcaqb* crmldlynj | kb qìelcbm j dnj kb jnt Ljjbt Anjbnqt7 Nq{- 1<-1 {-

;8 Jb| 14/1996* kb 19 kb kldlbcaqb* kb dnyl{njlknk kb Ynjcn7 Nq{- <<-4d-

;< Jb| 14/1996* kb 19 kb kldlbcaqb* kb dnyl{njlknk kb Ynjcn7 Nq{ >9>-




22 z

cn|`q d``ybqndlôm bm{qb j`t klt{lm{`t mlvbjbt nkclmlt{qn{lv`t | {bqql{`qlnjbt* lmdjr|bmk` jn qbjndlôm y÷ajld`#

yqlvnkn | d`mtlkbqnmk` bj ynybj kb jnt nkclmlt{qndl`mbt j`dnjbt…–

Bt{b kàjb tbm{lk`* y`q rmn ynq{b jn d`cyb{bmdln | dnyndlknk jbenj kb jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt ynqn kbtnqq`jjnq

{`kn djntb kb tbqvldl`t y÷ajld`t ~rb d`m{qlar|nm n tn{ltfndbq jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb ntylqndl`mbt kb jn d`crmlknkvbdlmnj | y`q `{qn* jn fnj{n kb rmn cn|`q d`mdqbdlôm kb jnt n{qlardl`mbt yq`ylnt kb jnt bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt kbm{q`

bm cn{bqln kb `dryndlôm | bcyjb`* m` qbtrj{n ôaldb ynqn qbd`m`dbq bj ynybj frmkncbm{nj ~rb {lbmb bj

bm{`qm` j`dnj bm bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` kb j`t {bqql{`ql`t- Qbtrj{n lmmbenajb jn d`cyb{bmdln j`dnj bm

kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj | bm y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb `dryndlôm-

Bt yqbdltncbm{b bt{n d`cyb{bmdln* jn kbj kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj* jn ~rb bmejàn arbmn ynq{b kb jnt n~rã kbtdql{nt7

bcyjb`* yq`c`dlôm bd`môcldn* f`qcndlôm | dnyndl{ndlôm kb jn dlrknknmãn* ny`|` nj bcyqbmkbk`q* b{d- | bt{î

bm{qb jnt yql`ql{nqlnt qbtybd{` kb jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt crmldlynjbt* {`kn vbw ~rb {lbmb rmn eqnm lmdlkbmdln tàqb

bj kbtnqq`jj` kb jn dlrknk* tr dqbdlclbm{` bd`môcld` | jn cbg`qn kb jnt d`mkldl`mbt kb vlkn | hnal{naljlknk-

Ntã* jn D`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt* bm tr qbdlbm{b jb| Kbdqb{` jb| 2/19>>* kb 1< kb ne`t{`* kb

ny`|` n jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt | n jn cldq`* yb~rbþn | cbklnmn bcyqbtn kb jnt Ltjnt Anjbnqbt* knkn bm

kbtnqq`jj` kbj yqbvlt{` bm j`t nq{- >< alt | d`md`qknm{bt kb jn jb| 26/1994 qbd`m`db bt{n jna`q | j`t tbqvldl`t

~rb tb bt{îm yqbt{nmk` kbtkb bj bm{`qm` j`dnj | lcyrjtnq jn d``qklmndlôm kb jnt lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt y÷ajldnt

bxlt{bm{bt* d`m bj àgb{lv` kb hndbqjnt cît bfldlbm{bt | kb ebmbqnq rm qbdrqt` c`{`q | {qnd{`q kb dqbndlôm |

d`mt`jlkndlôm bcyqbtnqlnj29-

Jn cbg`q f`qcn kb lmt{qrcbm{njlwnq bt{n d`cyb{bmdln j`dnj bm cn{bqln kb kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj bt lmkrknajbcbm{b

jn yjnmlfldndlôm bt{qn{ìeldn2>

* k`mkb tb flgn bj nmîjltlt kb jn tl{rndlôm | {bmkbmdlnt kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`*

`qlbm{ndl`mbt | àgb{lv`t n njdnmwnq bm cn{bqln kb y`jã{ldn kb bcyjb` b lkbm{lfldnq nddl`mbt | cbklknt* flgnq rm

tlt{bcn kb lmkldnk`qbt drnm{l{n{lv`t | drnjl{n{lv`t ~rb ybqcl{nm bj tberlclbm{` kb j`t àgb{lv`t | tr eqnk` kb

drcyjlclbm{` | jn k`{ndlôm yqbtryrbt{nqln lmkldn{lvn-

Bt{n lmt{qrcbm{njlwndlôm tb jjbvn n dna` bm eqnm dnm{lknk kb crmldlyl`t | bm jnt yqlmdlynjbt dnyl{njbt kb

yq`vlmdln btynþ`jnt n {qnvìt kb `qenmltc`t lmkbybmklbm{bt* vlmdrjnk`t nj N|rm{nclbm{` | nj îqbn crmldlynj

d`qqbty`mklbm{b* d`m`dlk`t d`c` Nebmdlnt kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj (NKJ,- Jnt NKJ t`m Bm{lknkbt kbkldnknt n

{nqbnt kb lm{bqcbklndlôm* yq`c`dlôm | ny`|` nj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` kb trt crmldlyl`t- T`m y`q {nm{`

bm{lknkbt ~rb yqbt{nm rm tbqvldl` y÷ajld`* dr|` àgb{lv` bt yq`c`vbq bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` | t`dlnj*

y`{bmdlnmk` j`t qbdrqt`t j`dnjbt* f`cbm{nmk` jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj | jnt lmldln{lvnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt21-

29 Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb| 2/19>>* kb 1< kb naqlj* kb cbklknt ynqn jn qberjnqlwndlôm | d`m{q`j kbj bcyjb` trcbqelk` | f`cbm{` kb jn qbhnaljl{ndlômkb vlvlbmknt7 Nq{ <-

2> Jb| 26/1994* kb >6 kb kldlbcaqb* kb Bcyjb`7 Nq{- ;alt-

21 Kbflmldlôm kb NKJ kbj Lmt{l{r{` kb Dqìkl{` @fldlnj (LD@,




z 26

1-1 Cnqd` jbenj d`m{bcyjnk` bm jn qbknddlôm kbj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld`

Bm drnm{` nj cnqd` jbeltjn{lv` bm bj ~rb tb kbtbmvrbjvbm jnt nd{rndl`mbt qbdèlknt bm bt{b Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld`*

tb hn {bmlk` bm drbm{n rm ncyjl` d`m{bx{` qberjn{`ql` bm bj ~rb kbt{ndnm7

Bm bj îcal{` brq`yb`* jnt d`crmldndl`mbt D@C (1998, | D@C (19>>, qbjn{lvnt n ‚Ybmtnq yqlcbq` n

yb~rbþn btdnjn– * ‚Tcnjj Artlmbtt Nd{– ynqn Brq`yn* |n cbmdl`mnknt bm jn lm{q`krddlôm y`q tr

qbjbvnmdln n jn h`qn kb klargnq jnt {bmkbmdlnt kb fr{rq` {nm{` bm Brq`yn d`c` bm jnt Anjbnqbt-

[ncalìm bm {ìqclm`t kb djîrtrjnt t`dlnjbt ynqn jn d`m{qn{ndlôm y÷ajldn* {nj d`c` qbdèb jn klqbd{lvn

199;/>8/DB kb 4> kb cnqw` kb 199; kbj ynqjncbm{` brq`yb` | bj d`mtbg`* tàqb yq`dbklclbm{`t kb

nkgrkldndlôm kb d`m{qnd{`t y÷ajld`t kb àqnt* trclmlt{q`t | tbqvldl`t-

Bm bj îcal{` bt{n{nj | bm bj cnqd` kb bcyjb`7 Jb| 26/1994 kb >6 kb kldlbcaqb kb bcyjb`* d`m jnt

c`klfldndl`mbt lm{q`krdlknt y`q Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb| >9/19>9* kb >6 kb grml`* kb cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn

jn qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`* Jb| 42/19>9* kb >5 kb tby{lbcaqb* kb cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn jn

qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` kb {qnang` | btybdlnjcbm{b y`q Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb| 4/19>>* kb >8 kb fbaqbq`* kb

cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn jn cbg`qn kb jn bcyjbnaljlknk | jn qbf`qcn kb jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb`

| Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb| >/19>>* kb >> kb fbaqbq`* kb cbklknt rqebm{bt ynqn yq`c`vbq jn {qnmtldlôm nj

bcyjb` bt{najb | jn qbdrnjlfldndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj kb jnt ybqt`mnt kbtbcyjbnknt Qbnj Kbdqb{`#jb|

>;/19>>* kb >6 kb tby{lbcaqb* kb cbklknt d`cyjbcbm{nqlnt bm cn{bqln kb y`jã{ldnt kb bcyjb`* ntã

d`c` jn Bt{qn{beln Btynþ`jn kb Bcyjb` 19>1#19>;* kb 18 kb `d{raqb kb 19>> nyqànkn y`q QK

>2;1/19>> kb 4> kb `d{raqb | bj QK >5<6/19>9 kb 49 kb kldlbcaqb* ~rb kbtnqq`jjn jn Jb| 42/19>9*

kb >5 kb tby{lbcaqb* y`q bj ~rb tb qberjnm jnt nebmdlnt kb d`j`dndlôm-

Bm bj cltc` îcal{` bt{n{nj ybq` bm bj cnqd` kb f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj* jn Jb| @qeîmldn 2/1991* kb

>< kb grml`* kb jnt Drnjlfldndl`mbt | kb jn F`qcndlôm Yq`fbtl`mnj | Jb| 1/1996* kb 4 kb cn|`* kb

Bkrdndlôm* d`m jnt c`klfldndl`mbt lm{q`krdlknt y`q jb| 1/19>> kb ; kb cnqw` kb bd`m`cãn

t`t{bmlajb* jn jb| @qeîmldn ;/19>>* kb >> kb cnqw`* d`cyjbcbm{nqln kb jn Jb| kb Bd`m`cãn

T`t{bmlajb | bj Qbnj kbdqb{` 4<2/1995* kb 14 kb cnqw`* y`q bj ~rb tb qberjn bj tratlt{bcn kb

f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj ynqn bj bcyjb`-

[ncalìm bm kldh` îcal{` bt{n{nj | bm bj cnqd` ny`|` n jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtn7 jn @qkbm Clmlt{bqlnj

kb >2 kb grjl` kb ><<< LB* jn jb| 4</19>9 kb yqbtryrbt{`t ebmbqnjbt kbj Bt{nk` 19>> bm jn ynq{b kb

dnyl{njlwndl`mbt kb yqbt{ndl`mbt* bj Qbnj Kbdqb{` Jbeltjn{lv` >/19>9* kb 1 kb grjl`* y`q bj ~rb tb

nyqrban bj {bx{` qbfrmklk` kb jn Jb| kb T`dlbknkbt kb Dnyl{nj* | jn Jb| 2/19>>* kb 1< kb cnqw`* kb

Bd`m`cãn T`dlnj-




25 z

1-4 D``qklmndlôm lmt{l{rdl`mnj | d`m nebm{bt bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt

Jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb` kbabm nkny{nqtb n jnt dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt | mbdbtlknkbt btybdãfldnt ~rb tb kbqlvnm

kb j`t klfbqbm{bt mlvbjbt kb `qenmlwndlôm {bqql{`qlnj kbj Bt{nk`* lcyrjtnmk` | yq`c`vlbmk` bj kbtnqq`jj` bm

{`k`t j`t {ly`t kb {bqql{`ql` bm j`t ~rb bt{b tb d`mflerqn-

Bj bmf`~rb j`dnj bt rm cnqd` lkômb` ynqn jn kb{bddlôm | bj nyq`vbdhnclbm{` kb mrbvnt y`tlaljlknkbt

yq`krd{lvnt m` bxyj`{nknt {`knvãn* y`q j` ~rb qbtrj{n lcyqbtdlmklajb lcyrjtnq | ebt{l`mnq bm ìj nd{rndl`mbt

~rb {bmenm y`q `agb{` jn dqbndlôm kb bcyjb` | jn nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj-

N j` jnqe` kb j`t ÷j{lc`t nþ`t* jn d`jna`qndlôm bm{qb j`t Tbqvldl`t Y÷ajld`t kb Bcyjb` | jnt Bm{lknkbt J`dnjbt

hn k`{nk` nj Tlt{bcn Mndl`mnj kb Bcyjb` kb rm d`mgrm{` ncyjl` kb bxybqlbmdlnt | arbmnt yqîd{ldnt* ~rb hnm

yrbt{` kb cnmlflbt{` jn mbdbtlknk kb d`m{lmrnq | yq`frmklwnq bm bt{b {qnang` d`mgrm{`-

Jn d``ybqndlôm lmt{l{rdl`mnj bm{qb nkclmlt{qndl`mbt y÷ajldnt bt rm bjbcbm{` lmkltybmtnajb ynqn jn yrbt{n bm

cnqdhn kb cbklknt bfldndbt bm cn{bqln kb y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb`* d`c` {ncalìm j` bt jn klmnclwndlôm

kb bt{nt y`jã{ldnt bm bj îcal{` j`dnj-

Jn yqbtbm{b bt{qn{beln k`{n kb cn|`q fjbxlaljlknk n j`t cnqd`t kb d`jna`qndlôm ~rb yrbkbm bt{najbdbqtb

bm{qb j`t Tbqvldl`t Y÷ajld`t kb Bcyjb` | jnt Bm{lknkbt J`dnjbt* d`m bj flm kb ~rb bt{nt d`jna`qndl`mbt

lcyrjtbm jn klmnclwndlôm | ebt{lôm d`qqbty`mtnajb kb jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt kb bcyjb` bm bj îcal{` j`dnj-

Bm bj îcal{` nr{`môcld`* Jb| `qeîmldn 1/><84* kb 12 kb fbaqbq`* kbj Bt{n{r{` kb nr{`m`cãn kb jnt

Ltjnt Anjbnqbt* kbtyrìt kb jn qbf`qcn bfbd{rnkn y`q jn Jb| `qeîmldn >/1995 kb 18 kb fbaqbq`* ~rb

qbd`m`db d`c` bxdjrtlvnt kb jn d`crmlknk nr{ôm`cn rmn tbqlb kb d`cyb{bmdlnt bm cn{bqln kb

f`cbm{` kbj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld`* lmkrt{qln* d`cbqdl` lm{bql`q b lmvbt{lendlôm b lmm`vndlôm? Jb|

;/19>> kb >6 kb grml` kb cbklknt rqebm{bt NYQN bj lcyrjt` kb jn lmvbqtlôm bm jnt Anjbnqbt? Jb|

>1/19>9 kb >1 kb m`vlbcaqb* kb c`klfldndlôm kb klvbqtnt jb|bt ynqn jn {qnmty`tldlôm n Anjbnqbt kb

jn Klqbd{lvn 1996/>14/DB? Jb| ;/19>>* kb 4> kb cnqw`* kb jn arbmn nkclmlt{qndlôm | kbj arbm

e`albqm` kb jnt Ljjbt Anjbnqt? | flmnjcbm{b bj qbdlbm{b Kbdqb{` jb| 2/19>> kb ny`|` n jnt ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt | n jn cldq`* yb~rbþn | cbklnmn bcyqbtn kb jnt Anjbnqbt* kb jn ~rb kbt{ndn jn

mbdbtnqln d``qklmndlôm kb j`t îcal{`t nr{`môcld`t | j`dnj bm j bjlclmndlôm | qbkrddlôm kb dnqent

nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | jn d``qklmndlôm kb jnt lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt y÷ajldnt bxlt{bm{bt ynqn jn lmdrandlôm | bj

kbtnqq`jj` kb yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt-




z 28

d``qklmndlôm

YnjcnNd{lvn tb n{qlar|b bm trt bt{n{r{`t jnt tlerlbm{bt d`cyb{bmdlnt bm cn{bqln kb7

Bt lcy`q{nm{b kbt{ndnq ~rb {`knt jnt nd{lvlknkbt yrbkb qbnjlwnqjnt klqbd{ncbm{b ` bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m `{q`t

`qenmltc`t y÷ajld`t ` yqlvnk`t-

Bm bt{b ÷j{lc` tbm{lk` | bm drnm{` n jn `ajlenkn d``qklmndlôm lmt{l{rdl`mnj* bm yqlcbq jrenq tb ntberqnqî jn

d`hbqbmdln lm{bqmn | jn rmldlknk kb jnt nd{rndl`mbt crmldlynjbt (d``qklmndlôm vbq{ldnj ,* bt{najbdlbmk` rm

cnqd` kb lm{bqj`drdlôm | ndrbqk` d`m {`knt jnt îqbnt kb e`albqm` kbj n|rm{nclbm{` ~rb* kb rm c`k` r `{q`*

tb vbnm lcyjldnknt bm jn bgbdrdlôm kb j`t yjnm{bt kb lm{bqvbmdlôm kb jn nebmdln* {nm{` bm n~rbjj` ~rb tb

qbflbqb n jn `fbq{n kb lmfqnbt{qrd{rqn kb jn dlrknk* d`c` n jn tberqlknk dlrknknmn* jn yq`c`dlôm btybdãfldn kbj

d`cbqdl` | bj {rqltc` bm ynq{ldrjnq* bj ny`|` n j`t gôvbmbt ` bm drnj~rlbq `{qn îqbn kb nd{rndlôm crmldlynj-

Kbj jnk` kb jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbt ~rb {qnangnm bm bj cltc` îcal{` kb jn nebmdln bm Anjbnqbt* dnab kbt{ndnq bjynybj ~rb bj Kbdqb{` Jb| 2/19>> `{`qen n jn Vldbyqbtlkbmdln Bd`môcldn* kb Yq`c`dlôm Bcyqbtnqlnj | kb

@dryndlôm kbj E`vbqm d`c` qbty`mtnajb kb jn d``qklmndlôm nr{`môcldn kb jnt y`jã{ldnt kb ny`|` n ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt | n jn cldq`* yb~rbþn | cbklnmn bcyqbtn- Bm ynq{ldrjnq* qbtnj{nm jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt |

frmdl`mbt kbj Lmt{l{r{` kb Lmm`vndlôm Bcyqbtnqlnj kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt (LKL,* `qenmltc` y÷ajld` nktdql{` n jn

cbmdl`mnkn Vldbyqbtlkbmdln ~rb {qnangn d`c` Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` Qbel`mnj kb Anjbnqbt- Jn cltlôm kbj LKL

bt lcyrjtnq bj kbtnqq`jj` bcyqbtnqlnj kb jn d`crmlknk d`m dql{bql`t kb t`t{bmlaljlknk | kb qb#b~rljlaql`

{bqql{`qlnj | tbd{`qlnj* lmf`qcnmk` n jnt bcyqbtnt* btybdlnjcbm{b n jnt Y\CB* kb j`t cbkl`t nkbdrnk`t ynqn

cbg`qnq tr ebt{lôm | nrcbm{nq tr d`cyb{l{lvlknk- Ntlcltc`* y`mb n tr njdnmdb bt{`t cbkl`t* y`{bmdlnmk` jn

lmm`vndlôm* bj kltbþ`* jn d`cbqdlnjlwndlôm | jn dnjlknk d`m jn cîxlcn {qnmtynqbmdln* bdrnmlclknk | bfldlbmdln-

yq`c`dlôm | kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj* cbklnm{b bj ntbt`qnclbm{` | bj ny`|` n Y\CB* n

nt`dlndl`mbt | d`mfbkbqndl`mbt bcyqbtnqlnjbt* n yq`c`{`qbt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt kb mrbv`t yq`|bd{`tbcyqbtnqlnjbt?

kbtnqq`jj` kb nd{lvlknkbt f`qcn{lvnt kb f`cbm{` bcyqbtnqlnj | kbj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q | kb

nd{lvlknkbt kb f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj y`q bj bcyjb`?

nd{lvlknkbt kb lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj | nddl`mbt ynqn fnv`qbdbq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj | jn d`m{qn{ndlôm

kb {qnangnk`qbt-




2< z

Tb bm{lbmkb ~rb rmn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kltbþn* bgbdr{n | bvnj÷n {`knt trt nddl`mbt kb ndrbqk` d`m

jn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` Qbel`mnj LKL* d`mt{l{r|ìmk`tb d`c` bj `qenmltc` crmldlynj bgbdr{`q kb jnt y`jã{ldnt

nd{lvnt kbj E`vbqm bm Ynjcn- Ntã* bm jn bjna`qndlôm kb bt{b Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2 tb hn {bmlk` |n bm

drbm{n jn mbdbtnqln d``qklmndlôm d`m bj LKL* lmt{l{rdlôm ~rb hn qbvltnk` yqbvlncbm{b jnt yq`yrbt{nt | d`m jn

~rb {ncalìm tb yqbvì bt{najbdbq cbdnmltc`t kb tberlclbm{` | bvnjrndlôm kb j`t tbqvldl`t | nd{rndl`mbt

yqbt{nknt y`q bt{n nebmdln-

Y`q bmkb* YnjcnNd{lvn tb d``qklmnqî d`m bj d`cl{ì {ìdmld` kbtlemnk` y`q jn Vldbyqbtlkbmdln Bd`môcldn* kb

Yq`c`dlôm Bcyqbtnqlnj | kb @dryndlôm kbj E`vbqm | ynq{ldlynq bm j`t cbdnmltc`t kb d`mtrj{n |

ntbt`qnclbm{` yqbvlt{`t bm bj nq{- 5-4 kb jn cbmdl`mnkn jb| 2/19>> kbj bcyqbmkbk`q-

Bm bj îqbn kb f`qcndlôm ynqn bj bcyqbmklclbm{` | jn f`qcndlôm `dryndl`mnj | tbe÷m kbflmb bj kbdqb{` jb|

2/19>>* bt{b Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2 d`mtlkbqn {ncalìm rm t`dl` yqlc`qklnj n D`mtbjjbqln kb Bkrdndlôm*

Drj{rqn | Rmlvbqtlknkbt kbj E`vbqm Anjbnq* ntã d`c` kb jn Rmlvbqtl{n{ kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt (RLA, | nj Tbqvbl

k“@dryndlô kb jbt Ljjbt Anjbnqt (T@LA,* lmt{l{rdl`mbt d`m jnt ~rb drbm{n {nm{` bm cn{bqln kb kb kltbþ` |

bvnjrndlôm kb jnt nd{rndl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt yqbvlt{nt d`c` kb flmnmdlndlôm ynqn tr bgbdrdlôm-

Flmnjcbm{b* tb yq`c`vbqî jn ynq{ldlyndlôm kb j`t nebm{bt bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt j`dnjbt cît qbjbvnm{bt bm jnt

nd{rndl`mbt kbtdql{nt bm bj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld`* yrbt bt v`jrm{nk bxyjãdl{n kb bt{n nebmdln {qnangnq cnm` n cnm`

d`m bj cîxlc` m÷cbq` kb qbyqbtbm{nm{bt kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj | dlrknknm` ynqn j`eqnq rm kbtnqq`jj` kb jn

dlrknk d`mtbmtrnk`* t`t{bmlajb* lm{beqnk`q | b~rljlaqnk`-




z 69




6> z

YNJCNND[LVN7 NEBMDLN KB KBTNQQ@JJ@ J@DNJ

>-6-

YnjcnNd{lvn 7Nebmdln kbKbtnqq`jj` J`dnj




z 61

4-> Dncal`t qbjbvnm{bt

Bj klnemôt{ld` nm{bql`q hn c`t{qnk`* kb rm jnk`* jn mbdbtlknk kb yq`c`vbq rm cnqd` fnv`qnajb ynqn ~rb tb

kbtnqq`jjbm jnt dnyndlknkbt kb jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt | tb `fqbwdn rm t`y`q{b nkbdrnk` ynqn jn

d`mt`jlkndlôm kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj nd{rnj* d`m rmn n{bmdlôm btybdãfldn n jnt Y\CB d`c` yqlmdlynjbtebmbqnk`qnt kb bcyjb` | nebm{bt kb{bqclmnm{bt ynqn bj dqbdlclbm{` bd`môcld` | jn lmm`vndlôm* tbe÷m

qbd`m`db bj kbdqb{` jb| 2/19>> kb 1< kb ne`t{` kb n|rkn n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt-

Y`q `{q` jnk`* {ncalìm tb hn yrbt{` kb cnmlflbt{` jn rqebmdln kb {qnangnq bm bj nrcbm{` kb jnt drnjlfldndl`mbt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn* ntã d`c` bm tr ngrt{b n jn `fbq{n kb {qnang` bcbqebm{b* btybdlnjcbm{b

bm{qb jn yàjndlôm g`vbm* dr|` mlvbj kb kbtbcyjb` bt cr| bjbvnk`-

Ynqn kbtnqq`jjnq tbqvldl`t | nd{rndl`mbt dnyndbt kb hndbq fqbm{b nkbdrnkncbm{b n bt{`t mrbv`t qb{`t* bt

mbdbtnql` ~rb jn bm{lknk bt{ì yqbynqnkn ynqn ybqdlalq jnt kbcnmknt kbj {bglk` t`dlnj | bcyqbtnqlnj kb jn

dlrknk* ntã d`c` ynqn kbtnqq`jjnq yq`yrbt{nt lmm`vnk`qnt* t`t{bmlajbt b lm{beqnk`qnt-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk`* tb hn {bmlk` bm drbm{n bj lmf`qcb kb nr{`bvnjrndlôm bjna`qnk` bm kldlbcaqb kb 1996 kbm{q`

kbj yq`dbt` kb lcyjnm{ndlôm kbj c`kbj` kb dnjlknk BF^C bm jn bm{lknk- Bj lmf`qcb tbþnjnan jn d`mvbmlbmdln

kb nyjldnq klvbqtnt cbklknt kb cbg`qn* bm{qb jnt ~rb kbt{ndnan jn djnqlfldndlôm kb j`t àgb{lv`t djnvb kb jn

bm{lknk* kb trt tbecbm{`t kb djlbm{bt | kb jnt mbdbtlknkbt | bxybd{n{lvnt kb ìt{`t* jn qbkbflmldlôm kb j`t

yq`dbt`t djnvb nt`dlnk`t ynqn kbtnqq`jjnq j`t tbqvldl`t d`qqbty`mklbm{bt* | rm tlt{bcn d`hbqbm{b kb cbklkn*

qbvltlôm | cbg`qn tlt{bcî{ldn- Tlm bcanqe`* bt{b lmf`qcb ~rbkô bm trtybmt` bm j`t nþ`t y`t{bql`qbt | m` tb

nvnmwô bm kldhnt yq`yrbt{nt* nanmk`mîmk`tb bj c`kbj` kb {qnang` kb BF^C ynqn nyjldnq rmn y`jã{ldn

d`m{lmrlt{n n jn bm{lknk-

Bm d`mdjrtlôm* ynqn ngrt{nqtb cbg`q n j`t qb{`t kbj crmldlyl` bm cn{bqln kb kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj | bm qbtyrbt{n n

jnt mbdbtlknkbt kb dncal` qbd`m`dlknt lm{bqmncbm{b* bj `qenmltc` hn kbdlklk` lmd`qy`qnq lcy`q{nm{bt

dncal`t bm bj tbm` kb tr `qenmlwndlôm ~rb nfbd{nm {nm{` n trt bt{n{r{`t d`c` n tr y÷ajld` djlbm{b* vnj`qbt

frmkndl`mnjbt* àgb{lv`t bt{qn{ìeld`t* tbqvldl`t b lmt{njndl`mbt* dnyl{nj hrcnm`* tlt{bcn kb bvnjrndlôm |

tlt{bcn kb flmnmdlndlôm7

>- Bm drnm{` n trt bt{n{r{`t* dncaln rm ntybd{` cr| lcy`q{nm{b* tb jb kn jn klcbmtlôm kb –Nebmdln kb

Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj– (NKJ,* rm tbqvldl` frmdl`mnj `fqbdlk` bm Btynþn y`q jnt `qenmlwndl`mbt | bm{bt j`dnjbt*

kbkldnknt frmkncbm{njcbm{b n jnt {nqbnt kb lm{bqcbklndlôm | kb yq`c`dlôm | ny`|` nj kbtnqq`jj`

bd`môcld`* n {qnvìt kb nddl`mbt kb klnemôt{ld`* nmlcndlôm bcyqbtnqlnj* f`qcrjndlôm kb yq`|bd{`t kb

lmvbqtlôm* klfrtlôm {bdm`jôeldn* d`cbqdlnjlwndlôm* flmnmdlndlôm | kbtnqq`jj` kb qbdrqt`t hrcnm`t* ntã

d`c` n jn dnmnjlwndlôm | ebt{lôm kb jn lmf`qcndlôm tàqb nd{lvlknkbt yq`krd{lvnt* mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt |

t`dlbknk kb jn lmf`qcndlôm* cbqdnk`t bcbqebm{bt* `y`q{rmlknkbt kb d`cbqdlnjlwndlôm | mrbv`t

|ndlclbm{`t kb bcyjb`-




64 z

J` ~rb tb d`mdqb{n bm drn{q` eqnmkbt frmdl`mbt kbj kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj7

1- Bt{b mrbv` bmf`~rb jjbvn lcyjãdl{` bj mbdbtnql` dncal` kb m`caqb* YnjcnNd{lvn* rmn kbm`clmndlôm ~rb

d`m{lbmb rm tbjj` kb lkbm{lknk d`c÷m d`m `{qnt Nebmdlnt kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj {nm{` bt{n{njbt d`c`

bx{qnmgbqnt7 Cnkqlk Bcyqbmkb* Anqdbj`mn Nd{lvn* Eb{nfb Lmldln{lvnt* Wnqne`wn Bcyqbmkb* J`mk@m… | ~rb

qbty`mkbm n bt{n lkbn kb ny`|` nj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj-

4- Bm j` qbfbqbm{b n tr y÷ajld`* yntn kb rmn `qlbm{ndlôm ntlt{bmdlnj n rm bmf`~rb yqlc`qklnj kb yq`c`dlôm

bcyqbtnqlnj* tlm ybqkbq tr btyãql{r lm{beqnk`q- Tb bm{lbmkb ~rb bj y÷ajld` yqlmdlynj kb jnt nddl`mbt t`m jnt

ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt | jnt Y\CB* ntã d`c` jnt ybqt`mnt kbt`drynknt |* bm{qb bjjnt* btybdlnjcbm{b

j`t gôvbmbt- Bm drnm{` nfbd{n n jn ebt{lôm kb jnt y`jã{ldnt kb ny`|` | yq`c`dlôm kb j`t d`jbd{lv`t cît

vrjmbqnajbt* tb dbkb yq`{ne`mltc` nj Îqbn crmldlynj kb Albmbt{nq T`dlnj* Lmcleqndlôm | Ynq{ldlyndlôm

Dlrknknmn* ~rb klty`mb kb yq`eqncnt kb ny`|` nj bfbd{`-

;- Qbtybd{` n tr flj`t`fãn | vnj`qbt* yntn kb rmn `qlbm{ndlôm bmkôebmn | rmn vltlôm frmdl`mnj n rmn

`qlbm{ndlôm nj djlbm{b | rm bmf`~rb klqlelk` n j`t qbtrj{nk`t-

2- Bm j` ~rb d`mdlbqmb n trt `agb{lv`t bt{qn{ìeld`t* tb kn rm cn|`q yq`{ne`mltc` n jn yq`c`dlôm

bd`môcldn | jn klmnclwndlôm d`cbqdlnj d`c` ntybd{`t yqlc`qklnjbt ynqn bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj*

grm{` nj ntbt`qnclbm{` | ny`|` n bcyqbmkbk`qbt kb mrbv`t yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt* n jnt Y\CB*

nt`dlndl`mbt | d`mfbkbqndl`mbt bcyqbtnqlnjbt | n yq`c`{`qbt* d`c` yqlmdlynj fnd{`q kb qbnd{lvndlôm

bd`môcldn | ebmbqndlôm kb `dryndlôm bm bj crmldlyl`- Nkbcît* tb ~rlbqb lmdbm{lvnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj

| y`{bmdlnq jn bcyjbnaljlknk cbg`qnmk` b lcyjbcbm{nmk` j`t tbqvldl`t kb lm{bqcbklndlôm* `qlbm{ndlôm |f`qcndlôm y`q bj bcyjb` `fqbdlk`t n jn dlrknknmãn-

f`cbm{nq | ny`|nq mrbvnt lmldln{lvnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt*

yq`c`vbq | cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{bmdln kb jnt bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt*

cbg`qnq jn {qnmtynqbmdln kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj | jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb bcyjb`*

dny{nq | fndljl{nq jnt vãnt kb r{ljlwndlôm kb jnt y`{bmdlnjlknkbt j`dnjbt-




z 6;

6- Y`q j` ~rb tb qbflbqb n trt tbqvldl`t b lmt{njndl`mbt* tb crbvb kb rmn klt{qlardlôm n{`clwnkn kb jnt

klfbqbm{bt `fldlmnt | dbm{q`t kb {qnang` ~rb hnm klfldrj{nk` jn dqbndlôm kb rmn lcnebm frmdl`mnj tôjlkn |

rmlfldnkn t`aqb j`t tbqvldl`t ~rb `fqbdãn jn bm{lknk n jn dlrknknmãn bm ebmbqnj* n jn dbm{qnjlwndlôm kb j`t

tbqvldl`t bm bj anqql` kb Tn Ebqqbqln* `y{lclwnmk` ntã trt qbdrqt`t | nrcbm{nmk` jn qbm{naljlknk kb tr

ebt{lôm-

Bj Drnq{bj kb Lm{bmkbmdln (>,* bj Dbm{q kb F`qcndlôm ‚Tn Ebqqbqln– (1, | bj Dbm{q Bcyqbtnqlnj (bm ncnqljj , kbt{lmnk` n vlvbq` kbbcyqbtnt* d`mf`qcnm jn mrbvn bm{lknk kb YnjcnNd{lvn-

5- Bm qbfbqbmdln n trt qbdrqt`t hrcnm`t* qbngrt{n tr klcbmtlôm n mrbvnt y`tlaljlknkbt kb flmnmdlndlôm | n

trt mrbv`t tbqvldl`t* `qlbm{nmk` trt btfrbqw`t n jn yq`fbtl`mnjlwndlôm | f`qcndlôm d`m{lmrn kb tr dnyl{nj

hrcnm`-

8- Bm j` ~rb d`mdlbqmb n tr tlt{bcn kb flmnmdlndlôm* kb rmn flmnmdlndlôm >99" y÷ajldn* n jn `a{bmdlôm kb

lmeqbt`t yq`yl`t | n rmn v`jrm{nk kb cn|`q d``ybqndlôm y÷ajld`#yqlvnkn* ~rb k`{b n jn bm{lknk kb rmn

cn|`q y`{bmdln | nrcbm{b nj {lbcy` tr lmkbybmkbmdln bd`môcldn-

<- Bm drnm{` n jn `qenmlwndlôm lm{bqmn* kbj frmdl`mnclbm{` bt{nmd` y`q îqbnt ~rb hnm {qnangnk` kb cnmbqn

lmkbybmklbm{b | nybmnt hnm nyq`vbdhnk` jnt tlmbqelnt bm{qb bjjnt ynqn nrcbm{nq jn yq`krd{lvlknk kbj

`qenmltc` nr{ôm`c`* n rmn bv`jrdlôm ynrjn{lmn hndln bj {qnang` y`q yq`dbt`t* bm jn jãmbn kb

lcyjnm{ndlôm kbj BF^C* rm c`kbj` brq`yb` kb Bxdbjbmdln Bcyqbtnqlnj ~rb m`t ybqcl{lqî jn

nr{`bvnjrndlôm bm jn ebt{lôm | bm jn dnjlknk kb j`t tbqvldl`t* qbvltnmk` bj bmf`~rb | tr kbtyjlberb

qberjnqcbm{b | tbqvlqî ynqn lkbm{lfldnq* yql`qlwnq* yjnmlfldnq | y`mbq bm yqîd{ldn cbg`qnt d`m{qnt{nk` d`m

jnt bxybd{n{lvnt kb j`t djlbm{bt-




62 z

VLTLÔM

Tbq qbd`m`dlkn d`c` jn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn d`m tbqvldl`t yqôxlc`t

n jn dlrknknmãn dbm{qnk`t bm trt mbdbtlknkbt* bgb kb ny`|` ynqn jn d``ybqndlôm d`m j`t nebm{bt

bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt* d`m rm c`kbj` kb ebt{lôm bfldlbm{b b lmm`vnk`q | d`m yq`fbtl`mnjbt lcyjldnk`t*

d`m{qlar|bmk` ntã n ~rb Ynjcn tbn rmn dlrknk bcyqbmkbk`qn* yq`fbtl`mnjlwnkn b lmm`vnk`qn-

D@CYQ@CLT@T

>- @qlbm{ndlôm nj dlrknknm` | bmf`~rb n qbtrj{nk`t-

1- D``qklmndlôm | d``ybqndlôm d`m jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbt | d`m j`t nebm{bt bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt

4- Lmm`vndlôm | kbtnqq`jj` d`m{lmr`-

;- @y{lclwndlôm kb jn ebt{lôm* kb j`t qbdrqt`t | kb j`t tbqvldl`t-

2- Fjbxlaljlknk | klmncltc`

6- [qnmtynqbmdln | d`crmldndlôm-

5- Nybq{rqn n Brq`yn-

4-1 Cltlôm* vltlôm | d`cyq`clt`t

Ntã* jn bm{lknk tb hn qbkbflmlk` d`m bt{n cltlôm* vltlôm | d`cyq`clt`t7

CLTLÔM

T`c`t jn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn ~rb lcyrjtn bj dqbdlclbm{`

bd`môcld` t`t{bmlajb b lm{beqnk`q kb jn dlrknk* f`cbm{nmk` jn dqbndlôm | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt*

jn dnyndl{ndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj | bj bcyjb` kb dnjlknk kbtkb jn d``ybqndlôm y÷ajld`#yqlvnkn | jn yq`xlclknk

n jn dlrknknmãn-




z 66

4-4 Bt{qrd{rqn bcyqbtnqlnj

J`t yqlmdlynjbt tbqvldl`t ~rb tb `fqbdbqîm n jn dlrknknmãn t`m j`t tlerlbm{bt7

Bm drnm{` nj `qenmleqncn* d`c` tb yrbkb nyqbdlnq* jnt îqbnt kb D`cbqdl` | [qnang` t`m jnt ~rb d`mf`qcnm jn

mrbvn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj* YnjcnNd{lvn- Bm bt{n mrbvn b{nyn tb ~rlbqb kbt{ndnq t`aqb{`k` jn

{qnmtvbqtnjlknk bxlt{bm{b bm{qb {`knt jnt nd{rndl`mbt ~rb tb jjbvnqîm n dna`-

@QENMLEQNCN

CNYN KB TBQVLDL@T KBT[NDNK@T




65 z

Qbtybd{` nj ybqt`mnj d`m{qn{nk`* YnjcnNd{lvn drbm{n d`m <4 {qnangnk`qbt | {qnangnk`qnt* kb j`t drnjbt* hn|

5< vlmdrjnk`t n yq`|bd{`t kbj Îqbn Kbjbenkn kb D`cbqdl`* [qnang` | Grvbm{rk | >; vlmdrjnk`t n yq`|bd{`t kbj

Îqbn kb Albmbt{nq T`dlnj* Lmcleqndlôm | Ynq{ldlyndlôm Dlrknknmn- Bj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` kb YnjcnNd{lvn tb hn

kbtnqq`jjnk` {bmlbmk` bm drbm{n j`t yqlcbq`t-

YBQT@MNJ




z 68




6< z

Kbtyjlberbkbj yjnm




z 59

;-> Yqlmdlyl t | vltlôm bt{qn{ìeldn

Y`q rm jnk`* tb hn vlt{` ~rb jn Bt{qn{beln Brq`yn 1919 kbflmb djnqncbm{b j`t àgb{lv`t | cbklknt bm j`t ~rb tb

btybqn {qnangbm j`t ynãtbt clbcaq`t bm d``ybqndlôm d`m jnt nr{`qlknkbt mndl`mnjbt* qbel`mnjbt | j`dnjbt- Tb

kbtbn njdnmwnq rm dqbdlclbm{` lm{bjlebm{b* t`t{bmlajb b lm{beqnk`q n {qnvìt kb cbklknt kb ny`|` n jn dqbndlômkb bcyqbtnt* btybdlnjcbm{b n jnt Y\CB? kb qbfrbqw` kb jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kbj tbd{`q {rqãt{ld` brq`yb`? kb

f`cbm{` kb jnt MM[[ | jn lmm`vndlôm? kb yq`c`dlôm kb jn c`vljlknk jna`qnj lm{bqmn? kb cbg`qn kb j`t

tlt{bcnt bkrdn{lv`t? | kb f`cbm{` kb jn d``ybqndlôm bm{qb rmlvbqtlknk* lmvbt{lendlôm | bcyqbtn* bm{qb `{qnt

cbklknt bm bj îcal{` kb jn bcyqbtn | bj bcyjb`-

N mlvbj mndl`mnj {nm{` bj YMQ 19>>24 d`c` bj Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk 19>>#19>;2; tb bt{qrd{rqnm bm bt{b

tbm{lk`* btybqîmk`tb kb hbdh` ~rb bj Eàlbqm` kbflmn bm aqbvb cît cbklknt bm bt{n cltcn klqbddlôm ~rb

nfbd{nqnm {nm{` n jn qbf`qcn kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj d`c` n jn qberjndlôm kb jn d`cyb{bmdln yq`fbtl`mnj | n jnt

dnqent nkclmlt{qn{lvnt ~rb t`y`q{nm jnt bcyqbtnt-

Bm Anjbnqbt* bj Kbdqb{` jb| 2/19>> kb ny`|` n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt | n jn cldq`* yb~rbþn | cbklnmn bcyqbtn

kb jnt Anjbnqbt naqb |n rmn yrbq{n nj fr{rq` kbtnqq`jj` kb bt{b {ly` kb cbklknt bt{najbdlbmk` rm cnqd`

24

Yqèqncn Mndl mnj kb Qbf`qcnt 19>>* nyqànk` bj 1< kb naqlj kb 19>>-

2; Yqèqncn kb Bt{naljlknk Btynþn 19>>#19>;* nyqànk` bj 1< kb naqlj kb 19>>-




5> z

fnv`qnajb ynqn jn dqbndlôm | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt | tlca`jlwn bj qbd`m`dlclbm{` kbj ynybj djnvb ~rb

j`t nr{ôm`c`t | jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt {lbmbm bm jn ebmbqndlôm kb ql~rbwn | kb bcyjb` ynqn jnt ltjnt-

Jnt jãmbnt kb nddlôm t`m {qbt7 f`cbm{nq | y`{bmdlnq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q | jn dny{ndlôm kb {njbm{`* qbkrdlq

yqèqbtlvncbm{b jnt dnqent nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | d``qklmnq y`jã{ldnt | tbqvldl`t kb ny`|` nj bcyqbmkbk`q-

Nkbcît* bm bj nmîjltlt bxyrbt{` nm{bql`qcbm{b kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj | jn nd{lvlknk jna`qnj* {nm{` anjbnq d`c`

kb Ynjcn* tb hn vlt{` dôc` bt mbdbtnql` qbjnmwnq bj tratbd{`q {rqãt{ld`* dr|n d`cyb{bmdln kbybmkb nh`qn kb

j`t yqbdl`t? ntã d`c` bj d`cbqdl`* nd{lvlknk yqbk`clmnm{b bm jn dnyl{nj* bm ynq{ldrjnq jnt cldq`bcyqbtnt* d`m

jlcl{nk`t qbdrqt`t {nm{` hrcnm`t d`c` cn{bqlnjbt* | ~rb kbybmkb btybdlnjcbm{b kb jn bv`jrdlôm kbj

nm{bql`q tratbd{`q- Bt{nt bcyqbtnt nkbcît drbm{nm d`m rm rt` jlcl{nk` kb jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt | rm eqnk`

qbkrdlk` kb lmm`vndlôm* fnd{`qbt nca`t ~rb mbdbtl{nm tbq lcyrjtnk`t y`q jn nkclmlt{qndlôm-

Ynqn knq t`jrdlôm n bt{nt kltfrmdl`mbt kbj cbqdnk` | yq`c`vbq bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj kbtkb rmn

ybqtybd{lvn bd`môcldn* bt lcy`q{nm{b t`t{bmbqtb bm {qbt yljnqbt kb nd{rndlôm227

Y`q `{q` jnk`* d`c` hn kbc`t{qnk` bj klnem`t{ld` nm{bql`q* bt mbdbtnql` f`q{njbdbq jnt drnjlfldndl`mbt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn ynjcbtnmn* ntã d`c` {qnangnq bm tr ngrt{b n jn `fbq{n kb {qnang`

bcbqebm{b* btybdlnjcbm{b bm{qb jn yàjndlôm g`vbm* dr|` mlvbj kb kbtbcyjb` bt cr| bjbvnk`-

Y`q ÷j{lc`* bj Yqèqncn kb Eàlbqm` ynqn bj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn 19>>#19>2* yqbtbm{nk` y`q tr njdnjkb*

Cn{br Ltbqm* |n qbdèb crdhnt kb jnt {bmkbmdlnt tbþnjnknt hnt{n bj c`cbm{` | yqbtbm{n j`t d`cyq`clt`tnk~rlqlk`t d`m jn dlrknknmãn n mlvbj crmldlynj- Bm bt{b tbm{lk`* YnjcnNd{lvn kbabqî y`mbq bm cnqdhn {`knt

n~rbjjnt yq`yrbt{nt kbj Îqbn Kbjbenkn kb D`cbqdl`* [qnang` | Grvbm{rk qbjndl`mnknt d`m jn yq`c`dlôm

bd`môcldn* bj bcyqbmklclbm{`* jn `dryndlôm | jn f`qcndlôm* ~rb tb kb{njjnm bm bj Nmbx` | ~rb d`cyjb{nm bj

cnqd` kb nd{rndlôm kbtkb bj ~rb tb jjbvnqî n dna` bj Yjnm-

22Lmldln{lvn D`crml{nqln RQA#NJ LLL Tnm G`tì* D`t{n Qldn ;#5 kb cn|`* 199<-

Bcyqbmklclbm{`* bm{bmklk` d`c` bj dqbdlclbm{` kb jn dnyndlknk bcyqbtnqlnj | `qenmlwn{lvn kbj

tlt{bcn j`dnj

Bt{qn{beln ry#eqnklme kb jnt bcyqbtnt* f`cbm{nmk` bj nrcbm{` kb jn dnyndlknk bt{qn{ìeldn bcyqbtnqlnj

| tr yq`krd{lvlknk* n {qnvìt jn yq`krddlôm kb dnjlknk | jn lm{q`krddlôm kb jn lmm`vndlôm

Kbtnqq`jj` lm{beqnk` b lm{bqqbjndl`mbt yq`krd{lvnt* bt kbdlq* lm{beqndlôm bd`môcldn n mlvbj {bqql{`qlnj-




z 51 yqlmdlyl`t

Bm qbtrcbm* tb ntrcbm d`c` yqlmdlyl`t ~rb hnm erlnk` jn bjna`qndlôm kbj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` kb YnjcnNd{lvn*

jn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn* nj {lbcy` ~rb jb knm tbm{lk` | tlemlfldnk` d`c`

kbdjnqndlôm kb lm{bmdl`mbt* j`t tlerlbm{bt7

Bj nr{`bcyjb` | jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt d`c` ebmbqnk`qbt kb mrbv`t yrbt{`t kb

{qnang` | kbtnqq`jj` kb jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj tbqî mrbt{q` yqlmdlynj `agb{lv`- Y`mbq bm

vnj`q jn flerqn kbj bcyqbmkbk`q bm{qb j`t cît gôvbmbt | rmlvbqtl{nql`t/nt* fndljl{nq j`t

{qîcl{bt* `fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{` | qbdrqt`t* ny`t{nq y`q jn dnjlknk* jn lmm`vndlôm | j`t

tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt b lcyrjtnq bj Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt d`c` dj÷t{bq kb bd`m`cãn

dqbn{lvn tbqîm jnt jãmbnt bt{qn{ìeldnt ~rb klqlelqîm bj f`cbm{` | ny`|` n mrbvnt

lmldln{lvnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt ~rb ebmbqbm ql~rbwn | klmncldbm bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj j`dnj-

>-

F`cbm{` kbj bcyjb`* bt{najb | kb dnjlknk* d`c` cbdnmltc` kb lmdjrtlôm | kbtnqq`jj`

ytld`t`dlnj* qbdrqt` ynqn bj nyqbmklwngb | dqbdlclbm{` yq`fbtl`mnj* cbkl` kb

nr{`m`cãn | nr{`qqbnjlwndlôm kb jnt ybqt`mnt* bjbcbm{` kb ynq{ldlyndlôm bm jndqbndlôm kb ql~rbwn* tbqî bj `agb{lv` ÷j{lc` ~rb m` kbabc`t ybqkbq kb vlt{n bm

mlmermn kb jnt lm{bqvbmdl`mbt ~rb tb nd`cb{nm-

1-




54 z

Tb {qnangnqî kbm{q` kb j`t ynqîcb{q`t kb lmm`vndlôm* d`mtlkbqnkn ìt{n kbtkb tr cît

ncyjln klcbmtlôm- D`c` c`kbj` kb {qnang` dqbn{lv` | ybmtnclbm{` klvbqebm{b ynqn

jn trybqndlôm kb qb{`t | klfldrj{nkbt* {nm{` bm bj yjnm{bnclbm{` kb àgb{lv`t

m`vbk`t`t* d`c` bm bj kltbþ` kb yq`dbt`t* jn r{ljlwndlôm kb hbqqnclbm{nt ` jn

à{bmdlôm kb yq`krd{`t lmm`vnk`qbt* cbklnm{b j`t ~rb d`mtberlq mrbvnt t`jrdl`mbt

ynqn rm d`cyjbg` | tlbcyqb dncalnm{b bm{`qm` t`dlnj- Jn f`qcndlôm bm Mrbvnt

[bdm`jèãnt | bj rt` | nyjldndlôm kb jnt [bdm`jèãnt kb jn Lmf`qcndlôm | jnD`crmldndlôm tb d`mvlbq{bm bm bt{qn{beln | àgb{lv`- Bm bt{n jãmbn tb lcyrjtnqîm

cbklknt ~rb f`cbm{bm jn dnjlknk bm jn ebt{lôm* {nm{` lm{bqmnt d`c` ynqn jnt

bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt* ~rb ybqcl{nm yq`c`vbq | cbg`qnq tr d`cyb{l{lvlknk-

4-

Jn jna`q kb f`qcndlôm | drnjlfldndlôm* {nm{` ynqn ybqt`mnt {qnangnk`qnt* `drynknt `

m`* d`c` ynqn bcyqbtnt ` ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt tb yqèqncnqî tlbcyqb d`m bj

yq`yôtl{` lqqbmrmdlnajb kb fnv`qbdbq jn nkny{ndlôm n j`t bm{`qm`t ybqcnmbm{bcbm{b

dncalnm{bt* bt{nmk` n{bm{`t n drîjbt t`m bt{`t dncal`t* ~rì d`cyb{bmdlnt qbdjncnm

| nm{ldlynq* bm jn cbklkn kb j` y`tlajb* jn `fbq{n kb tbqvldl` n jn mbdbtlknk*

fjbxlaljlwnmk` yjnmbt | yqèqncnt* {bmkbm{bt n jn à{bmdlôm kb dbq{lfldnk`t kb

yq`fbtl`mnjlknk* ynqn knq dnalkn n j`t mrbv`t d`m`dlclbm{`t kbcnmknk`t-

;-




z 5;

Jnt ybqt`mnt t`m jn yql`qlknk | tr dqbdlclbm{` ybqt`mnj b lm{beqndlôm t`dl`jna`qnj bj

fnd{`q ~rb d`mkldl`mn | klqleb {`knt | dnkn rmn kb jn nd{rndl`mbt- Tb `{`qen jn cltcn

lcy`q{nmdln | d`mtlkbqndlôm n {`knt jnt ybqt`mnt* bm {ìqclm`t kb lernjknk* ybq` tb

{qnangn kbtkb jn lmklvlkrnjlknk* {`cnmk` bm d`mtlkbqndlôm jn lkl`tlmdqntln kb dnkn

rmn-

2-

Yjnmlfldndlôm | bmf`~rb bt{qn{ìeld` d`c` cb{`k`j`eãn ebmbqnj ynqn bj kltbþ` |kbtnqq`jj` kb {`k`t j`t yq`|bd{`t* enqnm{lwnmk` d`m bjj` jn d``qklmndlôm* jn nrtbmdln

kb lcyq`vltndlôm* jn yqbvltlôm kb qbtrj{nk`t* bj d`m`dlclbm{` kb j`t ynt`t ~rb kbabm

tberlqtb* jn y`tlaljlknk kb qb{q`njlcbm{ndlôm | ngrt{b* ntã d`c` jn frmkncbm{ndlôm bm

hbdh`t bcyãqld`t kb {`k`t j`t yq`eqncnt ~rb tb bcyqbmknm-

6-

Lcyrjtnq lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt kbt{lmnknt n Vlvbq`t kb bcyqbtnt d`mt{l{r|b rm` kb j`t

tãca`j`t cît m`{`ql`t kbj ny`|` n jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt kbtkb bj cltc` lmldl`

kb tr nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj- Mrbt{q` Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt* dj÷t{bq kb bd`m`cãn

dqbn{lvn | bj lmdlylbm{b btyndl` D`#U`qolme* qbyqbtbm{nm j`t yqlcbq`t ynt`t hndln rmn

nyrbt{n fr{rqn kb dqbdlclbm{` | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb lkbnt kb mbe`dl` bcaql`mnqlnt-

5-




52 z

Bm bj kltbþ` kb l{lmbqnql`t lmklvlkrnjlwnk`t bt{î jn btbmdln kb rmn arbmn `qlbm{ndlôm

jna`qnj | v`dndl`mnj ~rb fndljl{b jn lmd`qy`qndlôm kb jn ybqt`mn bm bj cbqdnk` kb

{qnang` ` jb n|rkb n bjbelq rm qrca` yq`fbtl`mnj- Nrmnmk` j`t lm{bqbtbt ybqt`mnjbt*

jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt | kbt{qbwnt n jnt bxlebmdlnt kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj* tb yqbt{nqî btybdlnj

n{bmdlôm n jn flkbjlwndlôm kbj rtrnql`/n ynqn hndbq y`tlajb tr nd`cynþnclbm{`

krqnm{b {`k` bj yq`dbt` kb a÷t~rbkn |/` cbg`qn kb bcyjb` | d`mtberlq tr

lmd`qy`qndlôm yjbmn | bt{najb nj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`-

8-

Ny`|` nj d`cbqdl` | tbd{`q tbqvldl`t* y`q tbq jn nd{lvlknk yqbk`clmnm{b bm jn dnyl{nj |

d`m mbdbtlknk kb nddl`mbt btybdãfldnt kb lm{bqvbmdlôm* klqlelknt yqlmdlynjcbm{b n

cbg`qnq jn dnjlknk kbj tbqvldl`* d`mt`jlknq bj mbe`dl` | y`{bmdlnq jn lmm`vndlôm | bj rt`

kb jnt mrbvnt {bdm`j`eãnt-

<-

Jn dqbn{lvlknk | jn yq`krddlôm kb cît | cbg`qbt yq`yrbt{nt ynqn yq`|bd{`t

bcyqbtnqlnjbt tbqîm jnt k`t eqnmkbt yqbcltnt ~rb erlnqîm mrbt{q` {qnang`- Bm bt{b

tbm{lk`* jn yq`jlfbqndlôm kb lkbnt kbab tbq dnmnjlwnkn n {qnvìt kb klfbqbm{bt vãnt ynqn

~rb yrbknm bmd`m{qnq rmn y`tlajb d`mbxlôm d`m jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt y`{bmdlnknt `

trqelknt bm bj îcal{` j`dnj- D`m jn dqbndlôm kb rmn a`jtn kb lkbnt ` jn qbnjlwndlôm kb

d`mdrqt`t ~rb ybqcl{nm bj lm{bqdncal` kb lkbnt | f`cbm{bm jn dqbn{lvlknk* ìt{nt

{bmkbqîm n ebmbqnq bfbd{`t crj{lyjldnk`qbt bm{qb klfbqbm{bt lmldln{lvnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt-

>9-




z 56

N{qnddlôm kb lmvbqtl`mbt yqlvnknt ynqn yq`yldlnq jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb j`t tbd{`qbt

yq`krd{lv`t kb jn dlrknk | bt{lcrjnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb jnt bcyqbtnt | bj d`cbqdl`-

Ynqn bjj`* lmdlklqbc`t bm ebmbqnq jnt d`mkldl`mbt mbdbtnqlnt ~rb n|rkbm n cbg`qnq jn

lcnebm ybqdlalkn kb mrbt{qn dlrknk | y`{bmdlnqjn hndlìmk`jn cît n{qnd{lvn |

d`cyb{l{lvn n j`t `g`t kb j`t lmvbqt`qbt-

>>-

F`qcndlôm bm d`cyb{bmdlnt | kbt{qbwnt ynqn jn yàjndlôm nd{lvn d`c` enqnm{b kb

~rb tb ngrt{bm n jnt mbdbtlknkbt bfbd{lvncbm{b klnem`t{ldnknt bm j`t/jnt y`tlajbt

dnmklkn{`t/nt n yrbt{`t d`mdqb{`t kb {qnang` ` nj kbtbcybþ` kb frmdl`mbt ~rb hn|nm

tlk` kb{bqclmnknt kb cnmbqn btybdãfldn y`q j`t yqlmdlynjbt nebm{bt kb d`m{qn{ndlôm-

>1-

Jn grvbm{rk* mrbt{q` d`cyq`clt`* m` tôj` y`q tbq rm d`jbd{lv` cr| vrjmbqnajb n jn

dqltlt bd`môcldn | trt bfbd{`t* tlm` y`q tbq bj fr{rq` tàqb bj ~rb bt{najbdbq bj

kbtnqq`jj` kb jn dlrknk- Lmdrjdnq bm j`t cît gôvbmbt bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q* bt{lcrjnq

tr dqbn{lvlknk | dnyndl{ndlôm d`m yqèqncnt kb yqîd{ldnt bm bcyqbtnt ` bj f`cbm{` kb

jn c`vljlknk jna`qnj kb lm{bqdncal`t | abdnt bm `{q`t ynãtbt* t`m njerm`t kb mrbt{q`t

àgb{lv`t yql`ql{nql`t-

>4-




55 z

Yrbt{n bm vnj`q kbj {njbm{` j`dnj* lkbm{lfldnmk`* dny{nmk` | bt{lcrjnmk` jnt

y`{bmdlnjlknkbt bmkôebmnt kb jn dlrknk | tr dnyl{nj hrcnm` ynqn lm{bqd`mbd{nqjnt d`m

j`t tbd{`qbt yq`krd{lv`t | bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj- ^rb mlmermn y`{bmdlnjlknk ~rbkb

`drj{n | ~rb {`k` bj {njbm{` bcbqgn ynqn ~rb yrbkn tbq nyq`vbdhnk` | qbybqdr{n

klqbd{n ` lmklqbd{ncbm{b bm jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj-

>;-

Lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj* d`c` qb~rltl{` frmkncbm{nj ynqn nkbdrnq jn `fbq{n n jn

kbcnmkn* n {qnvìt kb rmn nebmdln kb d`j`dndlôm yq`fbtl`mnjlwnkn | bmf`dnkn n dqbnq

yrm{`t kb bmdrbm{q` bm{qb jn qbnjlknk kb j`t {qnangnk`qbt m` `drynk`t | jnt

mbdbtlknkbt kb jnt bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt | cbg`qnq jn {qnmtynqbmdln kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj |

jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb bcyjb`-

>2-

Klmnclwndlôm d`cbqdlnj ynqn qbnd{lvnq bj d`mtrc`* cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kbj

d`cbqdl` j`dnj | tbm{nq jnt antbt ynqn dqbnq rm {bglk` d`cbqdlnj d`hbtl`mnk` |

d`mt`jlknk`-

>6-




z 58

Lkbm{lfldndlôm | ebt{lôm kb jn lmf`qcndlôm tàqb tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt* d`c`

ebmbqnk`qbt kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn* hndlbmk` btybdlnj lmdlkbmdln bm j`t tbd{`qbt

bt{qn{ìeld`t ynqn jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj | mrbt{q` {bglk` yq`krd{lv`* jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb

d`cbqdlnjlwndlôm | j`t mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t kb bcyjb`-

>5-

Yqîd{ldnt bm bcyqbtnt d`c` cbkl` ynqn cbg`qnq jn bcyjbnaljlknk* btybdlnjcbm{b kb

j`t gôvbmbt- Tb {qn{n kb ny`|nq trt yqlcbq`t ynt`t bm bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj* lmdlklbmk`

bm bj nyqbmklwngb | bj tberlclbm{`-

>8-

[qnmtfbqbmdln kb d`m`dlclbm{`t* {nm{` vbq{ldnj d`c` h`qlw`m{nj* qbnjlwnmk`

lm{bqdncal`t kb omù#hù bm{qb lmt{l{rdl`mbt ynqn rmn cbg`q ebt{lôm y÷ajldn |

bt{najbdlbmk` rm fjrg` d`mt{nm{b kb lmf`qcndlôm ynqn mrbt{q`t rtrnql`t* lkbm{lfldnmk`*

ebt{l`mnmk` | y`mlbmk` n tr klty`tldlôm j`t d`m`dlclbm{`t mbdbtnql`t | ~rb

d`cyjbcbm{bm nkbdrnkncbm{b mrbt{q`t tbqvldl`t-

><-




5< z

Yq`c`dlôm bd`môcldn* d`c` dnyndlknk ynqn kbtnqq`jjnq* n{qnbq | qb{bmbq yq`|bd{`t*

{njbm{` | bcyqbtnt cbklnm{b bj f`cbm{` kb nd{lvlknkbt bd`môcldnt ~rb ebmbqbm

ql~rbwn | bcyjb` bm bj îcal{` j`dnj-

19-

Lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm | cbqdnk` bx{bql`q* d`mtlkbqnk`t d`c` fnd{`qbt djnvb kb

bxynmtlôm b lm{bqdncal` bm jnt klvbqtnt nd{rndl`mbt ~rb tb jjbvbm n dna`- Yq`c`vbq jn

c`vljlknk jna`qnj ` jnt yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt* ynq{ldlynq bm cltl`mbt

d`cbqdlnjbt* {qnmtfbqlq d`m`dlclbm{`t* lkbnt | arbmnt yqîd{ldnt* | bt{qbdhnq jnw`t kb

d``ybqndlôm {nm{` n mlvbj mndl`mnj d`c` bx{qnmgbq`* f`qcnqîm ynq{b kb mrbt{qnbt{qn{beln-

1>-

Ny`|nq n jn d`mt`jlkndlôm | bj dqbdlclbm{` kb bcyqbtnt |n bxlt{bm{bt bt

lcyqbtdlmklajb tl ~rbqbc`t cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb mrbt{q` {bglk` yq`krd{lv` b

lcyrjtnq bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld`- Y`q rm jnk`* m` bt trfldlbm{b d`m dqbnq mrbvnt

bcyqbtnt* bt mbdbtnql` flkbjlwnq nj bcyqbmkbk`q/n ~rb cn{bqlnjlwn tr yq`|bd{`* ynqn

tberlq yq`y`qdl`mîmk`jb bj ny`|` ~rb ybqcl{n bvl{nq rm fqndnt` yqbcn{rq`- Y`q `{q`*

ntbt`qnq n jnt bcyqbtnt |n bxlt{bm{bt* yq`y`qdl`mîmk`jbt jn lmf`qcndlôm | n|rkn

mbdbtnqln ynqn tr d`mt`jlkndlôm* yrbkb bvl{nq bj dlbqqb kb dlbq{`t mbe`dl`t d`m nj{ntyq`analjlknkbt kb ìxl{`-

11-




z 89

Jn d`jna`qndlôm d`m `{q`t `qenmltc`t b lmt{l{rdl`mbt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* ntã d`c`

d`m j`t nebm{bt bd`môcld`t | t`dlnjbt j`dnjbt cît qbjbvnm{bt* bt mrbt{qn v`jrm{nk

bxyjãdl{n ynqn jèqnq rm kbtnqq`jj` kb jn dlrknk d`mtbmtrnk`* t`t{bmlajb* lm{beqnk`q |

b rljlaqnk`-

14-

D`crmldndlôm* bm{bmklkn d`c` rmn frmdlôm kb dnqîd{bq bt{qn{ìeld` ~rb {lbmb d`c`

àgb{lv` ny`|nq jn bt{qn{beln kb jn bcyqbtn | yq`y`qdl`mnq d`hbqbmdln b lm{beqndlôm

bm{qb àgb{lv`t* yjnmbt | nddl`mbt grm{` n jn klfrtlôm | ebt{lôm kb jn lcnebm | kb jn

lmf`qcndlôm-

1;-

Bm kbflml{lvn* kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj* d`c` bj yq`dbt` kb {qnmtf`qcndlôm kb jn bd`m`cãn | kb

jn t`dlbknk j`dnj* `qlbm{nk` n trybqnq jnt klfldrj{nkbt | qb{`t bxlt{bm{bt* ~rb artdn

cbg`qnq jnt d`mkldl`mbt kb vlkn kb tr yàjndlôm antîmk`tb bm jn lkbm{lfldndlôm |

nyq`vbdhnclbm{` kb j`t qbdrqt`t | y`{bmdlnjlknkbt bmkôebmnt kbj crmldlyl`-

12-




8> z

;-1 @agb{lv`t kbj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld`

[bmlbmk` bm drbm{n {`knt bt{nt yqbcltnt* bj Yjnm tb nq{ldrjn njqbkbk`q kb {qbt eqnmkbt àgb{lv`t7

Ang` dnkn rm` kb bt{`t àgb{lv`t tb `qenmlwnm jnt jãmbnt bt{qn{ìeldnt | j`t yq`|bd{`t kb nd{rndlôm ~rb

d`mf`qcnm bj Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2 kb YnjcnNd{lvn* n ynq{lq kb j`t drnjbt tb hnm d`mdqb{nk` rmn tbqlb

kb nddl`mbt-

Bt lcy`q{nm{b tbþnjnq ~rb bj kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj m` bt tôj` rm àgb{lv` n njdnmwnq* tlm` {ncalìm rm yq`dbt` ~rb

tb qbngrt{n d`mt{nm{bcbm{b n jn qbnjlknk dncalnm{b* bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m j`t nd{`qbt j`dnjbt | jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbt

lm{bqvlmlbm{bt- Y`q bt`* {nm{` j`t àgb{lv`t d`c` jnt jãmbnt bt{qn{ìeldnt kb nd{rndlôm | trt yq`|bd{`t tb

qbvltnqnm nmrnjcbm{b* | jnt nd{rndl`mbt d`mdqb{nt ~rb tb jjbvbm n dna` tb lqîm qbkbflmlbmk` n {bm`q kb rm

klnemôt{ld` j`dnj nd{rnjlwnk`* kb j`t qbtrj{nk`t à{bmlk`t | kb j`t ndrbqk`t njdnmwnk`t bm d``ybqndlôm d`m

`{q`t nebm{bt- N {nj flm* dnkn yq`|bd{` lmdjr|b rm tlt{bcn kb lmkldnk`qbt ynqn tr bvnjrndlôm ybqlôkldn-

[ncalìm kbab {bmbqtb bm drbm{n ~rb crdhnt kb jnt nd{rndl`mbt tb kbtnqq`jjnqîm kb ndrbqk` n rm

yqbtryrbt{` nyqànk` nmrnjcbm{b* n dr|n k`{ndlôm tb trybkl{nm-

N d`m{lmrndlôm* tb yqbtbm{n rmn qbjndlôm kb jnt >; jãmbnt bt{qn{ìeldnt | j`t 59 yq`|bd{`t kb nd{rndlôm ~rb tb

hnm kltbþnk` | ~rb tb kbtdqlabm d`m cît kb{njjb bm jnt tlerlbm{bt yîelmnt7




z 81

>- Lcyrjtnq bj nr{`bcyjb` | jn dqbndlôm / d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt->-> F`cbm{nq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q-

>->-> Yqèqncn kb f`qcndlôm b lmf`qcndlôm-

>->-1 Yqèqncn btybdãfld` kb f`qcndlôm RLA-

>->-4 Yq`|bd{` Brqbon Grml`q-

>-1 @fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{`* qbdrqt`t* lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt | fndljl{nq j t {qîcl{bt n nr{ôm`c`t | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

>-1-> Ntbt`qnclbm{` ynqn jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

>-1-1 Dbm{q` Lm{beqnj kb Qbdrqt`t ynqn bj Bcyqbmkbk`q | bj Bcyjb`-

>-1-4 Jãmbnt kb n|rknt n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt-

>-1-; Yqèqncn kb cbm{`qlme bcyqbtnqlnj-

>-1-2 Yjnm kb bcyqbtn mjlmb-

>-1-6 Yqèqncn kb bvbm{`t kb yq`c`dlôm-

>-1-5 Vlvbq` kb bcyqbtnt7 nj~rljbqbt n ang` d`t{b | vnj`q nþnklk`-

>-1-8 Yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` ynqn bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

>-4 N|rknq n jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt | cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk | yq`krd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj-

>-4-> Tbqvldl` crmldlynj kb tberlclbm{` | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

>-4-1 Yqèqncn f qcn{lv` ynqn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

>-4-4 Yq`|bddlôm bx{bql`q7 cltl`mbt d`cbqdlnjbt bm {bqql{`ql` mndl`mnj | bm bj bx{qnmgbq`-

>-4-; Kbtnqq`jj` kb yq`|bd{`t kb lmvbt{lendlôm-

>-4-2 D`mvbml` d`m jn RLA kb {qnmtfbqbmdln kb d`m`dlclbm{`t-

>-4-6 Yqèqncn kb mb{u`qolme-

>-4-5 Yjn{nf`qcn mjlmb kb ntbt`qãn bcyqbtnqlnj-

>-4-8 Jãmbnt kb flmnmdlndlôm | travbmdl`mbt ynqn jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

>-; Ny`t{nq y`q jn dnjlknk* jn lmm`vndlôm | j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt kb jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj-

>-;-> D`mvbml`t kb d`jna`qndlôm d m `{q`t qenmltc`t-

>-;-1 Tbqvldl` kb ntbt`qnclbm{` bm tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt->-;-4 Yrajldndlôm kb bt{rkl`t qlerq`t`t n mlvbj j`dnj tàqb j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

>-;-; Fôqrct tàqb tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

>-;-2 A`jtn kb {njbm{`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt-

>-;-6 A`jtn kb Lkbnt kb Mbe`dl`-

>-;-5 Mrbvnt vãnt kb flmnmdlndlôm-

>-;-8 Yjnm kb f`qcndlôm dryndl`mnj bm yq`fbtl`mbt bcbqebm{bt

>-;-< Dj÷t{bq kb bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn-

>-;->9 Yqèqncn Nj{`T{nmklme-

>-;->> Yqbcl`t Jnmwn-

>-;->1 D`mdrqt`t kb lkbnt | yq`|bd{` Brqbon-

>-;->4 Ynjcn Fljc @ffldb-

>-;->; Fbt{lvnj kb D`q{`t ‚Ynjcn Fljc–-




84 z

àgb{lv`t

1- Klmnclwnq | qbvl{njlwnq bj d`cbqdl` | tbd{`q tbqvldl`t-

1-> Lmdbm{lvnq jn vlkn t`dlnj | bd`môcldn kb jn dlrknk fnv`qbdlbmk` jnt vbm{nt d`cbqdlnjbt-

1->-> Yqèqncn kb klmnclwndlôm | flkbjlwndlôm kb jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

1->-1 Yjnm kb f`cbm{` kbj d`cbqdl` kb yq`xlclknk | ybqlfìqld`-

1->-4 Yqèqncn kb yq`c`dl`mbt d`cbqdlnjbt ynqn bj tbd{`q {rqãt{ld`-

1->-; Yqèqncn kb ljrclmndlôm mnvlkbþn n {qnvìt kbj Yn{q`mn{` kb Ljrclmndlôm-

1-1 Ebmbqnq rm bm{`qm` rqanm` jlcyl`* tberq` | n{qnd{lv` bm jnt w mnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

1-1-> Cnmrnjbt kb bt{lj` bm îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

1-1-1 Yqèqncn kb dbqqnclbm{`t ynd`t | nm{l#eqnffl{l-

1-1-4 Tlt{bcn kb njbq{n ynqn rqebmdlnt kb jlcylbwn-

1-1-; Cn|`q yqbtbmdln y`jldlnj bm jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld`-

1-1-2 Ljrclmndlôm nkbdrnkn bm jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

1-4 Y`{bmdlnq jn ynq{ldlyndlôm* jn d`jna`qndlôm | bj d`mtbmt` bm bj tbd{`q kbj d`cbqdl`-

1-4-> Cbtn kb D`cbqdl` | Tbd{`q Tbqvldl`t-

1-4-1 Klîjè` | d`jna`qndlôm-




z 8;

4- Y`{bmdlnq jn bcyjbnaljlknk kb jnt ybqt`mnt b lmdbm{lvnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj-

4-> Nkbdrnq jn `fbq{n kb f`qcndlôm `dryndl`mnj n jnt mbdbtlknkbt qbnjbt kbj {bglk` yq`krd{lv`-

4->-> Yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` j`dnj-

4->-1 Yqèqncn kb qbdldjngb | nd{rnjlwndlôm f`qcn{lvn-

4->-4 Yjnm kb f`qcndlôm `dryndl`mnj-

4-1 Lcyrjtnq bm{qb j`t gôvbmbt jn qbnjlwndlôm kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt bm bcyqbtnt yqlvnknt b

lmt{l{rdl`mbt y÷ajldnt

4-1-> Yqnd{ldrc7 Yqèqncn kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt ynqn gôvbmbt bm bcyqbtnt b lmt{l{rdl`mbt

(n mlvbj bt{n{nj,

4-1-1 Brq`yqnd{ldrc7 Yqèqncn kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt ynqn gôvbmbt bm bcyqbtnt b

lmt{l{rdl`mbt (n mlvbj brq`yb`,

4-4 F`cbm{nq jn drnjlfldndlôm | cbg`qn d`cyb{bmdlnj-

4-4-> [njjbqbt kb d`cyb{bmdlnt jna`qnjbt | cbg`qn kb hnaljlknkbt-

4-; Yq`c`vbq jn r{ljlwndlôm | f`qcndlôm bm Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãnt-

4-;-> [bdm`Nd{lvn7 dbm{q` [LD-

4-;-1 Yrbt{n bm cnqdhn kb rmn yjn{nf`qcn kb b#jbnqmlme

4-;-4 Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãnt nyjldnknt n jnt bcyqbtnt-

4-2 Fndljl{nq jn lm{bqcbklndlôm bm{qb `fbq{nm{bt | kbcnmknm{bt kb bcyjb`-

4-2-> Nebmdln crmldlynj kb d`j`dndlôm-

4-2-1 Yqèqncn Ytld`Nd{lvn-

4-2-4 Tbqvldl` kb ntbt`qnclbm{` jna`qnj | kb QQHH-

4-2-; Yqèqncn Dnwn{njbm{`t-

4-2-2 A`jtlmbt kb btybdlnjlwndlôm tbd{`qlnj-

4-2-6 Fbqln kbj [qnang`-

4-2-5 Yqèqncn kb djîrtrjnt t`dlnjbt-

4-6 N|rknq | `fqbdbq qbdrqt`t ynqn y`{bmdlnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj-

4-6-> Tbqvldl` kb lmf`qcndlôm | `qlbm{ndlôm jna`qnj-

4-6-1 A`jtn kb bcyjb`-

4-6-4 Dbm{q` Lm{beqnj kb Qbdrqt`t ynqn bj Bcyqbmkbk`q | bj Bcyjb (DLQ,-

4-6-; Yjn{nf`qcn vlq{rnj kb `dryndlôm-

4-6-2 Yqèqncn Al{îd`qn-

4-6-6 Yqèqncn !Yq`fbtl`mnjbt bm {qnmtldlôm!-

4-6-5 Yrm{` kb Lmf`qcndlôm | `qlbm{ndlôm tàqb Ndqbkl{ndl`mbt Yq`fbtl`mnjbt-

4-6-8 Yrm{` kb Lmf`qcndlôm Jna`qnjBrq`yn-

4-5 Ebmbqnq mrbvnt hbqqnclbm{nt* yq`dbklclbm{`t | yq`|bd{`t bmdnclmnk`t n jn Lmm`vndlôm | bj kbtnqq`jj` bm

cn{bqln kb bcyjb`

4-5-> Yrajldndlôm kb bt{rkl`t | nmîjltlt kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj | mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t-

4-5-4 D`meqbt` Lm{bqmndl`mnj kb Bcyjb`




82 z

@AGB[LV@7

>- Lcyrjtnq bj nr{`bcyjb` | jn dqbndlôm / d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

Jãmbn bt{qn{ìeldn7

>-> F`cbm{nq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q-

Lcyrjtnq jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt | yq`c`dl`mnq

jn drj{rqn bcyqbmkbk`qn bm bj crmldlyl` kb

Ynjcn bt rm` kb mrbt{q`t `agb{lv`t yqlmdlynjbt-

D`m bt{n flmnjlknk ntbt`qnc`t nj bcyqbmkbk`q/n| bcyqbtnql`/n bm {`knt jnt fntbt kbj yq`dbt`*

kbtkb bj c`cbm{` bm ~rb {lbmb jn lkbn b ljrtlôm

kb lmldlnq rm mbe`dl` hnt{n tr d`mdqbdlôm bm

yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt vlnajbt | ebmbqnk`qbt kb

bcyjb`-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk`* bj f`cbm{` kbj kbm`clmnk`

‚btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q– kbab lq klqlelk` n f`qcnq

n mrbt{q`t rtrnql`t bm n~rbjjnt hnaljlknkbt

yq`ylnt kb j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt* njermnt kb jnt

drnjbt t`m bm dlbq{n cnmbqn lmmn{nt* ybq` ~rb

{ncalìm yrbkbm nk~rlqlqtb cbklnm{b jn

lmt{qrddlôm nkbdrnkn-

Ntã* rm bcyqbmkbk`q bt njerlbm dnynw kb kb{bd{nq

rmn `y`q{rmlknk* d`mtberlq j`t qbdrqt`t ynqn

nyq`vbdhnqjn | ~rb {`k` bt{` ebmbqb rm vnj`q- Rm

bcyqbmkbk`q bt njerlbm ~rb7

‡ Artdn `y`q{rmlknkbt-

‡ Nd{÷n d`m yntlôm ynqn d`mtberlq rm

`agb{lv` d`mdqb{`-

‡ Vlvb kb cnmbqn yq`nd{lvn

‡ Kbtnqq`jjn b~rly`t-

‡ Kltfqr{n kbj qbd`qqlk` hndln jn dqbndlôm

kb vnj`q-




z 86

Yq`|bd{`t kb nd{rndlôm7

>->-> Yqèqncn kb f`qcndlôm b lmf`qcndlôm-

Kbtnqq`jjnq klvbqtnt nddl`mbt nkny{nknt n jntklfbqbm{bt bknkbt ynqn knq n d`m`dbq | y`mbq bm

vnj`q jn flerqn kbj bcyqbmkbk`q bm jnt btdrbjnt kb

yqlcnqln* lmt{l{r{`t kb bmtbþnmwn tbdrmknqln*

dbm{q`t f`qcn{lv`t* Rmlvbqtlknk* b{d- cbklnm{b

dhnqjnt ynqn kbtcl{lfldnq bj clbk` nj fqndnt`*

tlcrjndl`mbt kb dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt | kb

ebt{lôm bcyqbtnqlnj* ndbqdnmk` c`kbj`t kb ìxl{`

kb bcyqbtnql`t/nt gôvbmbt ~rb hnm {qlrmfnk` bm

bj crmk` bcyqbtnqlnj* b{d-

Jnt yqlmdlynjbt nddl`mbt ~rb tb yqb{bmkbm

kbtnqq`jjnq t`m jnt tlerlbm{bt7

@AGB[LV@T

>- F`cbm{nq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q | c`t{qnq

bj nr{`bcyjb` d`c` rmn tnjlkn vlnajb nj

crmk` jna`qnj* tlerlbmk` bj bgbcyj` kb jn

ebm{b bcyqbmkbk`qn ~rb |n hn d`mt{l{rlk`tr bcyqbtn-

1- Klfrmklq j`t tbqvldl`t ~rb YnjcnNd{lvn y`mb nklty`tldlôm kbj d`jbd{lv` kb bcyqbmkbk`#

qbt/nt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt kb Ynjcn ynqn

n|rknqjbt n kbtnqq`jjnq trt yq`|bd{`t-

4- @fqbdbq ny`|` {ìdmld` | c`{lvndl`mnj n jnt

ybqt`mnt ~rb {lbmbm rmn lkbn kb mbe`dl` `

~rb kbtbnm y`mbq bm cnqdhn tr yq`yln

bcyqbtn-

;- Yq`c`vbq jn bd`m`cãn t`dlnj* bj nr{`bcyjb`

| jn nd{lvlknk bcyqbmkbk`qn-

2- Cbg`qnq jn drnjlfldndlôm kbj dnyl{nj hrcnm`-

6- @fqbdbq qbdrqt`t ynqn bjna`qnq bj yjnm kb

bcyqbtn* {r{`qãnt lmklvlkrnjlwnknt | n|rkn bm

jn a÷t~rbkn kb flmnmdlndlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Nd{rndl`mbt klqlelknt yqlmdlynjcbm{b n njrcmnk`

kb dldj`t f`qcn{lv`t kb f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj*

btdrbjnt kb yqlcnqln* lmt{l{r{`t kb bmtbþnmwntbdrmknqln* dbm{q`t f`qcn{lv`t | rmlvbqtlknk-

FBDHNT KB QBNJLWNDLÔM

N ynq{lq kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb njrcmnk` ynq{ldlynm{b

` M· BY* LBT* dbm{q`t d`mdbq{nk`t ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· {njjbqbt qbnjlwnk`t

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kbj njrcmnk`*yq`fbt`qbt | dbm{q`t ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb btyndl`t bxy`tl{lv`t

` M· kb kãnt kb bxy`tldlôm

` M· kb vltl{nm{bt/bxy`tldlôm

` M· kb ybjãdrjnt yq`|bd{nknt

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ntlt{bm{bt

` M· kb d`m{bmlk`t tralk`t bm qbkbt t`dlnjbt

` M· kb tberlk`qbt bm qbkbt t`dlnjbt

` M· kb vltl{nm{bt/d`m{bmlk`

‡ Yqèqncn ‚Mìlxbq–

‡ [njjbq ‚Nyqbmkb n bcyqbmkbq–

‡ [njjbq ‚Bm{qìmn{b ynqn bcyqbmkbq–

‡ [njjbq kb Dqbn{lvlknk ‚Lcnelmnq ynqn

Bcyqbmkbq–

‡ Bxy`tldlôm ‚>4 ynt`t ynqn dqbnq rmn

bcyqbtn–

‡ Yq`|bd{` BCL* ‚Bcyqbmkbq bm cl

Lmt{l{r{`–

‡ Yqèqncn ‚Ab nm bm{qbyqbmbrq–

‡ Yqèqncn ‚Bcyqbmkb ;2–

‡ Y`{bmdlndlôm kb jnt qbkbt t`dlnjbt |

nyjldndl`mbt 1-9 ynqn klfrmklq bj btyãql{r

bcyqbmkbk`q7 Fndba`ò* E`èjb*

[ul{bq* Jlmobklm* \`r{rab* Lttrr* Fjldoq*

Tjlkbthnqb | Yqbwl-

‡ Vãkb`t Yq`c`dl`mnjbt ‚Bgbqdb {r kbqbdh`

n {qnangnq bm j` ~rb ~rlbqnt–-

‡ Dlmb ynqn Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-




85 z

>->-1 Yq`eqncn btybdãfld` kb f`qcndlôm RLA-

Bt{najbdbq ndrbqk`t d`m jn FRBLA ynqn ndbqdnq bjcrmk` bcyqbtnqlnj n j`t/nt bt{rklnm{bt

rmlvbqtl{nql`t/nt-

Jn yqlmdlynj nddlôm ~rb tb yqb{bmkb kbtnqq`jjnq bt

jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T>- Knq n d`m`dbq bj nr{`bcyjb` d`c` rmn

nj{bqmn{lvn vlnajb n jn h`qn kb {qnangnq*

vnj`qnmk` {nm{` jnt vbm{ngnt d`c` j`t

lmd`mvbmlbm{bt-

1- @fqbdbq ny`|` n dnkn njrcm`/n ynqn ~rb

kbflmn tr l{lmbqnql` n {qnvìt kbj nr{`bcyjb`-

4- Yqbynqnq n j`t/jnt bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ynqn

nmnjlwnq jn vlnaljlknk kb tr yq`|bd{` kb

dqbndlôm kb rmn bcyqbtn-

;- Knq n d`m`dbq j`t klfbqbm{bt ynt`t | qbdrqt`t

mbdbtnql`t ynqn dqbnq jn yq`yln bcyqbtn-

2- Knq ny`|` bt{qrd{rqnj | f`qcn{lv` n j`t

klfbqbm{bt yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt ~rb

f`qcnm ynq{b kbj yq`eqncn-

6- Nk~rlqlq j`t d`m`dlclbm{`t aîtld`t ynqn jn

ebt{lôm kb rmn Y\CB-

5- @fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{` | nd`cynþnclbm{` n

j`t rmlvbqtl{nql`t/n bm {`k` bj yq`dbt` kb

d`mt{l{rdlôm* kbtkb j`t ynt`t yqbvl`t hnt{n

jjbenq n tr d`mt{l{rdlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bt{rklnm{bt kb jn RLA ~rb {bmenm rmn lmldln{lvn `

yq`|bd{` bcyqbtnqlnj | jn v`jrm{nk kb bvnjrnq tr

vlnaljlknk-


Lmldl` bm bj drqt` btd`jnq 19>4#19>;

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· drqt`t

` M· njrcmnk` kb j`t drqt`t dqbnk`t

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm njrcmnk`

‡ ‚F`cbm{` btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q–

FRBLA#RLA




z 88

>->-4 Yq`|bd{` Brqbon Grml`q-

Bm jn jãmbn kb d`mt`jlknq bj yq`|bd{` Brqbon | d`m

bj `agb{` kb f`cbm{nq bj nr{`bcyjb` bm{qb j`t

gôvbmbt* kbtnqq`jjnq rm mrbv` d`mdrqt` ‚Brqbon

Grml`q– kb dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt* ~rb yqbclb bj

btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q-

Bj njrcmnk` nyqbmkbqî n bjna`qnq tr yq`yl` yjnm

kb mbe`dl`* {`cnq kbdltl`mbt | d`cyb{lq bm{qb tã*

tlcrjnmk` jn nd{lvlknk kb rm bcyqbmkbk`q-

Jn yqlmdlynj nddlôm ~rb tb yqb{bmkb kbtnqq`jjnq btjn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- D`m bt{b d`mdrqt` tb yqb{bmkb yq`c`vbq bj

btyãql{r bcyqbtnqlnj hndlbmk` ~rb j`t

njrcm`t/nt vlvnm rmn bxybqlbmdln ÷mldn bm jn

ebt{lôm kb rm yq`|bd{` kb Dqbndlôm kb

Bcyqbtnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Ìt{n bt rmn d`cyb{ldlôm ~rb bt{î klqlelkn n

eqry`t kb njrcmnk` kb klfbqbm{bt dbm{q`t kbbmtbþnmwn* bt{rklnm{bt kb Andhljjbqn{` | Dldj`t

F`qcn{lv`t kb Eqnk` Trybql`q- ‚Brqbon Grml`q

Bcyqbtnqlnj– jbt ybqcl{lqî lm{beqnqtb bm rm

bm{`qm` kb tlcrjndlôm bcyqbtnqlnj | jbt c`{lvnqî

hndln jn drj{rqn bcyqbmkbk`qn-


D`mdrqt` ~rb tb lmldlnqî bm bj bgbqdldl` 19>4-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· njrcmnk` lmf`qcnk`

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm bj d`mdrqt`

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm

` Lcy`q{b {`{nj kb j`t yqbcl`t

‡ D`mdrqt` Brqbon Grml`q




8< z


>-1 @fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{`* qbdrqt`t* lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt | fndljl{nq j`t {qîcl{bt n nr{ôm`c`t |bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

Ny`t{nq y`q jn dqbndlôm kb mrbvnt bcyqbtnt

j`dnjbt bt ny`t{nq y`q jn ebmbqndlôm kb mrbv`t

yrbt{`t kb {qnang`* bj klmncltc` bd`môcld` | jn

dqbndlôm kb ql~rbwn-

Bt yqbdltncbm{b bm ìy`dnt kb klfldrj{nk

bd`môcldn drnmk` trbjbm trqelq jnt eqnmkbt lkbnt

kb mbe`dl` | kbtkb YnjcnNd{lvn kbabc`t bt{nq nj

jnk` kb {`k`t/nt n~rbjj`t/nt ~rb jnt ~rlbqnm

y`mbq bm cnqdhn-


>

-1-> Ntbt`qnclbm{` ynqn jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

Tbqvldl` kb lmf`qcndlôm* ntbt`qnclbm{` |

nd`cynþnclbm{` n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ~rb

{bmenm rmn lkbn kb mbe`dl`* ny`t{nmk` y`q jn

f`qcndlôm kb j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt | jn

yjnmlfldndlôm btybdãfldn ynqn jjbenq n bjna`qnq rm

tôjlk` yjnm kb bcyqbtn ~rb j`t nvnjb | j`t n|rkb n

d`mtberlq flmnmdlndlôm bx{bqmn- Jnt tbtl`mbt

lmf`qcn{lvnt lmdjr|bm mrbv`t cn{bqlnjbt | ny`|`tnrkl`vltrnjbt* ntã d`c` vãkb`t | klmîcldnt ~rb

f`cbm{nm jn ynq{ldlyndlôm nd{lvn kb jnt ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm tbqvldl` kb lmf`qcndlôm*

ntbt`qnclbm{` | nd`cynþnclbm{` n j`t

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ynqn ~rb drnj~rlbq

ybqt`mn ~rb {bmen rmn lkbn kb mbe`dl` tb

yrbkn ntbt`qnq bm jn bjna`qndlôm kbj yjnm kb

bcyqbtn* jn bjbddlôm kb jn f`qcn grqãkldn* jnt

y`tlaljlknkbt kb flmnmdlndlôm | jn a÷t~rbknkb n|rknt | travbmdl`mbt-

1- [qnangnq j`t hîal{`t mbdbtnql`t ynqn

kbtnqq`jjnq jn ~rb kbm`clmnc`t rmn ‚nd{l{rk

bcyqbmkbk`qn–-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb ~rlbqnm bjna`qnq tr

yjnm kb bcyqbtn |/` ~rb {bmenm rmn lkbn kb

mbe`dl`-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· tbtl`mbt lcynq{lknt

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm jnt tbtl`mbt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ynq{ldlynm{bt bm

jnt tbtl`mbt

‡ TNB (Tbqvldl` kb N{bmdlôm nj

Bcyqbmkbk`q,

‡ Tbtlôm7 Lmf`qcndlôm ebmbqnj t`aqb dôc`c`m{nq {r bcyqbtn

‡ Tbtlôm7 [ìdmldnt kb bjna`qndlôm kbj yjnm

kb bcyqbtn

‡ Tbtlôm7 A÷t~rbkn kb frbm{bt kb

flmnmdlndlôm ynqn {r bcyqbtn

‡ Tbtlôm7 Nyjldndl`mbt lmf`qcî{ldnt ynqn

Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt

‡ Nd{lvn“{ ybq bcyqbmkqb.




z <9

>-1-1 Dbm{q` Lm{beqnj kb Qbdrqt`t ynqn bj Bcyqbmkbk`q | bj Bcyjb` (DLQ,

[qnangnq jn lkbn kb mbe`dl` bm rm btyndl` ÷mld`

kb lmf`qcndlôm | ntbt`qnclbm{` lm{beqnj* d`mncyjl{rk kb qbdrqt`t [LD* cn{bqlnj lmf`qcn{lv`*

nyjldn{lv`t crj{lcbkln* yrajldndl`mbt | qbk kb

d`m{nd{`t* ~rb d`m{nqî d`m rm b~rly` {ìdmld` ~rb

qbt`jvbqî jnt krknt bm bj yq`dbt` kb bcyqbmkbq |

nmnjlwnqî jn vlnaljlknk kbj yq`|bd{` (yjnm kb

bcyqbtn,* ntã d`c` qbd`cbmknqî bj {ly` kb

flmnmdlndlôm cît lkômb`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm btyndl` kb nr{`#rt` k`mkb

{qnmtf`qcnq jn lkbn kb mbe`dl` bm rm

yq`|bd{` bcyqbtnqlnj vlnajb* cbklnm{b

nddbt` n d`m{bmlk`t `mjlmb | ntbt`qnclbm{`

bxybq{`* f`cbm{nmk` nkbcît jn d``ybqndlôm

bm{qb ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


yjnm kb bcyqbtn |/` ~rb {bmenm rmn lkbn kb

mbe`dl`-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ybqt`mnt ~rb qbdlabm lmf`qcndlôm bm bj

DLQ

` M· ybqt`mnt ~rb t`m rtrnqlnt kbj DLQ

` M· ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ntbt`qnknt` M· ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb lmldlnm yjnm

kb bcyqbtn

` M· ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb flmnjlwnm

yjnm kb bcyqbtn

` M· ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb dqbnm

bcyqbtn

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb jnt ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt ntbt`qnknt

` M· trtdqly{`qbt Mbutjb{{bq

‡ Alajl`{bdn kbj bcyqbmkbk`q

‡ Kãn kbj Djra

‡ Fldhnt kb mbe`dl`

‡ Ntbt`qãn `mjlmb

‡ TLE (Tlt{bcn kb Lmf`qcndlôm Eb`eqîfldn,

‡ Mbutjb{{bq

‡ Cnmrnj kb Yq`dbklclbm{`t ynqn jldl{nq n

D`mdrqt`t Y÷ajld`t‡ Yjnm kb Bcyqbtn `mjlmb (Y@J,

‡ Qbdrqt`t ynqn bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt

(Erãnt/[bt{t `mjlmb /nq{ãdrj`t,




<> z

>-1-4 Jãmbnt kb n|rknt n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt-

Yq`c`vbq n|rknt fltdnjbt* {qlar{nqlnt |

bd`môcldnt n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt | fndljl{nq j`t

{qîcl{bt ynqn jn dqbndlôm kb mrbvnt bcyqbtnt-

Fndljl{nq* bm d``qklmndlôm d`m j`t `qenmltc`t

y÷ajld`t nr{`môcld`t d`cyb{bm{bt* jn

lmf`qcndlôm | bj ntbt`qnclbm{` bm cn{bqln kb

flmnmdlndlôm | bj nddbt` n jn cltcn* nkbdrnkn n

dnkn dnt`-


kbtnqq`jjnq7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Bt{lcrjnq jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt

yq`c`vlknt y`q gôvbmbt-

1- Lcyrjtnq jn dqbndlôm | bj kbtnqq`jj` kb

bcyqbtnt lmm`vnk`qnt cbklnm{b rmn qbk kb

Artlmbtt Nmebjt ~rb ny`q{bm dnyl{nj

lm{bjlebm{b* bt kbdlq* flmnmdlndlôm* qbk kb

d`m{nd{`t | bxybqlbmdln* n bt{nt bcyqbtnt bm

trt fntbt kb yrbt{n bm cnqdhn-

4- Y`mbq bm d`m{nd{` n bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb

yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt lmm`vnk`qbt d`m

lmvbqt`qbt lmf`qcnjbt (Artlmbtt Nmebjt,-

;- Ntbt`qnq n jnt bcyqbtnt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt

ynqn `qlbm{nqj`t bm jnt jãmbnt kb n|rkn |

ny`|` y÷ajld` n j`t yq`|bd{`t kb LKl cît

d`mvbmlbm{bt kb ndrbqk` d`m jnt

dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt kb trt yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtn#

qlnjbt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt d`m mbdbtlknk kb flmnmdlnq tr

lkbn kb mbe`dl` |/r à{bmbq lmf`qcndlôm |

ntbt`qnclbm{` ybqt`mnjlwnk` tàqb j`t

lmt{qrcbm{`t kb flmnmdlndlôm ynqn jn LKl-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· cbklknt n|rknt fltdnjbt/bd`môcldnt

nyqànknt

` M· bcyqbtnt y`{bmdlnjcbm{b abmbfldlnqlnt

` M· bcyqbtnt abmbfldlnknt

` Lcy`q{b {`{nj n|rknt

‡ Jãmbnt kb flmnmdlndlôm / Cldq`dqìkl{`t /

Artlmbtt Nmebjt

‡ QBK YlKL




z <1

>-1-; Yq`eqncn kb cbm{`qlme bcyqbtnqlnj-

Kbtnqq`jjnq rm yq`eqncn kb {r{`qlwndlôm kb

mrbv`t bcyqbtnql`t/nt bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m

bcyqbtnql`t/nt kb ìxl{`* cbklnm{b klmîcldnt kb

Mb{u`qolme bt rm` kb j`t ynt`t cît abmbfldl`t`t

ynqn jn lcyjnm{ndlôm | y`t{bql`q kbtnqq`jj` kbj

mbe`dl`-

J`t bvbm{`t kb Mb{u`qolme | bmdrbm{q`t

bcyqbtnqlnjbt try`mbm rm ny`|` n jnt ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt bm tr yq`dbt` kb d`mt{l{rdlôm kbj

mrbv` mbe`dl`- Bt{nt nd{rndl`mbt bcyqbtnqlnjbt

d`calmnknt bm{qb tã* try`mbm bm tã cltcnt rm

tlt{bcn kb cbm{`qlwndlôm kb mrbv`t/nt

bcyqbtnql`t/nt y`q ynq{b kb bcyqbtnql`t/nt

d`mt`jlknk`t/nt bm tr tbd{`q-


kbtnqq`jjnq* t`m jnt tlerlbm{bt7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Bvnjrnq tr y`{bmdlnj kb dqbdlclbm{`-

1- Lkbm{lfldnq mrbvnt frbm{bt kb flmnmdlndlôm-

4- Naqlq `y`q{rmlknkbt kb mbe`dl`-

;- Bt{najbdbq d`m{nd{`t d`m `{q`t bcyqb#

tnql`t/nt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

2- D`cynq{lq bxybqlbmdlnt | arbmnt yqîd{ldnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt bm jnt ÷j{lcnt b{nynt ynqn

f`qcnjlwnq bj yjnm kb bcyqbtn* ntã d`c`

bcyqbtnql`t/nt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· vltl{nt n bcyqbtnt

`

M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm jnt vltl{nt` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ynq{ldlynm{bt bm

jnt vltl{nt n bcyqbtnt

` M· d`clknt bcyqbtnqlnjbt qbnjlwnknt

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm jnt d`clknt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ynq{ldlynm{bt

‡ Vltl{nt n bcyqbtnt

‡ D`clknt Bcyqbtnqlnjbt

‡ T`dl`t x rm kãn

‡ Bmdrbm{q`t kb mb{u`qolme




<4 z

>-1-2 Yjnm kb bcyqbtn `mjlmb-

Y`mbq bm cnqdhn rmn Yjn{nf`qcn @mjlmb (Y@J,

~rb ybqcl{n kbtyjbenq | y`mbq bm

frmdl`mnclbm{` rm yjnm kb bcyqbtn vlq{rnj- Tr

nddbtlaljlknk bt {`{nj* krqnm{b j`t 462 kãnt kbj nþ`

| 1; h`qnt nj kãn-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- D`mt`jlknq b lmdqbcbm{nq bj v`jrcbm kb

bcyqbtnt dqbnknt bm jn dlrknk kb Ynjcn*

bvl{nmk` jn hrlkn kb dnyl{nj | {njbm{`-

1- F`cbm{nq kb jn drj{rqn bcyqbmkbk`qn-

4- D`m{qlarlq kb cnmbqn klkîd{ldn b lm{bqnd{lvn

n ~rb j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb Ynjcn

kbtnqq`jjbm kb cnmbqn djnqn trt lkbnt |

yjnmbt kb mbe`dl`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Ybqt`mnt ~rb kbtbbm bcyqbmkbq tr yq`|bd{` kb

mbe`dl` | tb bmdrbm{qbm bm jnt fntbt kb

bjna`qndlôm | qbknddlôm-


N ynq{lq kbj tbermk` tbcbt{qb kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· rtrnql`t kbj Y@J` M· rtrnql`t kbj Y@J ~rb lmldlnm yjnm kb

bcyqbtn

` M· rtrnql`t kbj Y@J ~rb flmnjlwnm yjnm kb

bcyqbtn

` M· rtrnql`t kbj Y@J ~rb dqbnm bcyqbtn

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm rtrnql`t Y@J

‡ Yjnm kb Bcyqbtn `mjlmb (Y@J,




z <;

>-1-6 Yqèqncn kb bvbm{`t kb yq`c`dlôm-

Yq`c`vbq | ynq{ldlynq bm bvbm{`t kb yq`c`dlôm

kbj bcyqbmkbk`q-

J`t yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt t`m jn djnvb ynqn bj

kbtnqq`jj` t`dl`bd`môcld` kb rmn t`dlbknk | t`m

j`t yq`{ne`mlt{nt kb jn klmnclwndlôm bd`môcldn

kb j`t crmldlyl`t* ybq` tlm bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt m`

hn| yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt- Y`q bjj`* bt

frmkncbm{nj kltbþnq rmn cb{`k`jèãn ynqn

tbmtlaljlwnq | bkrdnq bm jnt nd{l{rkbt | ny{l{rkbt

kbj bcyqbmkbk`q-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Y`{bmdlnq jn lmldln{lvn bcyqbmkbk`qn | jn

dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

1- Yq`c`dl`mnq j`t vnj`qbt bcyqbtnqlnjbt* ntã

d`c` lcyrjtnq jn lmm`vndlôm* jn d`cyb{l{lvl#

knk b lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt

j`dnjbt-

4- Ndbqdnqm`t n mrbt{q` y÷ajld` àgb{lv`

(gôvbmbt* yq`fbtl`mnjbt* rmlvbqtl{nql`t---, ynqn

c`t{qnqjbt bj nr{`bcyjb` d`c` tnjlkn nj

crmk` jna`qnj* tàqb {`k` bm {lbcy`t kb

lmdbq{lkrcaqb bd`môcldn-

;- F`cbm{nq bj mb{u`qolme* {qn{nmk` kb

fndljl{nq* lcyrjtnq | klmnclwnq jnt qbjndl`mbt

d`cbqdlnjbt | kb d`jna`qndlôm bm{qb jnt

bcyqbtnt ynq{ldlynm{bt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Klqlelk` n rm y÷ajld` àgb{lv` ncyjl` | y`{bmdlnj#

cbm{b bcyqbmkbk`q7 rmlvbqtl{nql`t* bt{rklnm{btkb eqnk` trybql`q* yq`fbtl`mnjbt* rtrnql`t kb

mrbt{q`t tbqvldl`t* bcyqbtnql`t/nt bm fntb kb

d`mt`jlkndlôm* b{d-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb bvbm{`t kb yq`c`dlôm qbnjlwnk`t

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm j`t bvbm{`t kb

yq`c`dlôm


j`t bvbm{`t

‡ Kãn kbj Bcyqbmkbk`q

‡ Ejànj Bm{qbyqbmbrq Ubbo Anjbnqbt

‡ Kãn crmklnj kb Lm{bqmb{ / Nddlôm

bcyqbtn

‡ G`qmnknt bcyqbtn | t`f{unqb jlaqb-

‡

F`qrc RLA




<2 z

>-1-5 Vlvbq` kb bcyqbtnt7 nj~rljbqbt n ang` d`t{b | vnj`q nþnklk`-

Lcyrjtnq lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt* ang` nqqbmknclbm{`

ntb~rlajb* n gôvbmbt bcyqbtnql`t/nt |

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt nyq`vbdhnmk` j`dnjbt yq`yl`t

kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn ~rb tb bmdrbm{qnm

vndã`t ynqn kbt{lmnqj`t n j`dnjbt kb vlvbq`t kb

bcyqbtnt kb klfbqbm{bt tbd{`qbt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq n jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt* kb

f`qcn {bcy`qnj* bj ny`|` | bj btyndl` fãtld`

mbdbtnql` ynqn bj kbtnqq`jj` kb tr yq`|bd{`-

1- Klmnclwnq jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn b lmkrt{qlnj

kbj crmldlyl`-

4- Ebt{l`mnq jn dnq{bqn kb j`dnjbt vndã`t

klty`mlajbt ynqn fndljl{nq jn nybq{rqn kb

mbe`dl`t ` y`{bmdlnq jn klmnclwndlôm

d`cbqdlnj | bcyqbtnqlnj kbj crmldlyl` kb

Ynjcn-

;- Fndljl{nq jn lmf`qcndlôm ~rb d`m{bmkqî bj

dbmt` kb j`dnjbt vndã`t klty`mlajbt kb j`t

yqlmdlynjbt bgbt kb jn {qncn rqanmn kbj

crmldlyl`-

2- Bmql~rbdbq j`t d`m`dlclbm{`t kb j`t

yq`fbtl`mnjbt* à{bmlbmk` tlmbqelnt | jn

d`mt{qrddlôm* cbklnm{b jn d``ybqndlôm* kb

qbdrqt`t | `y`q{rmlknkbt ynqn jjbenq n

cbqdnk`t cît ncyjl`t* tlm nrcbm{nq

d`mtlkbqnajbcbm{b j`t d`t{bt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb yq`|bd{`t qbjndl`mn#

k`t d`m jn bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn kb mrbvn

dqbndlôm-

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ~rb art~rbm rm j`dnj

ynqn lmt{njnq tr nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj ~rb

bt{ìm qbnjlwnmk` rm yjnm kb bcyqbtn-

‡ Bcyqbtnt qbjndl`mnknt d`m jn bd`m`cãn

dqbn{lvn d`m cbm`t kb 4 nþ`t kb nj{n fltdnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb mrbv`t j`dnjbt trcnk`t nj Dbm{q` kb

Bcyqbtnt

` M· bcyqbtnt lmt{njnknt bm bj Dbm{q` kb

Bcyqbtnt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt ~rb tb !lmkbybmklwnm!

{ntn kb trybqvlvbmdln` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb jnt ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt

` M· kb nddl`mbt kb klmnclwndlôm lcynq{lknt

` " kb j`dnjbt vndã`t / {`{njlknk btyndl`t

`fbq{nk`t

` Qn{l` kb `drynaljlknk kb btyndl`t

` M· kb yb{ldl`mbt kb a`jtn kb j`dnjbt

` Yrbt{` bm cnqdhn btyndl` Dù`qolme TL /M@

` M· kb btyndl`t `drynk`t bm yqèqncn

Dù`qolme` D`mvbml` flqcnk` Qbkbttn TL /M@

` Nddl`mbt kbtnqq`jjnknt d`mvbml` d`m Qbkbttn

‡ Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt kb YnjcnNd{lvn —Dj÷t{bq kb Bd`m`cãn Dqbn{lvn

‡ Lmdrank`qn / Dbm{q` kb Dù`qolme-

‡ A`jtn kb J`dnjbt — Yqèqncn ‚Lmt{njµjn{–

‡ Ynqd AL[

‡ Qbk kb Vlvbq`t QBKBTN




z <6

>-1-8 Yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` ynqn bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

Kbtnqq`jjnq rm yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` btybdãfld`

ynqn bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt* ~rb lmdjr|n dhnqjnt*

dîytrjnt lmf`qcn{lvnt* {njjbqbt* drqt`t* b{d- |

fndljl{b jn dqbndlôm kb mrbvnt bcyqbtnt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq jnt hbqqnclbm{nt mbdbtnqlnt ynqn

kltbþnq | klqlelq yq`|bd{`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt-

1- Ntbt`qnq kb f`qcn lmklvlkrnjlwnkn n j`t

ynq{ldlynm{bt tàqb jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt bm tr

tbd{`q kb nd{lvlknk | bm bj kbtnqq`jj` kb tr

Yjnm kb Mbe`dl`-

4- Ny`|nq jn yrbt{n bm cnqdhn | d`mt`jlkndlôm

kb jn bcyqbtn-

;- F`cbm{nq bj kbtnqq`jj` kb jnt mrbvnt{bdm`jèãnt-

2- Nyqbmkbq n d`calmnq kb f`qcn b~rljlaqnkn

dql{bql`t kb qbm{naljlknk t`dlnj | bd`môcldn

qbtyb{nmk` jn tlmerjnqlknk kbj hbdh` drj{rqnj*

jn t`t{bmlaljlknk* bj cbkl` ncalbm{b | jn

lernjknk kb `y`q{rmlknkbt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


yjnm kb bcyqbtn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· {njjbqbt* drqt`t* dîytrjnt lcynq{lk`t

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm j`t {njjbqbt


j`t {njjbqbt

‡ Dîytrjnt f`qcn{lvnt

‡ [njjbq ‚Nyqbmkb n bcyqbmkbq–

‡

[njjbq ‚Bm{qìmn{b ynqn bcyqbmkbq–‡ [njjbq kb Dqbn{lvlknk ‚Lcnelmnq ynqn

Bcyqbmkbq–

‡ B#jbnqmlme

‡ >99" Bcyqbtn

‡ Dnfìt d`j`~rl` bcyqbtnqlnjbt7 ‚Rm Dnfè

nca…–

‡ Bcybm{n7 F`qcndlôm ynqn bcyqbmkb#

k`qbt | Y\CB-




<5 z


>-4 N|rknq n jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt | cbg`qnq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk | yq`krd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj-

N|rknq nj dqbdlclbm{` | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb jnt

bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt try`mb ny`|nq nj {bglk`

yq`krd{lv` | bcyqbtnqlnj kb mrbt{q` crmldlyl`

d`c` ebmbqnk`q yqlmdlynj kb jn nd{lvlknk

bd`môcldn | t`dl`jna`qnj kb Ynjcn* d`cyrbt{`

cn|`ql{nqlncbm{b y`q Y\CB | cldq`bcyqbtnt*

~rb nejr{lmnm jn cn|`q ynq{b kb jn nd{lvlknk

bd`môcldn | kb d`m{qn{ndl`mbt kbj crmldlyl`-

Y`q bjj`* yq`c`vbq jn cbg`qn kb jn yq`krd{lvlknk |

d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb mrbt{q` {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj

try`mkqî rm` kb j`t bgbt yqlmdlynjbt kb

YnjcnNd{lvn-


>-4-> Tbqvldl` crmldlynj kb tberlclbm{` | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

Y`{bmdlnq bj tbqvldl` kb tberlclbm{` n

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt

ybqcnmbm{b jjbvnmk` n dna` ntbt`qãnt* yjnmbt kb

d`mt`jlkndlôm* yjnmbt bt{qn{ìeld`t*… Bt mbdbtnql`

y`mbq bm vnj`q bj ynybj kb jnt cldq`bcyqbtnt*

yb~rbþnt | cbklnmnt bcyqbtnt | n|rknq n ~rb

tbnm t`jvbm{bt* d`cyb{l{lvnt | ~rlbqnm | yrbknm

d`m{qn{nq {qnangnk`qbt/nt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq ny`|` {ìdmld` | qbdrqt`t n jnt

bcyqbtnt kbj crmldlyl` ynqn jn cbg`qn kb tr

ebt{lôm | d`cyb{l{lvlknk-

1- @fqbdbq rm klnemôt{ld` kb ebt{lôm

bcyqbtnqlnj n bcyqbtnt kbj crmldlyl` kbj

Ynjcn-

4- @fqbdbq rm Yjnm kb Vlnaljlknk ynqn jn cbg`qn*

d`mt`jlkndlôm |/` dqbdlclbm{` kb tr ebt{lôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbtnt ~rb bt{ìm yntnmk` y`q rmn ìy`dnkb lmdbq{lkrcaqb ` klfldrj{nk ` tlcyjbcbm{b

kbtbbm qb`qlbm{nq tr lkbn kb mbe`dl`-

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt lmt{njnk`t/nt bm bj

Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt kb YnjcnNd{lvn-

‡ Ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb |n hnm dqbnk`

tr bcyqbtn ynq{ldlynmk` bm nje÷m yqèqncn

kb YnjcnNd{lvn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb yq`|bd{`t bm jn fntb kb klnemôt{ld`-

` M· kb tberlclbm{` n bcyqbmkbk`qbt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt klnem`t{ldnknt kbm{q` kbj

yqèqncn Bcyqbtn

` M· kb bcyqbtnt d`mt`jlknknt

` M· kb vltl{nt bm jn yjn{nf`qcn TLE

` M· tberlk`qbt bm qbkbt t`dlnjbt` M· vltl{nt n d`m{bmlk`t bm qbkbt t`dlnjbt

‡ Bcyqbtn

‡ D`mt`jlkndlôm Xnqxn Nd{lvn

‡ TLE (Tlt{bcn kb Lmf`qcndlôm Ebèqîfldn,

‡ Y`{bmdlndlôm kb jnt qbkbt t`dlnjbt ynqn

cbg`qnq | klmnclwnq j`t dnmnjbt kb

lmf`qcndlôm | d`crmldndlôm n jntbcyqbtnt7 Fndba`ò* E`èjb* [ul{bq*

Jlmobklm* \`r{rab* Lttrr* Fjldoq*

Tjlkbthnqb | Yqbwl-




z <8

>-4-1 Yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` ynqn d mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

Kbtnqq`jjnq rm yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` btybdãfld`

ynqn jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt* ~rb lmdjr|bdhnqjnt* dîytrjnt lmf`qcn{lvnt* {njjbqbt* drqt`t*

b{d- | yq`crbvb jn cbg`qn kb jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk |

yq`krd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq f`qcndlôm ynqn jn d`mt`jlkndlôm |

ebt{lôm kb bcyqbtnt-

1- Kb{bd{nq mbdbtlknkbt f`qcn{lvnt bm{qb jnt

Y\CB | yb~rbþ`t d`cbqdl`t kbj crmldlyl`-

4- Cbg`qnq jn f`qcndlôm | dnyndl{ndlôm kb j`t

bcyqbtnql`t/nt | {qnangnk`qbt kb jnt Y\CB |

bj yb~rbþ` d`cbqdl`-

;- Cbg`qnq jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb

j`t bcyqbtnql`t/nt | {qnangnk`qbt kb jnt

Y\CB | yb~rbþ` d`cbqdl` bm qbjndlôm d`m jn

ebt{lôm bcyqbtnqlnj-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Klqlelk` n {qnangnk`qbt kb Y\CB | yb~rbþ`

d`cbqdl`* bcyqbtnql`t/nt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb h`qnt lcynq{lknt

` M· kb yjnwnt/ njrcmnk`

` M· kb bcyqbtnt d`mt`jlknknt


` M· kb nddl`mbt lcynq{lknt

` M· kb h`qnt lcynq{lknt

` M· kb yjnwnt `{`qenknt n D`cbqdl`t


‡ Bcybm{n7 F`qcndlôm ynqn bcyqbmkb#

k`qbt | Y\CB-

‡ Drqt`t kb M[LD ynqn bcyqbtnt

‡ Dîytrjnt f`qcn{lvnt

‡ Yqèqncn Lmd|kb




<< z

>-4-4 Yq`|bddlôm bx{bql`q7 cltl`mbt d`cbqdlnjbt bm {bqql{`ql` mndl`mnj | bm bj bx{qnmgbq`-

Ynq{ldlynq d`c` Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj bm j`t

yq`eqncnt kb lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm d`m j`t

nebm{bt j`dnjbt | nr{`môcld`t* knmk` jn

y`tlaljlknk n mrbv`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb

ynq{ldlynq bm jnt cltl`mbt d`cbqdlnjbt {nm{`

mndl`mnjbt d`c` bm bj bx{qnmgbq`-

Rmn kb jnt jãmbnt kb {qnang` kb YnjcnNd{lvn bt jn

kb f`cbm{nq jn lm{bqqbjndlôm bcyqbtnqlnj ynqn

ebmbqnq tlmbqelnt | d`mt`jlknq j`t {bglk`t

bcyqbtnqlnjbt j`dnjbt* tlm `jvlknq* jn

lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt-


kbtnqq`jjnq t`m7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq jn yq`|bddlôm nj cbqdnk` bx{bql`q b

lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt

d`mt{l{rlknt bm bj crmldlyl` kb Ynjcn-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt d`mt`jlknknt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt lmt{n#

jnk`t bm bj Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt kb YnjcnNd{lvn-


N ynq{lq kbj nþ` 19>1 (÷j{lc` {qlcbt{qb kbj nþ`,-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· bcyqbtnt kbqlvnknt n tbqvldl` kb

Lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm

` M· bcyqbtnt ynq{ldlynm{bt bm cltl`mbt bm

bx{qnmgbq`

` M· bcyqbtnt ntlt{bm{bt n g`qmnknt Qbkbj

` M· bcyqbtnt raldnknt Dbm{q` Bcy-

d`jna`qnm qbk Qbkbttn

‡ Kbqlvndlôm kb bcyqbmkbk`qbt n jnt

g`qmnknt tbd{`qlnjbt ~rb tb yq`eqncbm

kbtkb jn qbk kb Nebmdlnt kb Kbtnqq`jj`

J`dnj QBKBJ-

‡ D``ybqndlôm bm{qb klfbqbm{bt dbm{q`t kb

bcyqbtnt mndl`mnjbt b Lm{bqmndl`mnjbt

ynqn jn yq`|bddlôm nj cbqdnk` bx{bql`q-




z >99

>-4-; Kbtnqq`jj` kb yq`|bd{`t kb lmvbt{lendlôm-

Bjna`qnq yq`|bd{`t |/` bt{rkl`t ~rb n|rkbm nj

kbtnqq`jj` | bxynmtlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt (kn{`t*

y`tldl`mnclbm{`t* bt{rkl`t kb cbqdnk`* b{d-,



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm cnqd` kb qbfbqbmdln k`drcbm{nj

(bt{rkl`t | yq`|bd{`t, ynqn fndljl{nq bj

kbtnqq`jj` | dqbdlclbm{` kb jnt bcyqbtnt-

1- Nejr{lmnq lmf`qcndlôm qbjbvnm{b bm cn{bqln

bd`môcldn | t`dl`#jna`qnj kbj crmldlyl`* ~rb

qbd`gn kn{`t hlt{ôqld`t | {bmkbmdlnt* ynqn

y`kbq {qnwnq bt{qn{belnt kb nd{rndlôm j`dnj-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Klqlelk` n bcyqbtnt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· yrajldndl`mbt

` M· kbt{lmn{nql`t kb jnt yrajldndl`mbt

` M· vltl{nt n jnt yrajldndl`mbt | bt{rkl`t n

{qnvìt kb jn Uba* jnt Qbkbt T`dlnjbt |

Nyjldndl`mbt 1-9

‡ Lmf`qcb {qlcbt{qnj7 Anqôcb{q` t`dl`#

bd`môcld` j`dnj-

‡ TLE (Tlt{bcn kb Lmf`qcndlôm Eb`eqîfldn,7

Cnyn kb bcyqbtnt-




>9>z

>-4-2 D`mvbml` d`m jn RLA kb {qnmtfbqbmdln kb d m`dlclbm{`t-

Flqcnq rm d`mvbml` d`m jn RLA ynqn nyq`vbdhnq

j`t b~rly`t kb lmvbt{lendlôm | fnv`qbdbq rmn{qnmtfbqbmdln kb d`m`dlclbm{`t n jnt bcyqbtnt* n

jn vbw ~rb bt{qbdhnq j`t vãmdrj`t bm{qb bj crmk`

bkrdn{lv` rmlvbqtl{nql` | bj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj kbj

crmldlyl`-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq lmf`qcndlôm | qbdrqt`t (kb

lmvbt{lendlôm | `{q`t, kbj îcal{`

rmlvbqtl{nql` n jnt bcyqbtnt kbj crmldlyl`-

1- Bt{qbdhnq vãmdrj`t bm{qb bj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj

| bj crmk` bkrdn{lv` n {qnvìt kb jn

{qnmtfbqbmdln cr{rn kb d`m`dlclbm{`t |

qbdrqt`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt kbj crmldlyl`-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` D`mvbml` flqcnk` Tl/M`

` M· kb dhnqjnt eqrynjbt lcynq{lknt bm jn Rla

` M· lmtbqdl`mbt / nq{ãdrj`t bm bj Mbutjb{{bq

kbj K@LY

‡ D`mvbml` aljn{bqnj RLA#YnjcnNd{lvn-




z >91

>-4-6 Yqèqncn kb mb{u`qolme-

Y`{bmdlnq jnt qbkbt tbd{`qlnjbt kb bcyqbtnt* bj

mb{u`qolme* bj lm{bqdncal` kb arbmnt yqîd{ldnt*

b{d-* ynqn hndbq fqbm{b n j`t d`cyb{lk`qbt | y`kbq

tnjlq nj cbqdnk` bx{bql`q* knk` ~rb nd{rnjcbm{b

jnt bcyqbtnt m` d`cyl{bm ÷mldncbm{b bm jn

j`dnjlknk tlm` bm bj cbqdnk` ejànj-

J`t bvbm{`t kb Mb{u`qolme naqbm jn cbm{b n

mrbvnt lkbnt | mrbvnt bxybqlbmdlnt- Try`mbm

bmdrbm{q`t k`mkb qbjndl`mnqtb d`m njerlbm ~rb

yrbkb d`cynq{lq rmn t`jrdlôm ` rm` kb j`t qb{`t n

j`t drnjbt tb bmfqbm{nm j`t bcyqbtnql`t/nt |

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt bm tr mbe`dl`- Mrbvnt

bxybqlbmdlnt n nk`y{nq | nyjldnqjnt n `{qn jãmbn kb

mbe`dl`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Ebmbqnq btyndl`t kb bmdrbm{q` bm{qb

bcyqbtnt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ynqn bj

lm{bqdncal` kb bxybqlbmdlnt* lmf`qcndlôm |

qbdrqt`t* ~rb ybqcl{nm n ncant ynq{bt7

‡ Bvnjrnq tr y`{bmdlnj kb dqbdlclbm{`-

‡ Lkbm{lfldnq mrbvnt frbm{bt kb

flmnmdlndlôm-

‡ Naqlq `y`q{rmlknkbt kb mbe`dl`-

‡ Bt{najbdbq d`m{nd{`t d`m `{q`t bcyqbtn#

ql`t/nt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

‡ D`cynq{lq bxybqlbmdlnt | arbmnt

yqîd{ldnt-

1- Lcyrjtnq qbkbt tbd{`qlnjbt* n {qnvìt kb

btyndl`t kb d``ybqndlôm bm{qb bcyqbtnt-

4- Yq`c`vbq g`qmnknt tbd{`qlnjbt kb bmdrbm{q`

ynqn bj klnemôt{ld`* lm{bqdncal` | d``yb#

qndlôm bm{qb bcyqbtnt kbj cltc` tbd{`q-

;- Dqbnq btyndl`t kb {qnang` d`jna`qn{lv` bm{qb

bcyqbtnt* ynqn jn ebmbqndlôm kb tlmbqelnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Klqlelk` n bcyqbtnql`t/nt | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· dnfìt d`j`~rl` bcyqbtnqlnjbt` M· ntlt{bm{bt n j`t dnfìt d`j`~rl`…

` M· kb g`qmnknt tbd{`qlnjbt

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt n jnt g`qmnknt

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm btyndl` kb d`#u`qolme

` M· kb bvbm{`t kbj yqèqncn Lmldlnk`q

` M· kb ynq{ldlynm{bt kbj yqèqncn Lmldlnk`q

` M· kb bvbm{`t kbj yqèqncn ‚Neq÷yn{b…

` M· kb ynq{ldlynm{bt kbj yqèqncn

‚Neq÷yn{b…

`

Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ynq{ldlynm{bt

‡ ‚Neq÷yn{b ynqn bcyqbmkbq- F`qcn rm

b~rly` ynqn enmnq–-

‡ Dnfìt d`j`~rl` bcyqbtnqlnjbt ‚Rm dnfì

nca…–

‡ Yqèqncn Lmldlnk`q

‡ G`qmnknt Lmm`vndlôm & [rqltc`

‡ Btyndl` D`#u`qolme

‡ Xnqxn Nd{lvn k“Bcyqbtbt




>94z

>-4-5 Yjn{nf`qcn `mjlmb kb ntbt`qãn bcyqbtnqlnj-

Dqbnq rmn yjn{nf`qcn kb ntbt`qnclbm{` `mjlmb

~rb ybqcl{n jn d`mtrj{n | ntbt`qãn tàqb jn

yqbtbm{ndlôm kb `fbq{nt | y`{bmdlb jn klfrtlôm

cntlvn bm{qb jnt bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt kb j`t

klfbqbm{bt bxybklbm{bt kb d`m{qn{ndlôm crmldlynj-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm klnemôt{ld` `mjlmb kbj bt{nk` kb

jn bcyqbtn-

1- @fqbdbq rmn ntbt`qãn `mjlmb ynqn bj

bt{najbdlclbm{` kb rmn bt{qn{beln kb cbg`qn

bm jn ebt{lôm | dqbdlclbm{` bcyqbtnqlnj-

4- @fqbdbq qbdrqt`t `mjlmb ynqn bcyqbtnt kbj

crmldlyl` n {qnvìt kb jn Yjn{nf`qcn Uba*

qbkbt t`dlnjbt | nyjldndl`mbt 1-9-

;- @qlbm{nq nj bcyqbmkbk`q/n ~rb tb bmfqbm{nn jn `dntlôm kb jldl{nq bm rm d`mdrqt` y÷ajld`*

bxyjldnmk` bj njdnmdb kb dnkn rm` kb j`t

k`drcbm{`t ~rb tb trbjbm qb~rbqlq* kômkb

à{bmbqj`t* dôc` qbknd{nqj`t* | dôc`

yqbtbm{nqj`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt-

FBDHNT KB QBNJLWNDLÔM N ynq{lq kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· klnemôt{ld`t bcyqbtnqlnjbt

` M· d`mtrj{nt kb d`mt`jlkndlôm | dqbdlclbm{`

bcyqbtnqlnj

` M· ntbt`qãnt `m#jlmb

` M· a`jb{lmbt lmf`qcn{lv`t / Mbutjb{{bq

` M· kbt{lmn{nql`t kbj a`jb{ãm lmf`qcn{lv`

` M· kbt{lmn{nql`t erãn flmnmdlndlôm `m#jlmb

` M· vltl{nt n qbdrqt`t `m#jlmb ynqn bcyqbtnt

bm uba* qbkbt t`dlnjbt | nyjldndl`mbt 1-9

` M· kb kbtdnqent kbj cnmrnj-

` M· rtrnql`t ntlt{bm{bt nj Yqèqncn kb

Ntbt`qnclbm{`-

‡ Yjn{nf`qcn kb klnemôt{ld` kb bt{nk` kb

jn bcyqbtn | ntbt`qãn `mjlmb-‡ Mbutjb{{bq

‡ Erãn flmnmdlndlôm `mjlmb

‡ Cnmrnj kb yq`dbklclbm{` ynqn jldl{nq n

d`mdrqt`t y÷ajld`t-

‡ Yqèqncn kb ntbt`qnclbm{` ynqn jldl{nq n

d`mdrqt`t y÷ajld`t-




z >9;

>-4-8 Jãmbnt kb flmnmdlndlôm | travbmdl mbt ynqn jn d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

@fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{` b lmf`qcndlôm t`aqb jãmbnt

kb flmnmdlndlôm | travbmdl`mbt ynqn jn

d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Hndbq fqbm{b nj yq`ajbcn kb jn a÷t~rbkn kb

flmnmdlndlôm bx{bqmn bm ~rb tb bmdrbm{qnm

jnt bcyqbtnt-

1- Fndljl{nq bj nddbt` n klfbqbm{bt jãmbnt kb

flmnmdlndlôm nkbdrnknt n dnkn dnt`

btybdãfld`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt ~rb bt{ìm yntnmk` y`q rmn ìy`dn kb

lmdbq{lkrcaqb ` klfldrj{nk ` tlcyjbcbm{b kbtbbm

qb`qlbm{nq tr lkbn kb mbe`dl` ` ncyjlnq

h`qlw`m{bt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· Bcyqbtnt rtrnqlnt kbj tbqvldl` Bcyqbtn

` M· Bcyqbtnt d`mt`jlknknt

` M· D`mvbml`t trtdql{`t d`m Bm{lknkbt

Flmnmdlbqnt

` M· Yq`|bd{`t flmnmdlnk`t y`q bm{lknkbt

flmnmdlbqnt

` M· Yq`|bd{`t flmnmdlnk`t y`q Artlmbtt Nmebjt

` Flmnmdlndlôm {`{nj d`mdbklkn (BF- AN-,


Artlmbtt Nmebjt

‡ Bcyqbtn




>92z


>-; Ny`t{nq y`q jn dnjlknk* jn lmm`vndlôm | j t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt kb jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj-

Yq`c`dl`mnq klfbqbm{bt tbd{`qbt yq`krd{lv`t ~rb

tb dnjlfldnm d`c` bt{qn{ìeld`t | bcbqebm{bt* n

{qnvìt kb bt{qn{belnt lmm`vnk`qnt | kb dnjlknk-

Kbtnqq`jj` kb rm yjnm kb nddlôm kb yq`c`dlôm kb

j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt bm Ynjcn | f`cbm{` kb

jn lmm`vndlôm | jn ebt{lôm kb jn dnjlknk d`c`

bt{qn{belnt djnvb bm jn cbg`qn kb jn

d`cyb{l{lvlknk kbj {bglk` yq`krd{lv` kbj

crmldlyl`-

YnjcnNd{lvn tb cnqdn d`c` `agb{lv` d`m{qlarlq nj

kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj cbklnm{b7

‡ Bj ny`|` ~rb `fqbdb nj {bglk` yq`krd{lv`-

‡ Bj f`cbm{` kb j`t tbd{`qbt bt{qn{ìeld`t

kb jn bd`m`cãn j`dnj-

‡

Jn klfrtlôm kb j`t vnj`qbt kb jn drj{rqnbcyqbtnqlnj-

‡ Jn nyrbt{n y`q jn lmm`vndlôm bm jn

ebt{lôm bcyqbtnqlnj-

‡ Bj f`cbm{` kb jn ebt{lôm kb jn dnjlknk

d`c` hbqqnclbm{n kb d`cyb{l{lvlknk-




z >96


>-;-> D`mvbml`t kb d`jna`qndlôm d`m `{q`t `qenmltc`t-

Bt{najbdbq d`mvbml`t kb d`jna`qndlôm d`m `{q`t

`qenmltc`t | bm{lknkbt kb îcal{` j`dnj*

nr{`môcld` | mndl`mnj* ~rb {bmenm d`c` àgb{lv`

jn yq`c`dlôm bd`môcldn | bj kbtnqq`jj` {bqql{`qlnj*

ynqn ebmbqnq tlmbqelnt ~rb qbkrmkbm bm rm cbg`q

tbqvldl` n j`t dlrknknm`t | bj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Bj klîjè` nalbq{` d`mkrdb n mrbv`t dnclm`t

| t`jrdl`mbt ynqn d`can{lq bj ynq` b

lmdbm{lvnq jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

1- Bmd`m{qnq mrbvnt tbmknt kb d`jna`qndlôm |

`y`q{rmlknkbt kb {qnang`-

4- Dqbnq | d`mt`jlknq btyndl`t kb klîjè` bm{qb

{ìdmld`t | bcyqbtnql`t-

;- @y{lclwnq j`t qbdrqt`t | tbqvldl`t klty`mlajbt

bm bj crmldlyl` bm cn{bqln kb dqbndlôm |d`mt`jlkndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

2- Bt{najbdbq d`jna`qndl`mbt d`m `qenmltc`t |

bm{lknkbt kb îcal{` j`dnj* nr{`môcld` |

mndl`mnj* ynqn ebmbqnq tlmbqelnt ~rb

qbkrmkbm bm rm cbg`q tbqvldl` nj dlrknknm`

| qbt{` kb kbt{lmn{nql`t kb mrbt{q`t tbqvldl`t

(bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt* Y\CB* d`cbqdl`* b{d-,-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

@qenmltc`t | bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt* nr{`môcldnt |

bt{n{njbt* bcyqbtnt yqlvnknt* rmlvbqtlknk* b{d…



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· d`mvbml`t kb d`jna`qndlôm

` M· bm{lknkbt j`dnjbt d`jna`qnk`qnt

`

M· bm{lknkbt nr{`môcldnt d`jna`qnk`qnt

` M· bm{lknkbt bt{n{njbt d`jna`qnk`qnt

` M· nddl`mbt lcyjbcbm{nknt

` M· rtrnql`t abmbfldlnk`t y`q jnt nddl`mbt

lcyjbcbm{nknt

‡ Yqèqncn Ynjcn ‚Dlr{n{ kb Fr{rq–‡ QBKBJ

‡ D`jna`qndlôm d`m bj LKL / Frmkndlô LAL[

‡ D`jna`qndlôm d`m jn Cnjj`qdn Fljc

D`cclttl`m / Anjbnqt Fljc D`cclttl`m

‡ @{qnt d`jna`qndl`mbt




>95z

>-;-1 Tbqvldl` kb ntbt`qnclbm{` bm tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

@fqbdbq ntbt`qnclbm{` | cn{bqlnj lmf`qcn{lv`

tàqb tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt | mldh`t kb `dryndlôm

bm Anjbnqbt* d`c` bt{qn{beln ynqn d`m{qlarlq n jn

mbdbtnqln qbklt{qlardlôm tbd{`qlnj kb jn yàjndlôm

bm ynq` | f`cbm{nq bj nr{`bcyjb`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq bj nddbt` n mrbv`t cbqdnk`t-

1- Yq`c`vbq rm bm{`qm` kb nyqbmklwngb*

d``ybqndlôm | d`crmldndlôm bm cn{bqln kb

arbmnt yqîd{ldnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt bm{qbbcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt-

4- @fqbdbq lmf`qcndlôm | ntbt`qnclbm{` tàqb

j`t lmt{qrcbm{`t kb flmnmdlndlôm ynqn

nd{lvlknkbt kb LKl-

;- Nd{rnq d`c` nebm{b j`dnj kb jn Qbk YLKL*

d`mt{l{r|bmk` rm yrm{` kb d`m{nd{` dbqdnm`

ynqn {`k`t j`t lm{bqbtnk`t-

2- F`cbm{nq jn lmldln{lvn bcyqbtnqlnj | jn

d`cyb{l{lvlknk* jn lm{bqmndl`mnjlwndlôm | bj

dqbdlclbm{` kb jnt Y\CB bm jn RB-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnql`t/nt ybq{bmbdlbm{bt n tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt-

Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ~rb bt{ìm qbnjlwnmk` bj yjnm

kb bcyqbtn-

Klqlelk` n ~rlbmbt vnm n na`qknq rmn nd{lvlknk kb

LKl | yqbdltnm kb rm ny`|` ynqn flmnmdlndlôm



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ybqt`mnt lmf`qcnknt* ntbt`qnknt tàqb

tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt


lmf`qcnknt* ntbt`qnknt-

` D`mvbml` flqcnk` d`m Qbk YLKL

` M· ntbt`qnclbm{`t qbnjlwnk`t kb bcyqbtnt

lmm`vnk`qnt

` M· kb yq`|bd{`t flmnmdlnk`t n {qnvìt kb jn

qbk YLKL

` Flmnmdlndlôm {`{nj d`mdbklkn

` M· yq`|bd{`t brq`yb`t (RB, ynq{ldlynmk`

d`c` t`dl`t

` M· Ynq{mbqt n mlvbj RB* mndl`mnj* nr{`môcld`

| j`dnj

‡ Qbk YLKL

‡

Lkbm{lfldndlôm | klfrtlôm kb arbmntyqîd{ldnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt bm tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt-




z >98

>-;-4 Yrajldndlôm kb bt{rkl`t qlerq`t`t n mlvbj j`dnj tàqb j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

Jjbenq n tbq rm yrm{` kb qbfbqbmdln nj mlvbj j`dnj

bm jn yrajldndlôm kb bt{rkl`t qlerq`t`t tàqb

tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt | mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t kb

bcyjb` bm mrbt{qn dlrknk-

Bt{b yq`|bd{` qbty`mkb n jn nyrbt{n y`q ynq{b kb

YnjcnNd{lvn hndln j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt d`c`

ebmbqnk`qbt kb nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn | bt{î

bmcnqdnk` bm jn jãmbn nalbq{n kb lmvbq{lq

btfrbqw`t bm dqbnq |/` klfrmklq cn{bqlnj ~rb

ybqcl{n d`m`dbqj`t-



@AGB[LV@T

>- D`m`dbq | yq`c`dl`mnq j`t klfbqbm{bt

tbd{`qbt yq`krd{lv`t ~rb tb dnjlfldnm d`c`

bt{qn{ìeld`t | bcbqebm{bt-

1- Lkbm{lfldnq jnt bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt ~rb

f`cbm{bm bj kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj bm tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* nt`dlndl`mbt*

d`jbel`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* bm{lknkbt | nt`dlndl`mbtbcyqbtnqlnjbt* ntã d`c` dlrknknm`t kb Ynjcn bm

kbtbcyjb` ` bm tl{rndlôm kb cbg`qn yq`fbtl`mnj

kbtnqq`jjnmk` tr nd{lvlknk yq`fbtl`mnj bm tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt |/` mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t kb bcyjb`-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· bt{rkl`t yrajldnk`t tàqb tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt

` Bkldlôm kbj dn{îjè` klel{nj kb tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt (Tã/M`,

` M· bt{rkl`t/nq{ãdrj`t yrajldnk`t tàqb

tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt ~rb d`mf`qcnm bj klqbd{`ql`

` M· kb bcyqbtnt vlmdrjnknt n tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt | mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t

‡ Lmf`qcb {qlcbt{qnj #Anqôcb{q`

T`dl`bd`môcld` j`dnj-

‡ Bt{rkl`t Tbd{`qlnjbt-

‡ Nq{ãdrj`t-

‡ Klqbd{`ql` kb bcyqbtnt kb tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt-

‡ Dn{îjè` kb Tbd{`qbt Bcbqebm{bt-

‡ Ynjcn* dlrknk ynqn hndbq mbe`dl`t-

‡ Ynjcn* dlrknk ynqn lmvbq{lq-




>9<z

>-;-; Fôqrct tàqb tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

Qbnjlwnq bmdrbm{q`t kb bcyqbtnql`t/nt |bxybq{`t/nt bm tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt d`m bj

àgb{lv` kb `fqbdbq arbmnt yqîd{ldnt |

d`m`dlclbm{` ndbqdn kb jnt ÷j{lcnt {bmkbmdlnt |

`y`q{rmlknkbt bm bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj |

bcyqbtnqlnj-

Ynqn bjj`* fndljl{nqbc`t bj lm{bqdncal` kb lkbnt*

tbqvldl`t | yq`krd{`t bt{qbjjn bm{qb n~rbjj`t ~rb

{qnangnm klqbd{n ` lmklqbd{ncbm{b bm tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt* ntã d`c` vlmdrjnk`t n jn lmm`vndlôm

bcyqbtnqlnj-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Yqbtbm{nq dnt`t qbnjbt kb ìxl{`* kbt{ndnmk`

tr dnyndlknk dqbn{lvn b lmm`vnk`qn kbm{q` kb

tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt* r{ljlwnmk` jn

lmm`vndlôm d`c` hbqqnclbm{n frmkncbm{nj

bm jn yq`yrbt{n kb vnj`q ~rb qbnjlwnm n trt

djlbm{bt-

1- Yq`c`vbq | `fqbdbq mrbvnt `y`q{rmlknkbt n

j`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt*

ny`q{îmk`jbt mrbvnt ybqtybd{lvnt kblmm`vndlôm | klmîcldnt kb Mb{u`qolme d`m bj

flm kb n|rknqjbt n qbm`vnqtb* bmd`m{qnq

mrbvnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb mbe`dl` |

f`cbm{nq jn d``ybqndlôm lm{bqbcyqbtnqlnj-

4- Tbmtlaljlwnq | c`{lvnq n jnt ntlt{bm{bt kb jn

`ydlôm kb nr{`bcyjb` bm tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt fqbm{b nj bcyjb` y`q drbm{nngbmn-

;- Yq`c`vbq | `fqbdbq mrbvnt `y`q{rmlknkbt n

j`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt kbj tbd{`q

{rqãt{ld`* ny`q{îmk`jbt mrbvnt ybqtybd{lvnt

kb lmm`vndlôm | klmîcldnt kb Mb{u`qolme

ynqn n|rknqjbt n qbm`vnqtb* bmd`m{qnq

mrbvnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb mbe`dl` |

f`cbm{nq jn d``ybqndlôm lm{bqbcyqbtnqlnj-

2- Ny`|nq | f`cbm{nq jn dnjlknk bm jn ebt{lôm*

jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt | jn lmm`vndlôm bm jn

nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Yq`fbtl`mnjbt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt

ybq{bmbdlbm{bt n tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt ~rb vnm

n na`qknq rmn nd{lvlknk kb LKl-

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt bm ebmbqnj



LMKLDNK@QBT

` Qbnjlwnk` bj F`qrc tàqb tbd{`qbt

bcbqebm{bt (Tã/M`,

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm bj F`qrc

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt nj F`qrc

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb ynq{ldlynm{bt |ntlt{bm{bt

` Qbnjlwnknt jnt g`qmnknt kb lmm`vndlôm |

{rqltc` (Tã/M`,

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm jnt g`qmnknt

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt n jnt g`qmnknt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb ynq{ldlynm{bt |

ntlt{bm{bt

‡ F`qrc tàqb tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt-

‡ G`qmnknt kb Lmm`vndlôm & [rqltc`-




z >>9

>-;-2 A`jtn kb {njbm{`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt-

Dqbnq rmn a`jtn kb {njbm{`t* ynqn ~rb dnyl{nj

yqlvnk` yrbkn ny`q{nq jn flmnmdlndlôm mbdbtnqln

ynqn ~rb tb jjbvbm n dna` jnt lmldln{lvnt kb gôvbmbt

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt* ~rb y`q bjj`t cltc`t m`

yrbknm ntrclq (Artlmbtt Nmebjt* cldq`dqìkl{`t*

b{d-,



@AGB[LV@T

>- Lm{bm{nq ~rb mlme÷m yq`|bd{` tb ~rbkb tlm

y`tlaljlknkbt y`q fnj{n kb flmnmdlndlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt d`m {njbm{` ~rb kbtbnm

na`qknq rmn nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj d`m

yq`|bddlôm | yqbdltnm kb rm ny`|` ynqn

flmnmdlnqjn-

‡ Y`tlajbt lmvbqt`qbt kb yq`|bd{`t

bcyqbtnqlnjbt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· lmtdql{`t bm jn a`jtn kb {njbm{`t

` M· kb yq`|bd{`t flmnmdlnk`t y`q cbklndlôm

kb jn a`jtn kb {njbm{`t

` Lcy`q{b {`{nj kb jn flmnmdlndlôm

‡ A`jtn kb {njbm{`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt

‡ D`mvbml` ANMLA




>>>z

>-;-6 A`jtn kb Lkbnt kb Mbe`dl`-

Nejr{lmnq {`knt n~rbjjnt lkbnt kb mbe`dl`* {nm{`

rtrnjbt d`c` lmm`vnk`qnt ynqn hndbq vltlajb jnt

klfbqbm{bt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb mbe`dl`*

lmdbm{lvnmk` jn ebmbqndlôm kb mrbvnt lkbnt ynqn

njlcbm{nq | d`mt`jlknq rmn a`jtn kb lkbnt

bcyqbtnqlnjbt klty`mlajb ynqn {`knt n~rbjjnt

ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb jnt ~rlbqnm y`mbq

bm cnqdhn bm bj crmldlyl`-

Jn yqlmdlynj nddlôm ~rb tb yqb{bmkb kbtnqq`jjnq bt7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Yrajldnq lkbnt kb mbe`dl` bm bj y`q{nj uba kb

YnjcnNd{lvn-

1- Knq qbtyrbt{n n mbdbtlknkbt m` dralbq{nt-

4- Ebmbqnq tlmbqelnt bm{qb klfbqbm{bt lkbnt kb

mbe`dl`* ntã d`c` bm{qb bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt |

y`tlajbt lmvbqt`qbt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Ybqt`mnt* bm{lknkbt | bcyqbtnt bm ebmbqnj~rb {bmenm rmn lkbn kb mbe`dl` | ~rb m` jn

~rlbqnm kbtnqq`jjnq y`q tã cltc`t tlm`

dbkbqjnt n jn A`jtn kb Lkbnt* d`m jn y`tlaljlknk

kb ~rb yrbknm tbq kbtnqq`jjnknt y`q ynq{b

kb {bqdbq`t-

‡ Ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt ~rb art~rbm lkbnt

kb mbe`dl` | bcyqbtnt lm{bqbtnknt bm

`a{bmbq mrbvnt lkbnt kb mbe`dl`-

‡

Y`tlajbt lmvbqt`qbt-‡ Dlrknknm`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt ~rb hnt{n bj

c`cbm{` m` tb hnm kbdlklk` y`q bj

bcyqbmklclbm{`* y`q fnj{n kb lkbnt kb

mbe`dl`-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· lkbnt qbelt{qnknt bm jn a`jtn kb lkbnt kb

mbe`dl`

` M· kb vltl{nt bm jn uba

` Lkbnt kb mbe`dl` yrbt{nt bm cnqdhn

‡ A`jtn kb Lkbnt kb Mbe`dl`




z >>1

>-;-5 Mrbvnt vãnt kb flmnmdlndlôm-

Bm{qnq bm d`m{nd{` d`m f`mk`t kb dnyl{nj kb qlbte`

| qbk kb Artlmbtt Nmebjt* ynqn bmd`m{qnq rmn

flmnmdlndlôm bx{bqmn cît nkbdrnkn ynqn n~rbjjnt

bcyqbtnt ~rb j` qb~rlbqnm- Tl ~rbqbc`t

bcyqbtnt lmm`vnk`qnt kbabqãnc`t qbnjlwnq rm

ynt` cît njjî | ny`t{nq y`q bjjnt d`m jn

ynq{ldlyndlôm d`c` lmt{l{rdlôm bm bt{b {ly` kb

f`mk`t | qbkbt flmnmdlbqnt- [ncalìm yq`c`vbq

mrbvnt jãmbnt kb cldq`dqìkl{`t-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq bj bmdrbm{q` | bj bm{bmklclbm{`

bm{qb Artlmbtt Nmebjt* f`mk`t kb dnyl{nj

qlbte` | Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

1- Nyq`vbdhnq jnt vbm{ngnt ~rb `fqbdbm jnt

Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãnt kb jn Lmf`qcndlôm | jn

D`crmldndlôm* jnt qbkbt t`dlnjbt | bj

dqùkt`rqdlme ynqn lmdqbcbm{nq jn bfldlbmdln

bm {`knt jnt fntbt kbj yq`dbt` kb lmvbqtlôm

4- Kbtnqq`jjnq rm yqèqncn kb f`cbm{` kb j`tcldq`dqìkl{`t q`{nql`t d`m bcyqbmkbk`qbt-

;- Yq`c`vbq jnt lmldln{lvnt kb ebt{lôm kb

cldq`dqìkl{`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt d`m

mbdbtlknkbt kb flmnmdlndlôm-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb cldq`dqìkl{`t d`mdbklk`t

` Lcy`q{b flmnmdlndlôm d`mdbklkn

` M· yq`|bd{`t flmnmdlnk`t n {qnvìt kb

A-Nmebjt ` dnyl{nj qlbte`

` Lcy`q{b flmnmdlndlôm d`mdbklkn n {qnvìt kb

A-Nmebjt ` dnyl{nj qlbte`

` M· ybqt`mnt abmbfldlnqlnt kb jn lmldln{lvn kb

cldq`dqìkl{`-

` M· nddl`mbt kb tbmtlaljlwndlôm tàqb jn

ebt{lôm kb cldq`dqìkl{`t bm{qb bj {bglk`

`qenmlwn{lv` kb j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt-


Artlmbtt Nmebjt-

‡ Yqèqncn Cldq`dqìkl{`t Q`{n{`ql`t-




>>4z

>-;-8 Yjnm kb f`qcndlôm dryndl`mnj bm yq`fbtl`mbt bcbqebm{bt

Kltbþnq côkrj`t* {njjbqbt |/` tbclmnql`t bm jn

`fbq{n f`qcn{lvn bm yq`fbtl`mbt qbjndl`mnknt d`m

nd{lvlknkbt bcbqebm{bt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Dnyndl{nq n jbt ybqt`mnt lm{bqbtnknt bm

d`mtberlq klfbqbm{bt {l{rjndl`mbt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb Cnqlmn Cbqdnm{b

mbdbtnqlnt ynqn kbtnqq`jjnq frmdl`mbt kb

yq`fbtl`mbt kbj tbd{`q mîr{ld`-

1- Klfrmklq bj n{qnd{lv` kb jnt yq`fbtl`mbtmîr{ldnt | cnqã{lcnt-

4- Y`tldl`mnqm`t bm bj îcal{` kb jn f`qcndlôm

bm bj tbd{`q mîr{ld`* d`m bj àgb{lv` kb tbm{nq

jnt antbt ynqn d`mvbq{lqm`t bm rm fr{rq` bm

rm qbfbqbm{b f`qcn{lv` bm bj tbd{`q mîr{ld`-

;- K`{nq n j`t rtrnql`t/nt kb d`m`dlclbm{`t b

lmt{qrcbm{`t ynqn clmlclwnq jn aqbdhn

klel{nj-

2- C`kbqmlwndlôm kb jnt nyjldndl`mbt

lmf`qcî{ldnt ynqn bj kbtnqq`jj` | tberlclbm{`

kb jnt nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt-

6- Bjna`qnq hbqqnclbm{nt crj{lcbkln-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Ybqt`mnt kbtbcyjbnknt* lm{bqbtnknt bm

{qnangnq bm bj tbd{`q mîr{ld`-

‡ Bcyqbtnql`t/nqlnt | bcyqbtnt d`m

mbdbtlknkbt f`qcn{lvnt | ntbt`qnclbm{` bm

cn{bqln kb mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt-

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt

‡ Dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn bm ebmbqnj



LMKLDNK@QBT

` Njrcmnk` lmtdql{` / bt{lcndlôm kb kbcnmkn

` Njrcmnk` ~rb flmnjlwn jn f`qcndlôm `mjlmb /

njrcmnk` lmtdql{`

` Njrcmnk` ~rb kbtyrìt hn d`m{lmrnk` tr

f`qcndlôm / njrcmnk` lmtdql{` (n j`t 4 cbtbt

tlerlbm{bt,

` M· h`qnt lcynq{lknt/ m· ht- yjnmlfldnknt

` Yjnwnt flmnjcbm{b `fbq{nknt / yjnmlfldnknt

` Yqblmtdqlydl`mbt / Yjnwnt `fbq{nknt

` Njrcmnk` ~rb à{lbmb {l{rjndlôm / yjnwnt

`fbq{nknt

` Njrcmnk` ~rb kbtyrìt hnm d`m{lmrnk` tr

f`qcndlôm / yjnwnt `fbq{nknt (n j`t 6 cbtbt

tlerlbm{bt,

` Njrcmnk` ~rb tb lmtbq{n jna`qnjcbm{b /

njrcmnk` ~rb à{lbmb {l{rjndlôm (n j`t >1

cbtbt tlerlbm{bt,

‡ Mnvben7 F`qcndlôm mîr{ldn-

‡ F`qcndlôm MM[[-

‡ F`qcndlôm bm 4bq tbd{`q | Bd`m`cãn

Dqbn{lvn




z >>;

>-;-< Dj÷t{bq kb bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn-

Y`{bmdlnq bj Dbm{q` kb bcyqbtnt kb YnjcnNd{lvn

d`c` dj÷t{bq kb bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn (njrcmnk` bm

yqîd{ldnt* lm{beqndlôm kbm{q` kb rmn qbk

lm{bqmndl`mnj kb Dbm{q`t kb bcyqbtnt*

bmdrbm{q`t kb bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb {`kn

Btynþn* b{d-, | bt{najbdbq tlmbqelnt d`m jn

Rmlvbqtlknk* bj Ynqd AL[ | jnt bcyqbtnt yqlvnknt

ynqn dqbnq rmn vbqknkbqn lmdrank`qn kb

bcyqbtnt d`m jn ynq{ldlyndlôm kbj N|rm{nclbm{`

kb Ynjcn d`c` nd{`q djnvb- Bm bt{b tbm{lk`* lmt{nq

n jn cbg`qn | ncyjlndlôm kb mrbv`t btyndl`t* d`m

`fbq{n ynqn gôvbmbt bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq ny`|` n jn Y\CB j`dnj-

1- Dqbnq rm qbfbqbm{b kb bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn | kb

lmm`vndlôm-

4- Yq`c`vbq btyndl`t kb bmdrbm{q`* d``yb#

qndlôm | d`jna`qndlôm tbd{`qlnj-

;- F`cbm{nq qbkbt kb lm{bqdncal` d`m `{q`t

Dbm{q`t kb bcyqbtnt kb îcal{` mndl`mnj b

lm{bqmndl`mnj ynqn jn {qnmtfbqbmdln kb arbmnt

yqîd{ldnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb yq`|bd{`t

qbjndl`mnk`t d`m jn bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn kb

mrbvn dqbndlôm-

‡ Bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ~rb art~rbm rm j`dnj

ynqn lmt{njnq tr nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj ~rb

bt{ìm qbnjlwnmk` rm yjnm kb bcyqbtn-

‡ Bcyqbtnt qbjndl`mnknt d`m jn bd`m`cãn

dqbn{lvn d`m cbm`t kb 4 nþ`t kb nj{n fltdnj-

‡ Dlrknknm`t/nt lm{bqbtnk`t/nt bm f`qcnqtb

bm jbt {bcî{ldnt dqbn{lvnt* (d`m rmn djnqn

kbdltlôm n kbkldnqtb yq`fbtl`mnjcbm{b,-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb mrbv`t j`dnjbt trcnk`t nj Dbm{q` kb

Bcyqbtnt

` M· bcyqbtnt lmt{njnknt bm bj Dbm{q` kb

Bcyqbtnt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt ~rb tb !lmkbybmklwnm!

{ntn kb trybqvlvbmdln


bcyqbmkbk`qnt

` M§ nddl`mbt kb klmnclwndlôm qbnjlwnknt

` Rtrnql`t ynq{ldlynm{bt` M· nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt qbnjlwnknt

` M· njrcmnk` lmtdql{`t

` Vnj`qndlôm `{`qenkn y`q bj njrcmnk`

‡ Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt kb YnjcnNd{lvn |

Dj÷t{bq kb Bd`m`cãn Dqbn{lvn-

‡ Btyndl` kb D`u`qolme kb YnjcnNd{lvn-

‡ Bm{qnq bm jn qbk kb Dbm{q`t QBKBTN-

‡ Nddl`mbt kb klmnclwndlôm kbj vlvbq` |

dbm{q` kb bcyqbtnt-

‡ F`qcndlôm bm 4bq tbd{`q | bd`m`cãn

dqbn{lvn

‡ QBKBJ-




>>2z

>-;->9 Yqèqncn Nj{`T{nmklme-

Kltbþnq hbqqnclbm{nt | nddl`mbt kbt{lmnknt njjbenq n rm y÷ajld` àgb{lv` f`qcnk` | d`m

d`cyb{bmdlnt trfldlbm{bt ynqn dqbnq bcyqbtnt kb

nj{` mlvbj-

Tb {qn{n kb rmn nr{ìm{ldn ndbjbqnk`qn kb

mbe`dl`t* ~rb `fqbdbqî nddl`mbt* qbdrqt`t*

tbqvldl`t kb lmfqnbt{qrd{rqn | nd`cynþnclbm{` n

bcyqbmkbk`qbt lmm`vnk`qbt kb antb {bdm`jôeldn*

tylm#`fft kb eqry`t kb lmvbt{lendlôm* | gôvbmbt

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt d`m yq`|bd{`t kb eqnm

y`{bmdlnj-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Ny`|nq jn dqbndlôm | d`mt`jlkndlôm kb

bcyqbtnt kb bjbvnkn dnyndl{ndlôm-

1- D`m{qlarlq n jn cbg`qn kb jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk

kbj {bglk` bd`môcld`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Gôvbmbt bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt d`m {njbm{`* d`m

lkbnt dqbn{lvnt b lmm`vnk`qnt-

‡ Bcyqbtnt ` bcyqbtnql`t/nt d`m nj{`y`{bmdlnj-

‡ Lmvbqt`qbt bm mbe`dl`t kb nj{` y`{bmdlnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt qbnjlwnknt

`

M· yq`|bd{`t lmtdql{`t

` Vnj`qndlôm `{`qenkn y`q bj njrcmnk`-

‡ Yqèqncn ‚n clkn– # nj{` t{nmklme-




z >>6


Dqbndlôm kb rm`t yqbcl`t ~rb ny`|bm |

f`cbm{bm jn dnjlknk bm jn ebt{lôm* jnt mrbvnt

{bdm`j`eãnt* jn lmm`vndlôm | bj bd`#d`cbqdl` bm jn

nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Knq n d`m`dbq | d`cynq{lq jnt cbg`qbt

yqîd{ldnt ~rb tb hnm lcyjbcbm{nk` d`m ìxl{`

bm jnt klfbqbm{bt bcyqbtnt kbj crmldlyl`-

1- Qbd`m`dbq jn jna`q kb jnt bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt

~rb hn|nm kbt{ndnk` bm bj rt` bm lcyrjt` kb

jnt MM[[* bm rmn ôy{lcn ebt{lôm kb trt

qbdrqt`t* bm jn lcyjbcbm{ndlôm kb

hbqqnclbm{nt kb lmm`vndlôm* ntã d`c` bm

ntybd{`t kb t`t{bmlaljlknk-

4- F`cbm{nq jn ebt{lôm kb dnjlknk bm j`t

mbe`dl`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ybqt`mnt lmf`qcnknt

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm

` Lcy`q{b kb j`t yqbcl`t

‡ Yqbcl`t Jnmwn-




>>5z


Qbnjlwnq d`mdrqt`t kb lkbnt kb n~rbjj`t yq`|bd{`t

cît m`vbk`t`t | vlnajbt bm {bcnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt*

n jn vbw ~rb d`mt`jlknq | f`cbm{nq bj yq`|bd{`

Brqbon-

Bj d`mdrqt` Brqbon bt |n {`k` rm djîtld` kbm{q`

jnt nebmknt kb j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt bm Ynjcn-

Rm d`mdrqt` kb lkbnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt bm ~rì tb

vnj`qn jn vlnaljlknk | bj {qnang` qbnjlwnk` bm bj yjnm

kb bcyqbtn* d`c` hbqqnclbm{n ynqn qbkrdlq j`t

qlbte`t kb rm bcyqbmkbk`q drnmk` y`mb bm

cnqdhn tr lkbn-



@AGB[LV@T

>- F`cbm{nq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q | jn

dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt bm Ynjcn-

1- Lcyrjtnq bj bmdrbm{q` kb bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-

4- F`cbm{nq bj nyqbmklwngb-

;- Fndljl{nq bj d`m`dlclbm{` n {qnvìt kb

nd{lvlknkbt bm jnt ~rb tb yrbknm d`cynq{lq

bxybqlbmdlnt | qbnjlwnq tbtl`mbt kb

mb{u`qolme d`mgrm{ncbm{b-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Gôvbmbt bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt d`m {njbm{`* d`m lkbnt

dqbn{lvnt b lmm`vnk`qnt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ybqt`mnt lmf`qcnknt

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm bj d`mdrqt`` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm

` Lcy`q{b {`{nj kb j`t yqbcl`t

‡ D`mdrqt` Brqbon

‡ D`mdrqt` \rww7 dnwn{njbm{`t kb lkbnt kb

antb {bdm`jôeldn




z >>8


Yq`c`dl`mnq Ynjcn d`c` j`dnjlwndlôm kb

yq`krddl`mbt nrkl`vltrnjbt* n|rknmk` n jnt

yq`krd{`qnt bm jn {qncl{ndlôm kb j`t

yq`dbklclbm{`t nkclmlt{qn{lv`t-

Fndljl{nq nj cîxlc` jn jna`q kb yq`krd{`qnt

dlmbcn{èqîfldnt | {bjbvltlvnt* f`cbm{nmk` ntã jn

lmkrt{qln nrkl`vltrnj {nm{` bm jn dlrknk kb Ynjcn

kb Cnjj`qdn d`c` bm tr w`mn kb lmfjrbmdln-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Dqbnq rmn lcnebm kb Ynjcn d`c` bj dbm{q`

kb q`kngb bm bj Cbkl{bqqîmb`-

1- N|rknq d`m j`t {qîcl{bt ynqn à{bmbq

ybqclt`t kb q`kngb bm jnt lmt{l{rdl`mbt

lmtrjnqbt-

4- Nd{rnq d`c` bmjndb bm{qb jnt yq`krd{`qnt

bx{qnmgbqnt | jnt yq`krd{`qnt j`dnjbt

nt`dlnknt-

;- @fqbdbq rmn antb kb kn{`t d`cyjb{n tàqbj`dnjlwndl`mbt bm Ynjcn-

2- Yq`y`mbq lmf`qcndlôm tàqb bcyqbtnt kb

tbqvldl`t nrkl`vltrnjbt | tbqvldl`t

d`cyjbcbm{nql`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Yq`krd{`qnt nrkl`vltrnjbt j`dnjbt* kb îcal{`

nr{`môcld`* mndl`mnj ` lm{bqmndl`mnj-

‡

Bcyqbtnt kb tbqvldl`t {ìdmld`t | jèãt{ld`t

j`dnjbt-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ybqclt`t {qncl{nk`t

` [`{nj lmvbqtlôm ebmbqnkn

` Yqbtryrbt{` {`{nj kb jnt yq`krddl`mbt

kbtnqq`jjnknt bm bj crmldlyl`` Bt{nmdln cbkln bm jn dlrknk

` M· ybqt`mnt kbtyjnwnknt n jn dlrknk

` Trad`m{qn{ndlôm bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt

nrkl`vltrnjbt

` Vnj`qndlôm kb j`t tbqvldl`t yqbt{nk`t y`q jn

Ynjcn Fljc @ffldb

` M· Yq`krd{`qnt ~rb hnm bcyjbnk` tbqvldl`t

YF@

` [qîmtl{` kb jn UBA

‡ Ynjcn Fljc @ffldb




>><z

>-;->; Fbt{lvnj kb D`q{`t ‚Ynjcn Fljc–-

Lcyrjtnq jn qbnjlwndlôm kb rm fbt{lvnj kb d`q{`t

dlmbcn{`eqîfld`t ynqn gôvbmbt* nyq`vbdhnmk` j`t

cbg`qbt btdbmnql`t kb mrbt{qn dlrknk-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Yq`c`vbq jn dlrknk b lcyrjtnq bj kbtnqq`jj`

d`cbqdlnj | nq{ãt{ld` kb jn dlrknk-

1- F`cbm{nq | klfrmklq bj d`q{`cb{qngb*

yq`y`qdl`mnmk` rmn ybqtybd{lvn d`cyjb{n

kbj ynm`qncn dqbn{lv` n mlvbj j`dnj

frmkncbm{njcbm{b-

4- @fqbdbq rmn vbm{nmn | rmn `y`q{rmlknk ynqn

~rb j`t dlmbnt{nt* nfldl`mnk`t* bt{rklnm{bt*…

~rb ynq{ldlybm bm bj Fbt{lvnj kbm n d`m`dbq

trt {qnang`t | yrbknm d`m`dbqtb bm{qb tã*

fndljl{nmk` bj lm{bqdncal` kb lkbnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Gôvbmbt dlmbnt{nt* nfldl`mnk`t* bt{rklnm{bt*…

ybqt`mnt d`m lm~rlb{rkbt bm bj crmk`

nrkl`vltrnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ynq{ldlynm{bt bm bj fbt{lvnj

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt nj Fbt{lvnj

` M· kb d`q{`t yqbtbm{nk`t

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm ynq{ldlynm{bt /

ntlt{bm{bt

` Fbt{lvnj kb d`q{`t ‚Ynjcn Fljc–




z >19

@AGB[LV@7

1- Klmnclwnq | qbvl{njlwnq bj d`cbqdl` | tbd{`q tbqvldl`t-


1-> Lmdbm{lvnq jn vlkn t`dlnj | bd`môcldn kb jn dlrknk fnv qbdlbmk` jnt vbm{nt d`cbqdlnjbt-

Bt lmkrknajb ~rb jn qbk d`cbqdlnj kn vlkn n jnt

dlrknkbt- Jn nmlcndlôm ~rb knm n jnt dnjjbt jnt

{lbmknt* j`t dnfìt* jnt {bqqnwnt | jn vlvndlknk

lmf`qcnj kb jnt yjnwnt y÷ajldnt* ntã d`c` jn cbwdjn

kb bt{najbdlclbm{`t | vlvlbmknt* hndbm ~rb j`t

anqql`t bt{ìm vlv`t-

Y`q {`k` bjj`* bt mbdbtnql` lcyrjtnq jn

klmnclwndlôm kb jnt vãnt d`cbqdlnjbt kb jn dlrknk*

bt{najbdlbmk` rm mrbv` cnqd` kb nd{rndlôm

klqlelk` yqlmdlynjcbm{b n nrcbm{nq bj fjrg` kb

vltl{nm{bt | d`mtrclk`qbt* qbnd{lvnq jn klmîcldn

t`dlnj* d`cbqdlnj | rqanmn* | ny`q{nq vnj`q nþnklk`

nj c`cbm{` kb d`cyqn bm fncljln-

Ntã* d`mtberlqbc`t hndbq kb Ynjcn rmn dlrknk

nd`ebk`qn | d`mvbq{lq bj btyndl` y÷ajld` | jnt vãnt

d`cbqdlnjbt bm rm yrm{` kb bmdrbm{q`* jjbm` kb

vlkn* ebmbqnmk` rm ncalbm{b neqnknajb* j÷kld` |

yq`yldl` ynqn jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn-




>1>z


1->-> Yq`eqncn kb klmnclwndlôm | flkbjlwndlôm kb jnt îqbnt d cbqdlnjbt-

Yq`c`vbq | kbtnqq`jjnq nd{lvlknkbt kb dnqîd{bq

j÷kld`* drj{rqnj | bkrdn{lv` ntã d`c` `{qnt

nddl`mbt btybdãfldnt ynqn lmdbm{lvnq jn vlkn t`dlnj |

bd`môcldn kb jn dlrknk* bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m jnt

nt`dlndl`mbt kb d`cbqdlnm{bt |/` qbt{nrqnk`qbt*

~rb d`m{qlar|nm n nrcbm{nq jn nfjrbmdln kb

vltl{nm{bt | fnv`qbwdnm jnt vbm{nt d`cbqdlnjbt-


kbtnqq`jjnq t`m7

@AGB[LV@T

>- D`mtbmtrnq | nyq`anq jnt nd{rndl`mbt n

kbtnqq`jjnq ynqn jn yq`c`dlôm d`mgrm{n kbj

yb~rbþ` d`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-

1- C`{lvnq n vltl{nm{bt | qbtlkbm{bt ynqn ~rb

tnjenm n jnt dnjjbt d`cbqdlnjbt n yntbnq | n

kltfqr{nq kb jn nmlcndlôm | kbj bm{`qm`-

4- Knq jn y`tlaljlknk n j`t d`cbqdlnm{bt kb

lmdqbcbm{nq trt vbm{nt eqndlnt n jn cn|`q

nfjrbmdln kb ybn{`mbt y`q jnt dnjjbt-

;- Klmnclwnq jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn cbklnm{b

nd{rndl`mbt bm jnt vãnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

2- Tlcyjlfldnq jn jjbenkn kb j`t qbtlkbm{bt |

vltl{nm{bt n jn dlrknk n jnt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

6- Fndljl{nq jn nddbtlaljlknk nj dbm{q` d`cbqdlnj

nalbq{` kb Ynjcn-

5- Ny`|nq nj d`cbqdl` {qnkldl`mnj kbj crmldlyl`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· nd{lvlknkbt j÷kldnt* drj{rqnjbt*

bkrdn{lvnt---

` M· nt`dlndl`mbt ynq{ldlynm{bt

‡ Dncynþn ‚Ynjcn* [hrqtkn| Mleh{ Fbvbq–

‡ ‚Flqn qnm kb cnq–

‡ Bxy`tldlôm btdrj{rqnt fj`qnjbt

‡ Dncynþn ynqolme eqn{rl{`

‡ Dncynþnt {bcî{ldnt7 mnvlknk* qbangnt*

{njjbqbt lmfnm{ljbt* btdnynqn{ltc`* …




z >11

Klnem`t{ldnq jn lkl`tlmdqntln kb dnkn anqql` |kbtnqq`jjnq nddl`mbt btybdãfldnt kb klmnclwndlôm

kbj d`cbqdl` kb yq`xlclknk | ybqlfìqld`* d`c`

bgbt kbj kbtnqq`jj` | dqbdlclbm{` kb mrbt{q`t

anqql`t-

Bt{b yjnm d`m{bcyjn nddl`mbt kb f`qcndlôm*

nd{rndl`mbt klqbd{nt kb yq`c`dlôm |

d`crmldndlôm kb jn `fbq{n d`cbqdlnj kb jn w`mn `

anqql`* nd{lvlknkbt kb nmlcndlôm | n{qnddlôm kb

d`mtrclk`qbt* nd{rndl`mbt klqlelknt n cbg`qnq jn

dnjlknk kbj tbqvldl` kb j`t bt{najbdlclbm{`t

d`cbqdlnjbt* ntã d`c` dncynþnt kb lmf`qcndlôm

nj d`mtrclk`q | jn lcyjnm{ndlôm kb mrbvnt

{bdm`jèãnt* klqlelknt n y`{bmdlnq bj rt` kbj

d`cbqdl` bjbd{qômld` | naqlq rm mrbv` dnmnj kb

klt{qlardlôm cbklnm{b Lm{bqmb{* b{d-

Bt{nt nd{rndl`mbt kltbþnknt | kbtnqq`jjnknt bm

d`jna`qndlôm d`m jnt nt`dlndl`mbt kb

d`cbqdlnm{bt yqb{bmkbm nrcbm{nq jn nfjrbmdln kb

vltl{nm{bt b lcyrjtnq jn lcnebm d`jbd{lvn kb jntklfbqbm{bt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt kb {`kn jn dlrknk-


kbtnqq`jjnq t`m7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Lcyrjtnq jn d``ybqndlôm bm{qb yb~rbþ`t

d`cbqdl`t* btybdlnjcbm{b n~rbjj`t ~rb

d`mgrm{ncbm{b yrbknm d`mt{l{rlq rm ‚bgb– `

klt{ql{` ‚d`cbqdlnj–-

1- Nrcbm{nq jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb jnt yb~rbþnt

| cbklnmnt bcyqbtnt n {qnvìt kb jn

f`qcndlôm | jn lcyjnm{ndlôm kb jnt mrbvnt

{bdm`jèãnt-

4- Y`{bmdlnq | d`mt`jlknq jn drj{rqn kb jnf`qcndlôm b lmf`qcndlôm bm bj yb~rbþ`

d`cbqdl` clm`qlt{n-

;- Lm{q`krdlq hbqqnclbm{nt kb {qnang` |

f`qcndlôm bm bj yb~rbþ` d`cbqdl`-

2- Cbg`qnq jnt d`mkldl`mbt kbj bm{`qm`

d`cbqdlnj-

6- Fndljl{nq jn lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj bm{qb bj

d`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn | j`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt kbj

tbd{`q ~rb artdnm {qnang` ` ~rlbqnmcbg`qnqj`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· klnemôt{ld`t qbnjlwnk`t/anqql`t àgb{lv`

` M· lcyjnm{ndlôm Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãnt

` M· kb d`cbqdl`t ynq{ldlynm{bt bm nddl`mbt

f`qcn{lvnt

` M· kb dncynþnt yq`c`dl`mnjbt


1->-1 Yjnm kb f`cbm{` kbj d`cbqdl` kb yq`xlclknk | ybqlfìqld`-

‡ Yjnmbt btybdãfld`t y`q w`mnt ` anqqlnknt

‡ Dîytrjnt F`qcn{lvnt

‡ ‚F`qcnm{ D`cbqå– (b#jbnqmlme,

‡ Y`q{nj @YBM[LD (bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m jn

frmkndlôm LAL[,

‡ A`jtãm Yb~rbþ` D`cbqdl`

‡ Yqèqncn Lmd|kb

‡ Klvbqtnt dncynþnt yq`c`dl`mnjbt




>14z

@fqbdbq yq`c`dl`mbt nkbdrnknt nj {rqltc` ~rbm`t vltl{n ynqn klmnclwnq jn nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj

krqnm{b j`t 462 kãnt kbj nþ`-

Bt{nt nddl`mbt lm{bm{nqîm lm{beqnq dnkn vbw cît jn

`fbq{n d`cbqdlnj kb Ynjcn kbm{q` kb jn `fbq{n

{rqãt{ldn d`cyjbcbm{nqln* `fqbdlbmk` jn

bxybqlbmdln kb jnt d`cyqnt bm bj Yb~rbþ`

D`cbqdl` | d`cbqdl` {qnkldl`mnj kb Ynjcn d`c`

rm n{qnd{lv` {rqãt{ld` kb eqnm lcy`q{nmdln*

klvbqtlfldnk`* kb dnjlknk | d`jna`qnmk` n jn

kbtbt{ndl`mnjlwndlôm kbj tbd{`q {rqãt{ld`-

Bm bt{b yrm{` tbqî kb vl{nj lcy`q{nmdln

btybdlnjcbm{b jn d``qklmndlôm d`m bj Îqbn kb

[rqltc`* ntã d`c` jn kb `{qnt îqbnt kbj

N|rm{nclbm{`* lcyrjtnmk` nddl`mbt btybdãfldnt

~rb yq`yldlbm jn n{qnddlôm {rqãt{ldn hndln mrbt{q`

crmldlyl` |* bm btybdlnj* bj {rqltc` kb dqrdbq`t-


kbtnqq`jjnq t`m7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Cbg`qnq jn ndèlkn kb j`t {rqlt{nt | kb jn

yàjndlôm qbtlkbm{b | ntlcltc` lm{beqnq bj

Yb~rbþ` D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn d`c` n{qnd{lv`

{rqãt{ld`

1- Nrcbm{nq jn dnjlknk kbj tbqvldl` yqbt{nk`

{nm{` nj d`cbqdlnm{b d`c` nj yq`yl` djlbm{b

4- Yq`c`dl`mnq Ynjcn d`c` rm kbt{lm`

d`cyb{bm{b | kb dnjlknk-

;- Lkbm{lfldnq* lcyrjtnq | d`mt`jlknq j`t tbd{`qbt

bd`môcld`t bt{qn{ìeld`t kbtkb rmn

ybqtybd{lvn j`dnj-

2- Yq`c`vbq bj d`cbqdl` bxdbjbm{b | kb dnjlknk*

ntã d`c` jnt arbmnt yqîd{ldnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb dncynþnt lmf`qcn{lvnt

` M· kb qr{nt ent{q`môcldnt

` M· kb d`cbqdl`t ynq{ldlynm{bt bm qr{nt

ent{q`môcldnt

` M· nddl`mbt btybdãfldnt bm w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt

/anqql`t àgb{lv`

` M· kb l{lmbqnql`t d`cbqdlnjbt/w`mn/anqql`` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ynq{ldlynm{bt

1->-4 Yqèqncn kb yq`c`dl`mbt d`cbqdlnjbt ynqn bj tbd{`q {rqãt{ld`-

‡ Erãnt lmf`qcn{lvnt7 `fbq{n d`cbqdlnj*

drj{rqnj* qbt{nrqndlôm* `dl`* b{d-

‡ Lmf` D`cbqå

‡ Rm D`cbqå* rm ncld

‡ L{lmbqnql`t d`cbqdlnjbt y`q klvbqtnt

w`mnt kb dlrknk

‡ Qr{nt ent{q`môcldnt




z >1;

K`{nq jnt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt kb Ynjcn | bgbtd`cbqdlnjbt ybqlfìqld`t kb ljrclmndlôm mnvlkbþn

bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m jnt nt`dlndl`mbt | yn{q`mnjbt

kb d`cbqdl`* bcyjbnmk` jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt |

mrbv`t yq`krd{`t ynqn tbq cît bfldlbm{bt bm jn

t`t{bmlaljlknk kbj cbkl` ncalbm{b | nh`qq` kb

bmbqeãn-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- D`m{qlarlq n jn klmnclwndlôm | ncalbm{ndlôm

kb jn dlrknk* krqnm{b jn ìy`dn kb Mnvlknk-

1- Yq`c`dl`mnq klfbqbm{bt bgbt d`cbqdlnjbt*

albm tbn y`q raldndlôm ebèqîfldn* albm tbn

y`q jn nd{lvlknk ~rb tb kbtnqq`jjnqî-

4- Nrcbm{nq jn nfjrbmdln kb {qnmtb÷m{bt y`q jnt

vãnt d`cbqdlnjbt kb mrbt{qn dlrknk-

;- Yq`c`vbq jn nk~rltldlôm kb yq`krd{`t kbj

d`cbqdl` {qnkldl`mnj bm fbdhnt {nm tbþnjnknt-

2- Y`{bmdlnq jn d`jna`qndlôm bm{qb bj

N|rm{nclbm{` | j`t d`cbqdlnm{bt ynqn hndbq

kb Ynjcn rm jrenq cît n{qnd{lv` krqnm{b

mrbt{qnt flbt{nt

6- Tbmtlaljlwnq n j`t dlrknknm`t kb Ynjcn kb jn

lcy`q{nmdln kbj nh`qq` bmbqeì{ld`*

ny`t{nmk` y`q rmn ljrclmndlôm cbm`t

d`m{nclmnm{b | cît bfldlbm{b

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-


N ynq{lq kbj nþ` 19>1 (Ìy`dn Mnvlkbþn,-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· vn{l`t nh`qqnk`t

` V`jrcbm kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld` bm jnt dnjjbt


1->-; Yqèqncn kb ljrclmndlôm mnvlkbþn n {qnvìt kbj Yn{q`mn{` kb Ljrclmndlôm-

` Yqèqncn kb Ljrclmndlôm Mnvlkbþn




>12z


1-1 Ebmbqnq rm bm{`qm` rqanm` jlcyl`* tberq` | n{qnd{lv` bm jnt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

Bj ìxl{` d`cbqdlnj bm rmn dlrknk tb ntlbm{n tàqbrmn tbqlb kb qb~rltl{`t frmkncbm{njbt7 ebm{b ~rb

{qnmtl{b y`q trt dnjjbt kãn | m`dhb* {lbmknt d`m

rmn `fbq{n n{qnd{lvn | klfbqbmdlnkn* arbmnt vãnt kb

nddbt`* ybq` yqlmdlynjcbm{b* ~rb bxlt{n rmn

ybqdbydlôm kb tberqlknk | jlcylbwn bm jnt vãnt

d`cbqdlnjbt-

Rmn dlrknk jlcyln* tberqn | albm ljrclmnknd`m{qlar|b* grm{` d`m bj kltbþ` | klty`tldlôm kb

j`t bklfldl`t* càljlnql` rqanm` | `{q`t bjbcbm{`t

kbj bm{`qm`* n dqbnq rmn lcnebm n{qnd{lvn b

lmfjr|bm{b ~rb fnv`qbdb jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn*

{rqãt{ldn | d`cbqdlnj kbj crmldlyl`-


Lcyjnm{nq cnmrnjbt kb bt{lj` bm îqbnt

d`cbqdlnjbt* bm d``qklmndlôm d`m `{qnt îqbnt*

ynqn ~rb jb{qbq`t* {`jk`t* anqqbqnt* càljlnql`

rqanm`* ljrclmndlôm* tbþnjì{ldn | fndhnknt* bt{ìm

bm d`mt`mnmdln d`m bj hîal{n{ bm k`mkb tb raldnm

| fnv`qbwdnm jn lcnebm kb jn dlrknk | tr vlkn

t`dlnj-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- D`mtbmtrnq d`m bj tbd{`q* rm cnmrnj kb

bt{lj` bm jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt cît

lcy`q{nm{bt kb jn dlrknk-

1- Rmlfldnq jn bt{ì{ldn kb j`t klt{lm{`t d`cbqdl`t

| bt{najbdlclbm{`t kb qbt{nrqndlôm* càl#

jlnql` rqanm`* jb{qbq`t d`cbqdlnjbt* càljlnql`

kb {bqqnwnt (tljjnt* cbtnt* ynqnt`jbt…, ynqn

y`kbq d`cyb{lq d`m jnt cbg`qbt dnyl{njbt

brq`ybnt-

4- F`cbm{nq nddl`mbt kb cbg`qn kb jn lcnebm

kb jnt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt cît nfbd{nknt y`q

bj lcynd{` mben{lv` kb kb{bqclmnknt

tl{rndl`mbt {njbt d`c` àqnt* kbeqnkndlôm

rqanmãt{ldn* kbdjlvb d`cbqdlnj* b{d-

;- @a{bmbq rmn vltlôm kb d`mgrm{` kb jn dlrknk*kb{bd{nq jnt mbdbtlknkbt bm klfbqbm{bt

îcal{`t (d`cbqdlnjbt* lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt*

tberqlknk* rqanmltc`---,* `fqbdbq t`jrdl`mbt

d`m#grm{nt | nvnmwnq hndln rmn vltlôm lm{beqnj

kb dlrknk ~rb try`men jn trcn kb

ny`q{ndl`mbt {ìdmldnt* bt{qn{ìeldnt |

`ybqn{lvnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` Cnmrnjbt kb bt{lj` kbtnqq`jjnk`t (Tã/M`,

` M· d`cbqdl`t nkny{nk`t n j`t cnmrnjbt kb

bt{lj`

` M· kb nddl`mbt kb cbg`qn


1-1-> Cnmrnjbt kb bt{lj` bm îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt-

` Cnmrnjbt kb bt{lj`




z >16

Hnaljl{nq rm yqèqncn kb n|rknt ynqn ~rl{nq |bvl{nq jnt anqqbqnt kb dbqqnclbm{` `yndnt kb j`t

btdnynqn{bt bm jnt w`mnt | îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt* ynqn

qbvl{njlwnq | klmnclwnq jnt dnjjbt ybn{`mnjbt | j`t

btdnynqn{bt frbqn kbj h`qnql` d`cbqdlnj | kãnt

fbt{lv`t* | knq vlkn t`dlnj | {rqãt{ldn n jn Dlrknk-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Cbg`qnq jn vltlaljlknk kb j`t btdnynqn{bt-

1- Yq`|bd{nq rmn lcnebm cît klmîcldn kb j`t

btyndl`t d`cbqdlnjbt-

4- Knq cît vlkn | hndbq cît n{qnd{lvnt jnt w`mnt

d`cbqdlnjbt

;- @fqbdbq rmn lcnebm cît nd{rnj kb j`t

d`cbqdl`t

2- Yq`{bebq | d`mtbqvnq j`t btyndl`t rqanm`t

qbybqdr{lbmk` y`tl{lvncbm{b bm jn

ybqdbydlôm kb tberqlknk | {qnm~rljlknk kb j`t

hnal{nm{bt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` Yqèqncn kb n|rkn hnaljl{nk` (Tã/M`,

` M· d`cbqdl`t abmbfldlnk`t/t`jldl{nm{bt

` D`cbqdl`t t`jldl{nm{bt/bxlt{bm{bt

` Lcy`q{b {`{nj kb jnt n|rknt d`mdb#

klknt/kltyrbt{nt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t abmbfldlnql`t

1-1-1 Yqèqncn kb dbqqnclbm{`t `ynd`t | nm{l#eqnffl{l-

` Yqèqncn kb dbqqnclbm{`t




>15z

Neljlwnq jn qbtyrbt{n bm cn{bqln kb jlcylbwncbklnm{b jn r{ljlwndlôm kb MM[[* dqbnmk` rm

tlt{bcn kb njbq{n bm{qb d`cbqdl` | BCN\N ynqn

fndljl{nq | qbt`jvbq rqebmdlnt kb jlcylbwn bm îqbnt

d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq | qbt`jvbq rqebmdlnt kb jlcylbwn bm

îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld`-

1- R{ljlwnq jnt mrbvnt {bdm`j`eãnt (uba#cct* ---,

4- Hndbq cît n{qnd{lvnt jnt w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt

;- F`cbm{nq nddl`mbt kb cbg`qn kb jn lcnebm

kb jn dlrknk

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` Lcyjnm{ndlôm kbj tlt{bcn (TÃ/M`,

` M· njbq{nt qbtrbj{nt/qbdlalknt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t abmbfldlnql`t

1-1-4 Tlt{bcn kb njbq{n ynqn rqebmdlnt kb jlcylbwn-

` Tlt{bcn kb njbq{nt BCN\N#D`cbqdl`

` Cbtn kb D`cbqdl`

` Vltl{nt lm tl{r




z >18

K`{nq kb cn|`q yqbtbmdln y`jldlnj jnt îqbntd`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld` ynqn

yqbvbmlq jn y`tlajb kbjlmdrbmdln7 n{qnd`t* anmknt

kbjld{lvnt* kbjl{`t {bdm`jôeld`t* vbm{n ncarjnm{b

ljbenj* ntã d`c` tr yq`{bddlôm fãtldn nm{b nd{`t kb

vnmknjltc` ` kb ylm{rqn kb eqnffl{lt bm jnt yrbq{nt

kb j`t d`cbqdl`t-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Lmdqbcbm{nq kb jn yqbtbmdln kb jn Y`jldãn

J`dnj* btybdlnjcbm{b bm jnt w`mnt

d`cbqdlnjbt d`m lcy`q{nm{b lmdqbcbm{` kb

{qnmtb÷m{bt-

1- K`{nq kb cn|`q yqbtbmdln y`jldlnj jnt w`mnt

d`cbqdlnjbt bm jnt ~rb tb yq`krdb jn vbm{n

ncarjnm{b-

4- Yqbvbmlq jn kbjlmdrbmdln bm w`mnt

d`cbqdlnjbt | kb eqnm nfjrbmdln-

;- Ebmbqnq rmn cn|`q ybqdbydlôm kb tberqlknk-

2- Y`mbq bm cnqdhn nddl`mbt | dncynþnt

klqlelknt nj d`m{q`j | n jn bjlclmndlôm kb

nddl`mbt kbjld{lvnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt d`m nrcbm{` kb

yqbtbmdln y`jldlnj

` M· kb nd{rndl`mbt d`m{qn nd{`t kbjld{lv`t bm

w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb abmbfldlnql`t


` Cbtn kb D`cbqdl`




>1<z

K`{nq kb ljrclmndlôm nkbdrnkn n {`knt jnt w`mnt |îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld` ynqn

yqbvbmlq jn kbjlmdrbmdln | cbg`qnq jn vlkn t`dlnj bm

jnt dnjjbt d`cbqdlnjbt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- K`{nq kb ljrclmndlôm nkbdrnkn jnt w`mnt

d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld`

1- Cbg`qnq jnt d`mkldl`mbt kbj bm{`qm`

d`cbqdlnj | jn vlkn t`dlnj bm jnt dnjjbt

d`cbqdlnjbt-

4- Yqbvbmlq jn kbjlmdrbmdln bm w`mnt

d`cbqdlnjbt | kb eqnm nfjrbmdln-

;- Ebmbqnq rmn cn|`q ybqdbydlôm kb tberqlknk-

2- C`{lvnq n vltl{nm{bt | qbtlkbm{bt ynqn ~rb

tnjenm n jnt dnjjbt d`cbqdlnjbt n yntbnq-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` " lmdqbcbm{` bm jn k`{ndlôm kb ljrclmndlôm

bm w`mnt d`cbqdlnjbt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb abmbfldlnql`t


‡ Cbtn kb D`cbqdl`

‡ Vltl{nt lm tl{r




z >49


1-4 Y`{bmdlnq jn ynq{ldlyndlôm* jn d`jna`qndlôm | bj d`mtbmt` bm bj tbd{`q kbj d`cbqdl`-

Jn Cbtn kbj D`cbqdl` bt rm ôqenm` d`mtrj{lv`crmldlynj bm cn{bqln kb d`cbqdl` j`dnj ~rb

neqryn n {`knt jnt nt`dlndl`mbt kb d`cbqdlnm{bt |

qbt{nrqnk`qbt kb jn dlrknk* y`tlaljl{nmk` jn

ynq{ldlyndlôm* jn d`jna`qndlôm | bj d`mtbmt` bm

kldh`t ntrm{`t- \* eqndlnt nj dnqîd{bq {qnmtvbqtnj |

crj{lkltdlyjlmnq kb j`t cltc`t* y`kqî jèqnqtb rmnvltlôm lm{beqnj kb jn nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj kb Ynjcn*

bt{n qbnjlknk d`cyjbgn* lm{beqnkn y`q yq`dbt`t*

klmîcldnt | yqàjbcî{ldnt klfbqbm{bt* jn trcn kb

jnt drnjbt jb `{`qenm rmn d`mflerqndlôm yq`yln-


Qbdrybqnq jn Cbtn kb klîjè` ynqn d`mtbmtrnq

nddl`mbt* yq`|bd{`t* | yqèqncnt ~rb cbg`qbm jn

nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn | d`cbqdlnj kb Ynjcn |

qbt`jvbq d`m j`t qbyqbtbm{nm{bt kbj tbd{`q jnt

yqàjbcî{ldnt t`dl`#bd`môcldnt* nkclmlt{qn{lvnt

| y`jã{ldnt ~rb yrbknm trqelq-

Jn yqlmdlynj nddlôm ~rb tb yqb{bmkb kbtnqq`jjnq btjn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Dqbnq rm btyndl` kb klîjè` | kb yrbt{n bm

cnqdhn kb t`jrdl`mbt* k`mkb jnt yn{q`mnjbtkbj d`cbqdl`* jn qbt{nrqndlôm | jnt klfbqbm{bt

îqbnt crmldlynjbt* tlenm bj kãn n kãn kb {`k`t

n~rbjj`t nd`m{bdlclbm{`t ~rb nfbd{bm n jn

vlkn kbj d`cbqdl` kb jn dlrknk-

1- Lcyjldnq n {`knt jnt îqbnt crmldlynjbt bm jn

qbt`jrdlôm kb jnt kbcnmknt kb j`t

qbyqbtbm{nm{bt kb j`t d`cbqdl`t kb jn

dlrknk-

4- Qbnjlwnq rm tberlclbm{` kbj bt{nk` kb

drcyjlclbm{` kb jnt kbcnmknt-

;- D`mtbmtrnq nddl`mbt* yq`|bd{`t | yqèqncnt

~rb cbg`qbm jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn |

d`cbqdlnj kb jn dlrknk-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` Cbtn kb mbe`dlndlôm bt{najbdlkn (Tã/M`,

` M· ndrbqk`t {`cnk`t

` M· nd{`qbt djnvb ynq{ldlynm{bt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t nebm{bt djnvb

lcyjldnk`t


‡ D`mv`dn{`qln {qlcbt{qnj kb jn Cbtn kb

D`cbqdl`




>4>z

Dqbnq tlmbqelnt d`m `{qnt îqbnt kbj N|rm{nclbm{`| d`mvbml`t kb d`jna`qndlôm d`m bm{lknkbt |

bm{bt y÷ajld`t | yqlvnk`t ~rb lm{bqvbmenm bm jn

nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj* t`dl`drj{rqnj | bd`môcldn kb

Ynjcn* ebt{l`mnmk` bfldnwcbm{b | yq`fbtl`mnj#

cbm{b j`t lm{bqbtbt kb j`t dlrknknm`t-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Nyq`vbdhnq nj cîxlc` jnt tlmbqelnt d`m `{qnt

îqbnt crmldlynjbt | bm{lknkbt-

1- Lmf`qcnq b lm{bqdncalnq yq`yrbt{nt*

yq`eqncnt b lmldln{lvnt kb klfbqbm{bt îqbnt

crmldlynjbt |/` bm{lknkbt y÷ajld`#yqlvnknt

qbjndl`mnknt d`m bj d`cbqdl`-

4- @y{lclwnq j`t qbdrqt`t bxlt{bm{bt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`cbqdl` kb Ynjcn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· d`mvbml`t flqcnk`t

` M· bm{lknkbt flqcnm{bt

` Eqnk` kb kbtnqq`jj` kb j`t d`mvbml`t

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t flqcnm{bt

1-4-1 Klîj`e` | d`jna`qndlôm-

‡ D`mvbml`t kb d`jna`qndlôm




z >41

@AGB[LV@7


Bm bj d`m{bx{` nd{rnj kb dqltlt bd`môcldn | nj{n

{ntn kb kbtbcyjb`* jn lmnkbdrnkn drnjlfldndlôm

yrbkb d`mvbq{lqtb bm rm àt{îdrj` lmtnjvnajb n jn

h`qn kb bmd`m{qnq rm bcyjb`* |n tbn y`q drbm{n

yq`yln ` ngbmn- [ncalìm ynqn jnt bcyqbtnt ~rb

bt{îm ebmbqnmk` mrbv`t yrbt{`t kb {qnang`*

bmd`m{qnq rm kb{bqclmnk` ybqflj yq`fbtl`mnj* tb

d`mvlbq{b bm rmn jnqen a÷t~rbkn bm crdh`t

dnt`t d`t{`tn b lmfqrd{r`tn- Bt y`q bjj` ~rb tb

hndb lcyqbtdlmklajb kbtnqq`jjnq rmn `fbq{n

f`qcn{lvn ~rb kb qbtyrbt{n n jnt mbdbtlknkbt kbj

{bglk` yq`krd{lv` j`dnj* ~rb {bmen rm lcynd{` qbnj

bm bj mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk kb jn dlrknknmãn kb

Ynjcn-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk` lcyrjtnqbc`t n~rbjjnt nddl`mbt

f`qcn{lvnt bmdnclmnknt n jn à{bmdlôm kb

{l{rjndl`mbt | dnqmìt yq`fbtl`mnjbt | dbq{lfldnk`t

kb yq`fbtl`mnjlknk* ntã d`c` n~rbjjnt `{qnt ~rb

tlm {bmbq nrm rm qbd`m`dlclbm{` `fldlnj tbnm

mbdbtnqlnt ynqn tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt ` kb mrbvn

dqbndlôm* kb{bd{nmk` jnt mrbvnt `dryndl`mbt `

yq`fbtl`mbt ~rb bt{ìm y`q vbmlq- Ntlcltc`

y`{bmdlnqbc`t bj rt` kb jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt |

f`cbm{nqbc`t jn cbg`qn d`cyb{bmdlnj kb j`t/jnt

{qnangnk`qbt/nt-

Ynqn bjj` m`t vnjkqbc`t kb bt{rkl`t kbj cbqdnk`

jna`qnj* jnt kbcnmknt kb j`t bcyqbtnql`t | kb j`t

yq`yl`t kbt`drynk`t* ntã d`c` jnt jãmbnt

bt{qn{ìeldnt kb j`t klfbqbm{bt yjnmbt kb bcyjb`

{nm{` n mlvbj brq`yb`* mndl`mnj* nr{`môcld` |

tàqb{`k` n mlvbj j`dnj-

4- Y`{bmdlnq jn bcyjbnaljlknk kb jnt ybqt`mnt b lmdbm{lvnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj-

4-> Nkbdrnq jn `fbq{n kb f`qcndlôm dryndl`mnj n jnt mbdbtlknkbt qbnjbt kbj {bglk` yq`krd{lv`-




>44z


Bt{rklnq jn `fbq{n f`qcn{lvn `dryndl`mnj

bxlt{bm{b* ntã d`c` j`t ybqfljbt f`qcn{lv`t cît

kbcnmknk`t y`q bj {bglk` yq`krd{lv` | kltbþnq rm

yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` n mlvbj j`dnj kb ndrbqk` d`m

jnt mbdbtlknkbt qbnjbt kbj ybqt`mnj ~rb {lbmbm jnt

bcyqbtnt | j`t ybqfljbt cît kbcnmknk`t-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Kltbþnq bj yqèqncn kb f`qcndlôm n mlvbj

j`dnj-

1- Yq`yldlnq bj lm{bqdncal` kb lmf`qcndlôm |

arbmnt yqîd{ldnt d`m `{qnt bm{lknkbt |

bcyqbtnt-

4- Y`mbq nj njdnmdb kb {`k`t* jn lmf`qcndlôm |

m`vbknkbt ~rb trqgnm bm bj îcal{` kb jn

f`qcndlôm n {qnvìt kb jn qbk-

;- Yq`yldlnq bj d`m{nd{` bm{qb klfbqbm{btnebm{bt t`dlnjbt | bd`môcld`t ynqn cbg`qnq

jn `fbq{n kb f`qcndlôm bxlt{bm{b |

nkbjnm{nqm`t n jnt mbdbtlknkbt fr{rqnt-

2- Dqbnq rm f`q` vlq{rnj kb nmîjltlt ybqcnmbm{b

n mlvbj j`dnj tàqb mbdbtlknkbt f`qcn{lvnt-

6- Yrajldnq tbcbt{qnjcbm{b rm qbtrcbm kb

{`knt jnt nd{lvlknkbt f`qcn{lvnt qbnjlwnknt*

ntã d`c` j`t qbtrj{nk`t à{bmlk`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Ybqt`mnt bm bknk jna`qnj* bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt |

Y\CB-


N ynq{lq kb cnqw` kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT


` M· {njjbqbt* dhnqjnt* g`qmnknt qbnjlwnknt` M· Bm{lknkbt ynq{ldlynm{bt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kbj njrcmnk`*

yq`fbt`qnk` | dbm{q`t ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb tberlk`qbt/nt bm qbkbt t`dlnjbt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t/nt ntlt{bm{bt

4->-> Yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` j`dnj-

‡ Yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` j`dnj-




z >4;

Kbtnqq`jjnq rm yqèqncn kb bt{rkl`t bmf`dnk` njqbdldjngb | nd{rnjlwndlôm f`qcn{lvn kb j`t

dlrknknm`t* f`qcnk` y`q rm d`mgrm{` kb

nd{lvlknkbt (dhnqjnt* drqt`t* g`qmnknt* {njjbqbt…,

~rb lmdqbcbm{bm bj mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk kb jn

dlrknknmãn- Dnkn rmn kb jnt nd{lvlknkbt

yq`yrbt{nt ybqtlerb rm cltc` àgb{lv` d`c÷m7

c`{lvnq ynqn jn f`qcndlôm n j` jnqe` kb {`kn jn

vlkn jna`qnj-



@AGB[LV@T

>- F`cbm{nq jn c`{lvndlôm hndln jn f`qcndlôm n

j` jnqe` kb {`kn jn vlkn jna`qnj-

1- Yq`c`vbq jn qblmd`qy`qndlôm n yq`dbt`t

f`qcn{lv`t ynqn cbg`qn kb jn bcyjbnaljlknk-

4- Djnqlfldnq kb f`qcn yqôxlcn | tbmdljjn jn

`fbq{n f`qcn{lvn nd{rnj nj njdnmdb kb jndlrknknmãn-

;- @fqbdbq n jn dlrknknmãn lmf`qcndlôm

qbjndl`mnkn d`m {bcnt kb f`qcndlôm

`dryndl`mnj | kbj tlt{bcn bkrdn{lv` {nm{` n

mlvbj àjlen{`ql` d`c` y`t{àjlen{`ql`t |

bt{rkl`t rmlvbqtl{nql`t-

2- Nrcbm{nq bj mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk kb jnt

ybqt`mnt bm tl{rndlôm kb kbtbcyjb`-

6- @fqbdbq rmnt hbqqnclbm{nt aîtldnt ynqn ~rbtb yrbknm kbtbmv`jvbq kbm{q` kbj cbqdnk`

kb {qnang` nd{rnj ` ynqn jn a÷t~rbkn kb

bcyjb`-

5- Ndbqdnq jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt n jn

dlrknknmãn d`c` rmn f`qcndlôm {qnmtvbqtnj

lcyqbtdlmklajb-

8- Lmf`qcnq | ndbqdnq n jnt bcyqbtnt j`t

klfbqbm{bt mlvbjbt kb f`qcndlôm bxlt{bm{bt*

y`{bmdlnmk` j`t dbq{lfldnk`t kb

yq`fbtl`mnjlknk | jnt {l{rjndl`mbt kb

f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj-

<- Lmf`qcnq n jn dlrknknmãn kb jnt mbdbtlknkbt

kb f`qcndlôm y`q ybqfljbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt ~rb

{lbmbm jnt bcyqbtnt n mlvbj j`dnj*

nr{`môcld`* bt{n{nj | brq`yb`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


Y\CB-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb yqblmtdqlydl`mbt/t`jldl{rkbt


` M· {njjbqbt* dhnqjnt* g`qmnknt qbnjlwnknt

` M· kb cn{bqlnjbt k`drcbm{njbt bm jn uba

` M· kb yqnd{ldnm{bt ~rb tb lmtbq{nm

tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b bm j`t 6 | >1 cbtbt

y`t{bql`qbt n jn flmnjlwndlôm jnt yqnd{ldnt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kbj njrcmnk` |

yq`fbt`qnk`

4->-1 Yqèqncn kb qbdldjngb | nd{rnjlwndlôm f`qcn{lvn-

‡ Lmf`qcn“{7 dhnqjnt lmf`qcn{lvnt

qbjndl`mnknt d`m {bcî{ldnt kb

f`qcndlôm-

‡ Nyq`yn“{7 dîytrjnt f`qcn{lvnt

qbjndl`mnknt d`m jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt |

jnt [LD d`c` hbqqnclbm{nt kb {qnang` |

a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb`-




>42z

@fqbdbq rm dn{îj`e` kb nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt

klqlelknt yql`ql{nqlncbm{b n ybqt`mnt

kbt`drynknt ynqn cbg`qnq tr bcyjbnaljlknk

cbklnm{b rmn f`qcndlôm {bôqld`#yqîd{ldn kb rm

`fldl` ` yq`fbtlôm tbe÷m jnt mbdbtlknkbt nd{rnjbt

` fr{rqnt kbj {bglk` bcyqbtnqlnj kbj crmldlyl` kb

Ynjcn-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm d`mgrm{` kb nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt

~rb d`mjjbvbm jn `a{bmdlôm kb rm dbq{lfldnk`*

{ã{rj` ` dnqmì yq`fbtl`mnj ~rb ybqcl{n

nrcbm{nq bj mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk kb j`t

dlrknknm`t bm fncljlnt ` îqbnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt

~rb ebmbqbm `y`q{rmlknkbt kb bcyjb`-

1- Nddbkbq n rmn `dryndlôm d`mdqb{n `

hîaljl{nqtb yq`fbtl`mnjcbm{b-

4- @a{bmbq rm dnqmì ` hnaljl{ndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj tl

ntã j` qb~rlbqb jn yq`fbtlôm-

;- @fqbdbq f`qcndlôm {bôqldn | yqîd{ldn* tbe÷m

bt{najbdb bj tlt{bcn kb drnjlfldndl`mbt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt-

2- Qbnjlwnq yqîd{ldnt bm bcyqbtnt drnmk` ntã tb

d`m{bcyjb Dbq{lfldnk` kb Yq`fbtl`mnjlknk-

6- D`mtberlq rmn dbq{lfldndlôm ~rb y`kqî

t`jldl{nq n jn D`mtbjjbqln k“Bkrdndlô d`c`

Rmlknkbt kb D`cyb{bmdln (ndqbkl{ndl`mbt

ynqdlnjbt ndrcrjnajbt, ` Dbq{lfldnk`t kb

Yq`fbtl`mnjlknk d`cyjb{`t-

5- @fqbdbq f`qcndlôm btybdãfldn kb cnqlmn

cbqdnm{b-

8- Yq`c`vbq jn qblmd`qy`qndlôm n yq`dbt`t

f`qcn{lv` # jna`qnjbt ynqn cbg`qnq bj mlvbj kb

bcyjbnaljlknk-

<- @fqbdbq f`qcndlôm bm {bcî{ldnt qbjndl`mnknt

d`m jn dqbndlôm kb bcyqbtnt-

>9- Kb{bd{nq jnt mbdbtlknkbt f`qcn{lvnt bm{qb bj

d`jbd{lv` bcyqbmkbk`q | kb jn yb~rbþn |

cbklnmn bcyqbtn-

>>- F`cbm{nq bj btyãql{r bcyqbmkbk`q-

>1- Cbg`qnq jn f`qcndlôm kb j`t

bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt ynqn nrcbm{nq trt

d`cyb{bmdlnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Ybqt`mnt bm bknk jna`qnj | bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt-


N ynq{lq kb fbaqbq` kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb yqblmtdqlydl`mbt/t`jldl{rkbt` M· kb njrcmnk` ynq{ldlynm{b

` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb flmnjlwn d`m {l{rjndlôm

` M· {njjbqbt* dhnqjnt* g`qmnknt qbnjlwnk`t



y`t{bql`qbt n jn flmnjlwndlôm kb jnt yqîd{ldnt

` M· kb cn{bqlnjbt k`drcbm{njbt bm jn Uba


yq`fbt`qnk`

4->-4 Yjnm kb f`qcndlôm `dryndl`mnj-

‡ F`qcn“{7 Dbq{lfldnk`t kb yq`fbtl`mnjlknk*

[l{rjndl`mbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt | Dnqmìt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt-

‡ Mnvben7 f`qcndlôm btybdãfldn bm mîr{ldn

yq`fbtl`mnj-

‡ Bcyqbm7 f`qcndlôm ynqn bcyqbmkb#

k`qbt/nt | Y\CB-




z >46


Jn tl{rndlôm nd{rnj* d`m rmn {ntn kb kbtbcyjb`

trybql`q nj ;9" bm{qb jn yàjndlôm grvbmlj bm bknk

kb {qnangnq* m`t àjlen n {`k`t n yq`y`mbq

nd{rndl`mbt ~rb ebmbqbm `y`q{rmlknkbt bm{qb j`t

gôvbmbt ynqn nddbkbq nj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`-

Rmn kb jnt klfldrj{nkbt d`m jnt ~rb tb bmdrbm{qnm

j`t gôvbmbt n jn h`qn kb artdnq bcyjb` bt

yqbdltncbm{b jn fnj{n kb bxybqlbmdln yq`fbtl`mnj-

Ebmbqnq `y`q{rmlknkbt ynqn ~rb ndnabm kb

d`cyjb{nq {nm{` tr f`qcndlôm d`c` tr

bxybqlbmdln yq`fbtl`mnj bt rm jèq` ~rb ybqcl{b

cbg`qnq bj mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk bm{qb j`t

ntylqnm{bt n draqlq rm yrbt{` kb {qnang`-

Nkbcît* jnt bcyqbtnt vnj`qnm jnt lmldln{lvnt

k`mkb yrbkbm {bmbq d`m{nd{` klqbd{` d`m fr{rq`t

ntylqnm{bt fndljl{nmk` bj lm{bqdncal` kb

bxybqlbmdlnt | yq`yldlîmk`tb ntã rm dnclm` cît

qîylk` hndln rmn qbjndlôm d`m{qnd{rnj y`t{bql`q-

Ntã* f`cbm{nq jn cbg`qn d`cyb{bmdlnj n {qnvìt kb

jnt yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt bt jn flmnjlknk

kb YnjcnNd{lvn* | ynqn bjj` tb y`mkqî nj njdnmdb

kb jn dlrknknmãn rm dn{îjè` kb yqîd{ldnt {nm{` bm

bj îcal{` j`dnj* nr{`môcld`* bt{n{nj | brq`yb`-

4-1 Lcyrjtnq bm{qb j`t gôvbmbt jn qbnjlwndlôm kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt bm bcyqbtntyqlvnknt b lmt{l{rdl`mbt y÷ajldnt




>45z


Kltbþnq rm yqèqncn ejànj kb yqîd{ldnt bmbcyqbtnt yqlvnknt b lmt{l{rdl`mbt y÷ajldnt ~rb

d`m{bcyjb bj cîxlc` qnme` kb y`tlaljlknkbt ynqn

j`t dnmklkn{`t* nkbdrnmk` n tr ybqflj yq`fbtl`mnj

bj yrbt{` kb yqîd{ldnt7

>- Bm bj Dbm{q` kb Bcyqbtnt* kltbþnmk` rm

tlt{bcn yq`yl` kb yqîd{ldnt-

1- Bm jn Nkclmlt{qndlôm Crmldlynj* d`m yqîd{ldnt

f`qcn{lvnt yqbfbqbm{bcbm{b ynqn gôvbmbt tlm

bxybqlbmdln jna`qnj-

4- Bm jn Nkclmlt{qndlôm bm ebmbqnj* d`m

yqîd{ldnt jna`qnjbt ynqn gôvbmbt ~rb hn|nm

ndnank` tr f`qcndlôm* d`c` f`qcn kb

lmldlnqtb bm bj crmk` kbj {qnang` | nk~rlqlq jn

bxybqlbmdln qb~rbqlkn bm jn bcyqbtn yqlvnkn-

;- Bm bcyqbtnt yqlvnknt ` y÷ajldnt* m` tôj` n

mlvbj j`dnj tlm` d`m njlnmwnt d`m `{qnt

nebmdlnt kb kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj kb {`k` bj

{bqql{`ql` btynþ`j-

2- Bm bcyqbtnt yb~rbþnt | cbklnmnt*

yq`c`vlbmk` d`mvbml`t d`m jnt yn{q`mnjbt

ynqn ~rb cbm`qbt kb 42 nþ`t yrbknm

nyqbmkbq rm `fldl`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm dn{îjè` kb yqîd{ldnt d`m ` tlm

abdn* ynqn ybqt`mnt bm tl{rndlôm kb

kbtbcyjb`* ~rb mbdbtl{bm d`cyjb{nq tr

f`qcndlôm ` bxybqlbmdln yq`fbtl`mnj n {qnvìt

kb rm ybql`k` kb yqîd{ldnt bm bcyqbtnt kbj

crmldlyl` ` kbm{q` kb jn nkclmlt{qndlôm

j`dnj-

1- Ybqcl{lq rm btyndl` kb cbg`qn {ìdmld`#

yq`fbtl`mnj ynqn7` ybqt`mnt nd{rnjcbm{b bm yq`dbt` kb

f`qcndlôm-

` ybqt`mnt d`m f`qcndlôm* ybq` ~rb

yqbdltbm y`mbq bm yqîd{ldn trt

d`m`dlclbm{`t-

4- Lkbm{lfldnq btyndl`t kb {qnang` d`mdqb{`t ~rb

drcyjnm j`t qb~rltl{`t | dn{be`qlwnq j`t

cltc`t ynqn ybqfljbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt-

;- Bt{najbdbq rmn qbk kb bcyqbtnt | tbqvldl`t

~rb d`jna`qbm bm bt{b îcal{` kb nd{rndlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


Y\CB-


N ynq{lq kb cnqw` kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT


` M· kb yqnd{ldnm{bt ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt kb yqîd{ldnt ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb yqnd{ldnm{bt ~rb flmnjlwnm jnt yqîd{ldnt

tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b




` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t yqnd{ldnm{bt | jnt

bcyqbtnt kb yqîd{ldnt

4-1-> Yqnd{ldrc7 Yqèqncn kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt ynqn gôvbmbt bm bcyqbtnt blmt{l{rdl`mbt (n mlvbj bt{n{nj,

` Yqnd{ldrc7 Dn{îjè` kb yqîd{ldnt

yq`fbtl`mnjbt

` D`mvbml` RLA- Yqîd{ldnt eqnk`t | cnt{bqt

rmlvbqtl{nql`t




z >48

F`cbm{nq jnt abdnt kb {qnang` bm bj bx{qnmgbq`*cbklnm{b d`mvbml` d`m `{qnt dlrknkbt frbqn kb

Btynþn | fndljl{nq lmf`qcndlôm | nddbt` n j`t

yqèqncnt brq`yb`t Bqntcrt | Jb`mnqk` kn

Vlmdl* ny`q{nmk` flmnmdlndlôm-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fbq{nq rm dn{îjè` kb yqîd{ldnt brq`yb`

ynqn ybqt`mnt ~rb bt{ìm ` ndnabm kb

flmnjlwnq trt bt{rkl`t n mlvbj rmlvbqtl{nql` ` kb

f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj ~rb mbdbtl{bm

d`cyjb{nq tr f`qcndlôm ` bxybqlbmdln

yq`fbtl`mnj n {qnvìt kb rm ybql`k` kb

yqîd{ldnt bm bcyqbtnt bx{qnmgbqnt `

mndl`mnjbt frbqn kbj {bqql{`ql` btynþ`j-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bt{rklnm{bt ` qbdlìm {l{rjnk`t n mlvbj rmlvbqtl{nql`

| kb f`qcndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj ntã d`c` bcyqbmkb#

k`qbt/nt-


N ynq{lq kb cn|` kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

`

M· kb yqblmtdqlydl`mbt/t`jldl{rkbt` M· kb yqnd{ldnm{bt ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt kb yqîd{ldnt ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb yqnd{ldnm{bt ~rb flmnjlwnm jnt yqîd{ldnt

tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b




` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t yqnd{ldnm{bt | jnt

bcyqbtnt kb yqîd{ldnt

4-1-1 Brq`yqnd{ldrc7 Yqèqncn kb yqîd{ldnt f qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt ynqn gôvbmbt bm bcyqbtntb lmt{l{rdl`mbt (n mlvbj brq`yb`,

‡ Yqèqncn Jb`mnqk` kn Vlmdl

‡ Yqèqncn Bqntcrt

‡ Yqèqncn Bqntcrt \`rme

Bm{bqyqbcbrqt




>4<z


[bmbq jn f`qcndlôm {ìdmldn btybdãfldn kb rmn

yq`fbtlôm r `fldl` m` bt enqnm{ãn kb ìxl{` y`q tl

t`jn- Crdhnt ybqt`mnt ~rb hnm qbnjlwnk` d`m

ìxl{` trt bt{rkl`t kbtyrìt fqndntnm ` bmdrbm{qnm

klfldrj{nkbt y`q m` {bmbq jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt

nt`dlnknt n tr jrenq kb {qnang` ` ynqn jn cltcn

a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb`- Dnkn vbw cît jnt bcyqbtnt

vnj`qnm btnt d`cyb{bmdlnt | jnt bxlebm bm j`t

yq`dbt`t kb tbjbddlôm- T`m drnjlfldndl`mbt ~rb m`

tlbcyqb nynqbdbm bm bj drqqldrjrc vl{nb ybq` ~rb

qbtrj{nm frmkncbm{njbt ynqn nrcbm{nq jnt

y`tlaljlknkbt qbnjbt kb bcyjbnaljlknk7 tnabq

d`crmldnqtb bfldnwcbm{b* {qnangnq bm b~rly`*

ebt{l`mnq albm bj {lbcy`* jn lm{bjlebmdln

bc`dl`mnj… t`m n c`k` kb bgbcyj` njermnt kb

bjjnt-

4-4 F`cbm{nq jn drnjlfldndlôm | cbg`qn d`cyb{bmdlnj-




z >;9


Qbnjlwnq côkrj`t f`qcn{lv`t bm d`cyb{bmdlntaîtldnt jna`qnjbt ({qnangnq bm b~rly`*

d`crmldnqtb bfldnwcbm{b* ebt{l`mnq bj {lbcy`…,*

kb a÷t~rbkn kb {qnang`* bm{qbvlt{nt jna`qnjbt- Ntã

d`c` {`knt n~rbjjnt d`cyb{bmdlnt mbdbtnqlnt

ynqn j`t/nt bcyqbmkbk`qbt/nt kb cbg`qn kb jn

bfbd{lvlknk | d`cyb{l{lvlknk bm jn ebt{lôm

bcyqbtnqlnj7 hnaljlknkbt klqbd{lvnt* `qn{`qlnt*

d`cbqdlnjbt---


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Qbkrdlq bj kbtngrt{b bxlt{bm{b bm{qb jnt

kbcnmknt bm {bcnt kb d`cyb{bmdlnt kb jn

`fbq{n bcyqbtnqlnj nd{rnj | jnt hnaljlknkbt

qbnjbt kb j`t dnmklkn{`t/nt* cbklnm{b bj

ndbqdnclbm{` kbj ybqflj d`cyb{bmdlnj kb j`t

abmbfldlnql`t/nt n jnt mbdbtlknkbt qbnjbt kb jn

`fbq{n* cbg`qnmk` j`t d`m`dlclbm{`t*

dnyndlknkbt | nd{l{rkbt kb j`t ynq{ldlynm{bt-

1- Cbg`qnq jn dnyndl{ndlôm kb jn dlrknknmãn ynqn

tr qbnjlwndlôm ybqt`mnj* tr ynq{ldlyndlôm

t`dlnj | trt y`tlaljlknkbt qbnjbt kbbcyjbnaljlknk-

4- F`cbm{nq jn dnyndl{ndlôm ynqn d`mtberlq bj

nr{`bcyjb`-

;- D`mt{qrlq* kbtnqq`jjnq ` cbg`qnq jntdnyndlknkbt kb j`t/jnt ynq{ldlynm{bt ~rb

ybqcl{nm bt{nq kbm{q` kbj crmk` klel{nj* m`

tôj` cbklnm{b jn nk~rltldlôm kb mrbvnt

hnaljlknkbt {ìdmldnt* tlm` {ncalìm n {qnvìt

kb rmn cbg`q d`cyqbmtlôm kb jnt mrbvnt

`y`q{rmlknkbt | kb j`t mrbv`t qb{`t ~rb

yjnm{bn rm bm{`qm` jna`qnj | t`dlnj bm

d`mt{nm{b bv`jrdlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Ybqt`mnt bm tl{rndlôm kb kbtbcyjb`-

‡ Bcyqbtnql`t/nt |/` {qnangnk`qbt/nt kb Y\CB

| yb~rbþ` d`cbqdl`-


N ynq{lq kb fbaqbq` kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT


` M· kb njrcmnk` ynq{ldlynm{bt

` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb flmnjlwnm

tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b

` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb tb lmtbq{nm bm j`t 6 | >1

cbtbt y`t{bql`qbt nj flmnjlwnq

` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb tlerbm f`qcîmk`tb bm

j`t 6 | >1 cbtbt y`t{bql`qbt nj flmnjlwnq

` M· kb cn{bqlnjbt k`drcbm{njbt bm jn Uba


yq`fbt`qnk`

4

-4-> [njjbqbt kb d cyb{bmdlnt jna`qnjbt | cbg`qn kb hnaljlknkbt-

‡ Nd{lvn 7 d`cyb{bmdlnt jna`qnjbt |

bcyqbmkbk`qnt




>;>z


Jnt [bdm`jèãnt kb jn Lmf`qcndlôm | jn

D`crmldndlôm t`m rm yljnq lcy`q{nm{b ynqn jnt

t`dlbknkbt nvnmwnknt- T`m hbqqnclbm{nt

lcyqbtdlmklajbt ynqn bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` |

t`dlnj yrbt{` ~rb f`cbm{nm jn lm{bqd`mbxlôm kb jn

dlrknknmãn | t`m djnvbt bm jn yq`krd{lvlknk kb j`t

yq`fbtl`mnjbt | jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk kb jnt bcyqbtnt-

Tlm bcanqe`* bj qîylk` dqbdlclbm{` kb bt{nt

hbqqnclbm{nt | jn d`mt{nm{b lmm`vndlôm bm

yq`krd{`t | tbqvldl`t antnk`t bm bjjnt* frbqwnm rm

ql{c` kb nk`ydlôm | nyqbmklwngb cr| nj{`- Bt{b

ql{c` n cbmrk` bt klfãdlj kb ntrclq y`q njerm`t

tbd{`qbt kb jn yàjndlôm* yq`krdlìmk`tb rm

fbmôcbm` kb kbtlernjknk bm{qb jnt ybqt`mnt ~rb

klty`mbm kb jnt hbqqnclbm{nt | bj d`m`dlclbm{`

mbdbtnql` ynqn rtnqjnt | jnt ~rb m`- Kbj cltc`

c`k`* bt{n aqbdhn klel{nj nfbd{n n jnt bcyqbtnt

lmdnyndbt kb nk`y{nq jnt [LD ynqn cbg`qnq tr

yq`krd{lvlknk* kbgîmk`jnt bm djnqn kbtvbm{ngn

qbtybd{` kb trt d`cyb{lk`qbt-

Kbtkb bj yrm{` kb vlt{n kb jn nkclmlt{qndlôm

y÷ajldn* bt vl{nj dqbnq lmldln{lvnt kb f`qcndlôm

kbt{lmnknt n ynjlnq j`t bfbd{`t kb jn cbmdl`mnkn

aqbdhn klel{nj |* n tr vbw* nyq`vbdhnq jnt [LD ynqn

cbg`qnq trt tbqvldl`t* r{ljlwnmk` jnt

y`{bmdlnjlknkbt kb Lm{bqmb{* jnt qbkbt t`dlnjbt |

trt nyjldndl`mbt ynqn nrcbm{nq jn bfldlbmdln |

ndbqdnqtb n jn dlrknknmãn-

Y`q {`k` bjj`* yq`y`mbc`t rm d`mgrm{` kb

nd{rndl`mbt qbjndl`mnknt d`m jn f`qcndlôm | bj

rt` kb jnt [LD | bj f`cbm{` kb jn drj{rqn klel{nj-

4-; Yq`c`vbq jn r{ljlwndlôm | f`qcndlôm bm Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãnt-




z >;1


Ebmbqnq rm btyndl` f`qcn{lv` btybdlnjlwnk` bm[LD* d`m `fbq{n kb côkrj`t* {njjbqbt | tbclmnql`t

kb klfbqbm{bt mlvbjbt | nkny{nk`t n klfbqbm{bt

tbd{`qbt kb yàjndlôm d`m bj kàjb àgb{lv` kb

ynjlnq j`t bfbd{`t kb jn aqbdhn klel{nj | yq`c`vbq

jn dnyndl{ndlôm yq`fbtl`mnj bm tbd{`qbt {bdm`#

jôeld`t-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Klfrmklq jn drj{rqn klel{nj | bj rt` yqîd{ld` kb

jnt hbqqnclbm{nt {bdm`jôeldnt nj njdnmdb kb jn

dlrknknmãn ynqn rmn cbg`qn d`cyb{bmdlnj |

y`tlaljlknk kb bcyjbnaljlknk n {qnvìt kb jnt

[LD-

1- N|rknq n ~rb jnt ybqt`mnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt

tb lmldlbm bm bj crmk` bcyqbtnqlnj kb jn

cnm` kb jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt* d`c` cbkl`

cît bfldlbm{b | yq`krd{lv`* bm {ìqclm`t kb

cn{bqlnj {bdm`jôeld` | kb f`qcndlôm ynqn

d`m`dbq tr rt`-

4- K`{nq n jn dlrknknmãn kb d`m`dlclbm{`t b

lmt{qrcbm{`t ynqn clmlclwnq jn aqbdhn

klel{nj-

;- @qenmlwnq b lcynq{lq drqt`t* tbclmnql`t*djntbt yqbtbmdlnjbt | n klt{nmdln kb c÷j{lyjb

qbd`qqlk`7 kbtkb jn njfnab{lwndlôm

{bdm`jôeldn* nj ny`|` n ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt-

2- C`kbqmlwnq jnt nyjldndl`mbt lmf`qcî{ldnt

ynqn bj kbtnqq`jj` | tberlclbm{` kb jnt

nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt-

6- Bjna`qnq hbqqnclbm{nt yq`ylnt crj{lcbkln-

5- Ebt{l`mnq jn f`qcndlôm `m#jlmb ~rbyq`c`vnc`t-

8- Qbm{naljlwnq jnt lmt{njndl`mbt lmf`qcî{ldnt kb

mrbt{q` Dbm{q` kb F`qcndlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Dlrknknmãn bm bknk jna`qnj | ybqt`mnt

bcyqbmkbk`qnt-


N ynq{lq kb tby{lbcaqb kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT



` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb flmnjlwn

tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b

` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb tb lmtbq{n bm j`t 6 | >1

cbtbt y`t{bql`qbt n jn flmnjlwndlôm

` M· kb njrcmnk` ~rb tlerb f`qcîmk`tb bm

j`t 6 | >1 cbtbt y`t{bql`qbt n jn flmnjlwndlôm



yq`fbt`qnk`

4-;-> [bdm`Nd{lvn7 dbm{q` [LD-

‡ [bdm`Nd{lvn7 Dbm{q` [LD

‡ [njjbq kb Lmd`qy`qndlôm n Qbkbt T`dlnjbt

‡ Btyndl`t d`#u`qolme

‡ Drqt`t kb Mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt kb jn

lmf`qcndlôm | jn d`crmldndlôm-

‡ Yqèqncn Nrjn Cbm{`q

‡ Yqèqncn Nvnmwn f`qcndlôm

‡ F`cbm{` kb jn Drj{rqn Klel{nj |

clmlclwndlôm kb jn aqbdhn klel{nj




>;4z

Lcyjnm{nq rmn yjn{nf`qcn kb f`qcndlôm `mjlmbd`m d`m{bmlk`t ~rb nejr{lmbm bj cîxlc` kb

`fbq{n f`qcn{lvn `dryndl`mnj* nyq`vbdhnmk`

`{qnt c`knjlknkbt kb f`qcndlôm tbclyqbtbmdlnj

|n bxlt{bm{bt d`c` d`cyjbcbm{nqlbknk n mrbt{qn

`fbq{n-



@AGB[LV@T>- @fqbdbq rm dn{îjè` kb nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt

bm jn c`knjlknk tbclyqbtbmdlnj ynqn

nrcbm{nq tr mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk n {qnvìt

kb jnt [LD-






d`m`dbq tr rt`* nyq`vbdhnmk` j`t qbdrqt`t

kb t`f{unqb jlaqb ~rb bt{îm nj njdnmdb kb

{`k`t-

4- @fqbdbq rmn ncyjln `fbq{n kb drqt`t `m#jlmb

ynqn lcyrjtnq bj d`m`dlclbm{` kb jnt mrbvnt

{bdm`jèãnt | bj qbdldjngb yq`fbtl`mnj*

cbklnm{b ndrbqk`t d`m bj Clmlt{bql` kb

Bkrdndlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


bcyqbmkbk`qnt-



LMKLDNK@QBT




tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b







yq`fbt`qnk`

4-;-1 Yrbt{n bm cnqdhn kb rmn yjn{nf`qcn kb b#jbnqmlme

‡ Yjn{nf`qcn `mjlmb kb f`qcndlôm n

klt{nmdln kb dôkle` nalbq{` (C``kjb,-

‡ Yqèqncn Nrjn Cbm{`q-




z >;;

Qbnjlwnq nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt bm ebt{lôm kb{bdm`jèãnt nyjldnknt n jnt cldq`bcyqbtnt |

Y\CB“t ynqn jn cbg`qn kb jn d`cyb{l{lvlknk n

{qnvìt kb jnt [LD-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Tbmtlaljlwnq n jnt ybqt`mnt ~rb ynq{ldlynm bm

nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt hndln jn nr{``dryndlôm |

n jn ebmbqndlôm kb lkbnt lmm`vnk`qnt kb

mbe`dl`-1- Yq`yldlnq bj kbtnqq`jj` kb nj{bqmn{lvnt n jn

`dryndlôm y`q drbm{n ngbmn-

4- [qnangnq jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt bcyqbmkbk`qnt

kb jn dlrknknmãn kb Ynjcn-

;- Cbg`qnq jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt klel{njbt kb jnt

ybqt`mnt ynqn ntberqnqm`t rmn lm{beqndlôm `

nkny{ndlôm {bdm`jôeldn n jn vlkn jna`qnj-

2- @fqbdbq rm dn{îjè` kb nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt

bm jn c`knjlknk tbclyqbtbmdlnj ynqn

nrcbm{nq bj mlvbj kb ebt{lôm bm mrbvnt

{bdm`jèãnt nyjldnknt n jnt Y\CB-






d`m`dbq tr rt`* nyq`vbdhnmk` j`t qbdrqt`t

kb t`f{unqb jlaqb ~rb bt{îm nj njdnmdb kb{`k`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


bcyqbmkbk`qnt-


N ynq{lq kb naqlj kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT




tn{ltfnd{`qlncbm{b





` M· kb {qnangnk`qbt/nt kb bcyqbtnt

ynq{ldlynm{bt` M· kb cn{bqlnjbt k`drcbm{njbt bm jn uba


yq`fbt`qnk`

4-;-4 Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãnt nyjldnknt n jnt bcyqbtnt-

‡ Nyq`yn“{7 Dîytrjnt F`qcn{lvnt

‡ Côkrj`t f`qcn{lv`t {qnmtvbqtnjbt7

‚Nr{``dryndlô l M`vbt [bdm`jèlbt–

‡ Yqèqncn Nvnmwn F`qcndlôm-




>;2z


Jn lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj try`mb jn yrbt{n bm

cnqdhn kb klfbqbm{bt nd{rndl`mbt kb

tbmtlaljlwndlôm* klfrtlôm | yq`c`dlôm kb jn

`dryndlôm* klqlelknt n ndbqdnq jnt k`t vbq{lbm{bt

kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj (kbcnmknm{bt | `fbq{nm{bt

kb bcyjb`, bm rm cnqd` kb dnjlknk-

Jnt nebmdlnt kb d`j`dndlôm qbnjlwnm nd{lvlknkbt kb

lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj d`m jn flmnjlknk kb

yq`y`qdl`mnq n jnt ybqt`mnt rm {qnang` nkbdrnk`

n trt dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt | fndljl{nq n jnt bcyqbtnt jnt

ybqt`mnt cît nyq`ylnknt n trt mbdbtlknkbt |

qb~rltl{`t-

Bm bt{b tbm{lk` dnab tbþnjnq ~rb YnjcnNd{lvn*

nynq{b tbq jn Nebmdln kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj kbj

N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn* {ncalìm bt rmn Nebmdln

kb D`j`dndlôm nr{`qlwnkn y`q bj Tbqvldl` Mndl`mnj

kb Bcyjb`26 | `fqbdb bt{b tbqvldl` n jn dlrknknmãn

ynqn lm{bqcbklnq bm{qb j`t kbcnmknm{bt |

`fbq{nm{bt kb bcyjb` | cbg`qnq jn `dryndlôm bm

bj crmldlyl`-

26 QK >5<6/19>9 kb 49 kb kldlbcaqb* ~rb kbtnqq`jjn jn Jb|

42/19>9* kb >5 kb tby{lbcaqb* y`q bj ~rb tb qberjnm jntnebmdlnt kb d`j dndlôm-

4-2 Fndljl{nq jn lm{bqcbklndlôm bm{qb `fbq{nm{bt | kbcnmknm{bt kb bcyjb`-




z >;6


@fqbdbq mrbv`t tbqvldl`t {nm{` n jnt ybqt`mnt ~rbartdnm {qnang` d`c` n j`t `fbq{nm{bt* neljlwnmk`

{qîcl{bt arq`dqî{ld`t* bjlclmnmk` {lbcy`t kb

btybqn | drbjj`t kb a`{bjjn* {qnangnmk` tàqb jn

cbg`qn kb jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt kb j`t

kbtbcyjbnk`t* bjna`qnmk` d`mgrm{ncbm{b d`m

jnt yb~rbþnt bcyqbtnt rmn arbmn kbtdqlydlôm kb

j`t yrbt{`t kb {qnang` n draqlq-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Lm{bqcbklnq bm{qb j`t kbcnmknm{bt |

`fbq{nm{bt kb bcyjb` ynqn cbg`qnq jn`dryndlôm bm bj crmldlyl`-

1- Qbnjlwnq rmn lm{bqcbklndlôm kb dnjlknk*

qîylkn | bfldnw-

4- Qbd`yljnq `fbq{nt kb {qnang` d`m ybqfljbt

nkbdrnk`t n j`t rtrnql`t kb mrbt{qn Antb kb

Kn{`t-

;- Dny{nq ybqfljbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt nkbdrnk`t n jnt

mbdbtlknkbt kb jnt bcyqbtnt

2- Nrcbm{nq bj m÷cbq` kb `fbq{nt ebt{l`mnknt

y`q jn Nebmdln kb D`j`dndlôm-

6- Lmdqbcbm{nq bj m÷cbq` kb lmtbqdl`mbtjna`qnjbt kb jnt ybqt`mnt lmtdql{nt bm jn

Nebmdln kb D`j`dndlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* nt`dlndl`mbt*

d`jbel`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* bm{lknkbt

bcyqbtnqlnjbt…

‡ Dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn ~rb bt{ìm

kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt ` kbtbbm rmn cbg`qn

jna`qnj



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb `fbq{nt qbdlalknt

` M· kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang` t`jldl{nk`t

` M· kb bcyqbtnt klfbqbm{bt ~rb hnm qbnjlwnk`

`fbq{nt

` M· kb vbdbt ~rb jnt bcyqbtnt hnm yrbt{`

rmn `fbq{n

` M· kb bcyqbtnt mrbvnt

` " kb lmtbqdl`mbt kb `fbq{nt qbdlalknt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt d`j`dnknt bm `fbq{nt

` M· kb nr{`dnmklkn{rqnt y`q yîelmn uba

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt t`mkbnk`t/nt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt lm{bqbtnk`t/nt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt yqbtbm{nk`t/nt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kbj Yqèqncn

‚Tbjbddlôm 51h–

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kbj tbqvldl` kb

yqbtbjbddlôm | tbjbddlôm kb ybqt`mnj

4-2-> Nebmdln crmldlynj kb d`j`dndlôm-

‡ Yqbtbjbddlôm | tbjbddlôm kb ybqt`mnj ynqn

Y\CB“t-

‡ Yqèqncn ‚Tbjbddlôm 51h–




>;5z

Ebmbqnq rm vnj`q nþnklk` n j`t yq`dbt`t kbtbjbddlôm nyjldnmk` klfbqbm{bt hbqqnclbm{nt kb

tbjbddlôm kb ybqt`mnj | n|rknq n jnt bcyqbtnt n

kb{bqclmnq jn dnyndlknk yq`fbtl`mnj kb j`t

dnmklkn{`t/nt* d`m`dbq tr ybqt`mnjlknk | bvnjrnq

trt ny{l{rkbt-



@AGB[LV@T >- Bvnjrnq bj y`{bmdlnj kbj dnmklkn{`/n |

nvbqlernq bm ~rì cbklkn tb nkbdrn nj yrbt{`

kb {qnang` vndnm{b | n rm ncalbm{b kb

{qnang` kb{bqclmnk`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb {bt{ trclmlt{qnk`t/{ly`

` M· kb yqrbant yq`fbtl`mnjbt/kb

d`m`dlclbm{` qbnjlwnknt

` M· kb bm{qbvlt{nt qbnjlwnknt

` M· kb tlcrjndl`mbt qbnjlwnknt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt d`j`dnknt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt

t`jldl{nm{bt

4-2-1 Yq`eqncn Ytld`Nd{lvn-

‡ [bt{ ytld`{ìdmld`t

‡ Yqrbant yq`fbtl`mnjbt

‡ Yqrbant kb d`m`dlclbm{`

‡ [bt{ kb ybqt`mnjlknk

‡ Bm{qbvlt{nt kb tbjbddlôm y`q

d`cyb{bmdlnt

‡ Tlcrjndl`mbt* q`jb yjn|lme-




z >;8

Yq`y`qdl`mnq tbqvldl`t bm cn{bqln jna`qnj | kbqbdrqt`t hrcnm`t nkny{nk`t n jnt mbdbtlknkbt

kb jnt bcyqbtnt-



@AGB[LV@T >- Knq ny`|` n jnt bcyqbtnt (Y\CB | eqnmkbt

bcyqbtnt* y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* kb mrbvn

dqbndlôm | d`m bxybqlbmdln, bm cn{bqln

jna`qnj | d`m{qn{ndlôm-

1- Lcyrjtnq jn r{ljlwndlôm kb mrbvnt y`jã{ldnt bm

cn{bqln kb QH bm jnt bcyqbtnt

4- Klfrmklq j`t klfbqbm{bt tbqvldl`t ~rb `fqbdb

YnjcnNd{lvn n jnt bcyqbtnt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb ntbt`qnclbm{`t qbnjlwnk`t-

` [ly` kb ntbt`qnclbm{`

4-2-4 Tbqvldl` kb ntbt`qnclbm{` jna`qnj | kb QQHH-

‡ Qbk kb bxybq{`t-

‡ ‚Yq`fbtl`mnjlwn {r bcyqbtn–

‡ Jna`qn{`ql` jna`qnj

‡ ‚YnjcnNd{lvn bm {r bcyqbtn–




>;<z

Klty`mbq kb rmn a`jtn kb yq`fbtl`mnjbtdnyndl{nk`t | d`m {njbm{` ynqn `fqbdbq n jnt

bcyqbtnt d`m bj flm kb `drynq yrbt{`t kb {qnang`

klqbd{lv`t | cbklnm{b jn dny{ndlôm | bvnjrndlôm kb

ybqfljbt bjbvnk`t ynqn `drynq kldh`t yrbt{`t kb

{qnang`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Dny{nq ybqfljbt klqbd{lv`t | {ìdmld`t kb nj{n

drnjlfldndlôm-

1- Lmdqbcbm{nq jn nkbdrndlôm kb jn `fbq{n n jn

kbcnmkn-

4- Fndljl{nq jn lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj

;- Ebmbqnq rmn a`jtn kb {njbm{`t

2- Nrcbm{nq bj m· kb ybqt`mnt d`m ybqflj

drnjlfldnk`-

6- Enmnq qbd`m`dlclbm{` | yqbt{lel` bm{qb

rmlvbqtl{nql`t | bcyqbtnql`t* nt`dlnk` n

ybqfljbt kb nj{` mlvbj-

5- Bt{najbdbq nddl`mbt d`mgrm{nt kb {qnang` d`m

jn RLA* d`jbel`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* nt`dlndl`mbt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbtnt ~rb `fqbwdnm yrbt{`t kb {qnang`

d`m ybqflj rmlvbqtl{nql` |/` klqbd{lv` |/`

{ìdmld`-

‡ Rmlvbqtl{nql`t/nt | yq`fbtl`mnjbt

btybdlnjlwnk`t/nt d`m ybqflj klqbd{lv` |/`

{ìdmld`-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb `fbq{nt d`m bt{`t ybqfljbt qbdlalknt` M· kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang` d`m bt{`t ybqfljbt

t`jldl{nk`t` M· kb bcyqbtnt klfbqbm{bt ~rb hnm qbnjlwnk`

`fbq{nt` M· kb vbdbt ~rb jnt bcyqbtnt hnm yrbt{`

rmn `fbq{n` M· kb bcyqbtnt mrbvnt` " kb lmtbqdl`mbt kb `fbq{nt qbdlalknt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt d`j`dnknt bm `fbq{nt` M· kb nr{`dnmklkn{rqnt y`q yîelmn uba` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt t`mkbnk`t/nt` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt lm{bqbtnk`t/nt` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt yqbtbm{nk`t/nt` M· kb ybqt`mnt lmtdql{nt bm jn ‚a`jtn

dnwn{njbm{`t–` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t dnmklkn{`t/nt

` M· kb nddl`mbt qbnjlwnknt d`m jn RLA/d`jbel`t

yq`fbtl`mnjbt/nt`dlndl`mbt-

4

-2-; Yqèqncn Dnwn{njbm{`t-

‡ Yqèqncn Dnwn{njbm{`t Grml`q‡ Yqèqncn Dnwn{njbm{`t Tbml`q




z >29

Dqbnq a`jtnt kb bcyjb` btybdlnjlwnknt* d`m ybqfljbtyq`fbtl`mnjbt kb j`t klfbqbm{bt tbd{`qbt

bt{qn{ìeld`t | d`m cît nj{` mlvbj kb d`m{qn{ndlôm bm

jnt ltjnt-



@AGB[LV@T

>- F`cbm{nq jn `dryndlôm* jn nd{lvlknk

bcyqbtnqlnj | bj kbtnqq`jj` bd`môcld` j`dnj-

1- Nmnjlwnq jn tl{rndlôm nd{rnj kbj cbqdnk`

jna`qnj n mlvbj tbd{`qlnj-

4- Fndljl{nq jn lm{bqcbklndlôm jna`qnj bm{qb

bcyqbtnt | yq`fbtl`mnjbt n mlvbj tbd{`qlnj-

;- Lmf`qcnq | `qlbm{nq n jnt ybqt`mnt ~rb

~rlbqnm kbtnqq`jjnq tr dnqqbqn yq`fbtl`mnj bm

rm tbd{`q kb{bqclmnk`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* nt`dlndl`mbt*

d`jbel`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* bm{lknkbt bcyqbtn#qlnjbt*

| dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn ~rb bt{ìm

kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt ` kbtbbm rmn cbg`qn jna`qnj |

~rlbqnm kbtnqq`jjnq tr nd{lvlknk yq`fbtl`mnj bm

rm tbd{`q yq`fbtl`mnj btybdãfld`-


N ynq{lq kb `d{raqb kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb `fbq{nt qbdlalknt kb dnkn rm` kb j`t

tbd{`qbt

` M· kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang` t`jldl{nk`t kb dnkn

rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt kb dnkn rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

~rb hnm qbnjlwnk` `fbq{nt

` M· kb vbdbt kb dnkn rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt hnm

yrbt{` rmn `fbq{n

` M· kb bcyqbtnt kb dnkn rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

mrbvnt

` " kb lmtbqdl`mbt kb kb dnkn rm` kb j`t

tbd{`qbt

` M· kb d`j`dndl`mbt bm kb dnkn rm` kb j`t

tbd{`qbt

` M· kb nr{`dnmklkn{rqnt y`q yîelmn uba kb

dnkn rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt t`mkbnk`t/nt kb dnkn

rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt lm{bqbtnk`t/nt kb dnkn

rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt yqbtbm{nk`t/nt kb dnkn

rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt `qlbm{nknt | ntbt`qnknt kb

dnkn tbd{`q


`qlbm{nknt | ntbt`qnknt kb dnkn tbd{`q

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt kb

dnkn rm` kb j`t tbd{`qbt

4-2-2 A`jtlmbt kb btybdlnjlwndlôm tbd{`qlnj-

‡ A`jtãm kb D`cbqdl`

‡ A`jtãm Mîr{ld`

‡ A`jtãm kb [rqltc`

‡ A`jtãm Nrkl`vltrnj




>2>z

@qenmlwnq |/` ynq{ldlynq bm fbqlnt kb {qnang` bm jnt~rb {nm{` bcyqbtnt d`c` jn nkclmlt{qndlôm

y÷ajldn kbm n d`m`dbq jnt klt{lm{nt `fbq{nt | jãmbnt

kb nddbt` n kb{bqclmnk`t bcyjb`t fndljl{nmk` bj

d`m{nd{` bm{qb kbcnmknm{bt | `fbq{nm{bt kb

bcyjb`-



@AGB[LV@T >- Bt{najbdbq rmn yjn{nf`qcn kb bmdrbm{q`

k`mkb jnt bcyqbtnt | j`t kbcnmknm{bt kb

bcyjb` yrbknm d`m`dbq qbdrqt`t bxlt{bm{bt

bm cn{bqln kb `dryndlôm-

1- Y`mbq bm d`m{nd{` n klfbqbm{bt bm{lknkbt

~rb {qnangbm bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb`-

4- Lmf`qcnq t`aqb jn nd{rnjlknk kbj cbqdnk`

jna`qnj | ybqtybd{lvnt kb fr{rq`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt | dlrknknm`t/nt j`dnjbt* nr{`môcld`t*

mndl`mnjbt | brq`yb`t-


N ynq{lq kbj nþ` 19>;-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt bm dnkn rmn kb jnt nddl`mbt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt ntlt{bm{bt bm dnkn rmn kb jnt

nddl`mbt

` M· kb t{nmkt

` M· kb d`j`dndl`mbt

` M· kb d`m{nd{`t qbnjlwnk`t

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t ntlt{bm{bt

4-2-6 Fbqln kbj [qnang`-

‡ Fbqln kbj {qnang`

‡ Fbqln RLA




z >21

Ny`t{nq y`q jn lcyjnm{ndlôm tlt{bcî{ldn |

{qnmtvbqtnj kb djîrtrjnt t`dlnjbt bm jn

d`m{qn{ndlôm y÷ajldn crmldlynj kb àqnt |

tbqvldl`t* bmf`dnknt n jn qblmtbqdlôm jna`qnj kb

ybqt`mnt `drynajbt-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq jn qblmtbqdlôm kb ybqt`mnt `drynajbt

bm bj cbqdnk` kb {qnang`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

D`qy`qndlôm J`dnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT` M· d`m{qn{`t qbnjlwnk`t ~rb d`m{bmenm

djîrtrjnt t`dlnjbt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt lmtbq{nknt

4-2-5 Yqèqncn kb djîrtrjnt t`dlnjbt-

‡ Yqèqncn djîrtrjnt t`dlnjbt




>24z


H`| bm kãn t`m crdhnt jnt ybqt`mnt ~rb artdnm

rm bcyjb` bm mrbt{qn dlrknk | kbabc`t

`fqbdbqjbt j`t qbdrqt`t mbdbtnql`t ynqn fndljl{nqjbt

tr yq`dbt` kb a÷t~rbkn- [bmbq rmn lcnebm

ngrt{nkn kb tã cltc`t bm qbjndlôm d`m tr bm{`qm`

t`dl`#yq`fbtl`mnj? kbtnqq`jjnq d`m`dlclbm{`t |

qbdrqt`t ynqn d`mtberlq lmf`qcndlôm tàqb

bcyjb`* r{ljlwnmk` {ncalìm lm{bqmb{* | tàqb j`t

tlt{bcnt kb tbjbddlôm kbj ybqt`mnj | trt

k`drcbm{`t? tbjbddl`mnq b lm{bqyqb{nq jn

lmf`qcndlôm kb f`qcn nr{ôm`cn | dqã{ldn? | {`cnq

d`mdlbmdln kbj crmk` jna`qnj | kb jn mbdbtlknk kb

f`qcndlôm d`m{lmrn* tbqîm njerm`t kb j`t

ntybd{`t ~rb tb {qnangnqîm ynqn lmdqbcbm{nq |

cbg`qnq tr mlvbj kb `drynaljlknk- N tr vbw* tb jbt

bmtbþnqî n qbfjbxl`mnq tàqb j` ~rb ~rlbqbm* j`

~rb yrbkbm hndbq | j` ~rb hn|? jnt frbm{bt kb

lmf`qcndlôm bm jn a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb`? {ìdmldnt

ynqn jn bjna`qndlôm kb dnq{nt* drqqãdrjrct `

bm{qbvlt{nt? | jnt mrbvnt {bdm`jèãnt kb jn

d`crmldndlôm | kb jn lmf`qcndlôm- Kb bt{n f`qcn

tb yqb{bmkb `fqbdbq rm tbqvldl` lm{beqnj ~rb

n|rkb | f`cbm{b jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj kb j`t

dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn-

4-6 N|rknq | `fqbdbq qbdrqt`t ynqn y`{bmdlnq jn lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj-




z >2;


Ndèbq* lmf`qcnq | `qlbm{nq kb cnmbqnybqt`mnjlwnkn n jnt ybqt`mnt ~rb bt{îm bm

yq`dbt` kb a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb` ` kbtbnm

cbg`qnq tr tl{rndlôm jna`qnj ynqn y`{bmdlnq tr

mlvbj kb bcyjbnaljlknk | nrcbm{nq jnt

y`tlaljlknkbt kb lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj- Jn `qlbm{ndlôm

jna`qnj tb bm{lbmkb d`c` rm yq`dbt` kb n{bmdlôm

n jn ybqt`mn kbcnmknm{b kb `dryndlôm-



@AGB[LV@T >- Nd`cynþnq nj dlrknknm` bm tr yq`dbt` kb

a÷t~rbkn kb {qnang`* lmf`qcîmk`jb |

`qlbm{îmk`jb-

1- Bt{najbdbq rm àgb{lv` yq`fbtl`mnj-

4- Yjnmlfldnq rm l{lmbqnql` kb lmtbqdlôm jna`qnj-

;- D`m`dbq {ìdmldnt kb a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb`-

2- D`mtberlq ~rb nk~rlbqn jnt hnaljlknkbt

mbdbtnqlnt ynqn qbnjlwnq rmn a÷t~rbkn kbbcyjb` kb f`qcn nd{lvn* `qenmlwnkn |

yjnmlfldnkn-

6- Yq`y`qdl`mnq nj kbtbcyjbnk` j`t

d`m`dlclbm{`t | hnaljlknkbt mbdbtnql`t ynqn

trybqnq d`m ìxl{` rm yq`dbt` kb tbjbddlôm bm

rmn bcyqbtn-

5- Lkbm{lfldnq bj ybqflj yq`fbtl`mnj | bj v`dndl`mnj

8- Lmdqbcbm{nq | cbg`qnq bj mlvbj kb

`drynaljlknk kb j`t rtrnql`t

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn ~rb bt{ìm kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt `

kbtbbm rmn cbg`qn jna`qnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb ybqt`mnt ~rb lmldlnm rm yq`dbt` kb

`qlbm{ndlôm

` M· kb nddl`mbt kb tberlclbm{`

` M· kb bxybklbm{bt nalbq{`t

` M· kb bxybklbm{bt dbqqnk`t

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t rtrnql`t

4-6-> Tbqvldl` kb lmf`qcndlôm | `qlbm{ndlôm jna`qnj-

‡ Tbtl`mbt lmklvlkrnjbt kb klnemôt{ld` |

{r{`qlwndlôm

‡ Yqèqncn ‚[qnangn {r y`{bmdlnj

yq`fbtl`mnj–




>22z

Y`mbq bm d`m{nd{` n j`t kbcnmknm{bt kb bcyjb`

d`m jnt bcyqbtnt* qbnjlwnmk` rmn ebt{lôm qîylkn*

yqbdltn | bfldnw cbklnm{b jn lmtdqlydlôm* cbklnm{b

jn lmtbqdlôm kbj drqqãdrjrc* n rmn a`jtn kb bcyjb`

bm jn drnj tb `fbq{nm klt{lm{nt vndnm{bt kb

{qnang` kb yrbt{`t klty`mlajbt bm

kb{bqclmnknt bcyqbtnt | j`t dnmklkn{`t

yrbkbm nyrm{nqtb n jnt `fbq{nt ynqn nddbkbq n

nje÷m yrbt{` kb {qnang` `fbq{nk` bm jn cltcn-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Lm{bqcbklnq bm{qb j`t kbcnmknm{bt |

`fbq{nm{bt kb bcyjb` ynqn cbg`qnq jn

`dryndlôm bm bj crmldlyl`-

1- Y`tlaljl{nq bj nddbt` n jnt `fbq{nt kb {qnang`

ebt{l`mnknt y`q YnjcnNd{lvn

4- Nrcbm{nq bj m÷cbq` kb rtrnql`t kb mrbt{qn

Antb kb Kn{`t-

;- Dny{nq ybqfljbt yq`fbtl`mnjbt nkbdrnk`t n jnt

mbdbtlknkbt kb jnt bcyqbtnt

2- Qbnjlwnq rmn lm{bqcbklndlôm kb dnjlknk*

qîylkn | bfldnw-

6- Lmdqbcbm{nq bj m÷cbq` kb lmtbqdl`mbt

jna`qnjbt kb jnt ybqt`mnt lmtdql{nt bm jn

a`jtn-

5- @fqbdbq lmf`qcndlôm kb `{q`t tbqvldl`t |

yqèqncnt kb YnjcnNd{lvn klqlelk`t n

lmdqbcbm{nq jnt `y`q{rmlknkbt kb bcyjb`7

`qlbm{ndlôm jna`qnj* f`qcndlôm* nr{`bcyjb`*yqèqncnt btybdãfld`t kb bcyjb`* b{d-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn ~rb bt{ìm

kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt ` kbtbbm rmn cbg`qn jna`qnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb ybqt`mnt lmtdql{nt lmklvlkrnjcbm{b

` M· kb ybqt`mnt lmtdql{nt bm eqry`

` M· kb eqry`t

` M· kb nd{rnjlwndl`mbt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt lmtbq{nknt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt ~rb r{ljlwnm `{q`t tbqvldl`t kb

YnjcnNd{lvn/{ly`/yqèqncn


4-6-1 A`jtn kb bcyjb`-

‡ A`jtn kb bcyjb` YnjcnNd{lvn

‡ Yqèqncn ‚[b ndbqdnc`t n jnt

bcyqbtnt–




z >26

Qbnjlwnq jn a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb` bm rm btyndl`÷mld` kb lmf`qcndlôm | ntbt`qnclbm{` lm{beqnj*

d`m ncyjl{rk kb qbdrqt`t [LD | cn{bqlnj

lmf`qcn{lv` t`aqb cn{bqln jna`qnj* klqbddl`mbt |

hbqqnclbm{nt ÷{ljbt* nyjldn{lv`t crj{lcbkln*

yrajldndl`mbt* qbk kb d`m{nd{`t* … | k`mkb tb

qbnjlwnqîm ntbt`qãnt t`aqb bjna`qndlôm kb

drqqãdrjrct* dnq{n kb yqbtbm{ndlôm* b{d- [ncalìm

d`m{nqî d`m rm b~rly` {ìdmld` kb ntbt`qbt/nt

klty`mlajbt ynqn qbt`jvbq jnt krknt bm bj yq`dbt`

kb a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb`-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq rm btyndl` kb nr{`#rt` k`mkb y`mbq

nj njdnmdb kb j`t dlrknknm`t {`kn jn `fbq{n kb

tbqvldl`t | qbdrqt`t qbjndl`mnk`t d`m bj

crmk` jna`qnj* cbklnm{b bj nddbt` n

d`m{bmlk`t `mjlmb | ntbt`qnclbm{` bxybq{`*

f`cbm{nmk` nkbcît jn d``ybqndlôm bm{qb

ybqt`mnt ~rb artdnm bcyjb`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt-



jna`qnj



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· ybqt`mnt ~rb qbdlabm lmf`qcndlôm bm bjDLQ

` M· ybqt`mnt ~rb t`m rtrnqlnt kbj DLQ

` M· ybqt`mnt ntbt`qnknt

` M· kb {njjbqbt | tbclmnql`t qbnjlwnk`t

` M· kb ybqt`mnt ~rb hnm ynq{ldlynk`

` M· kb ybqt`mnt ~rb hnm lmldlnk` rm yq`dbt`

kb `qlbm{ndlôm `m#jlmb

` M§ kb tberlclbm{`t kb `qlbm{ndlôm `m#jlmb

` M· kb qbdrqt`t jna`qnjbt `m#jlmb r{ljlwnk`t

` M· tberlk`qbt bm qbkbt t`dlnjbt` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t rtrnql`t

4-6-4 Dbm{q` Lm{beqnj kb Qbdrqt`t ynqn bj Bcyqbmkbk`q | bj Bcyjb` (DLQ,-

‡ A`jtn vlq{rnj

‡ @qlbm{ndlôm `m jlmb

‡ Hbqqnclbm{nt crj{lcbkln

‡ Dbm{q` kb qbdrqt`t vlq{rnj

‡ Ntbt`qãn `m jlmb

‡ Alajl`{bdn jna`qnj

‡ Qbkbt t`dlnjbt 1-9

‡ Kãn kbj djra




>25z

Yrbt{n bm cnqdhn kb jn yjn{nf`qcn `m#jlmb k`mkbbcyqbtnql`t/nt | dlrknknm`t/nt y`kqîm kltfqr{nq

kb rmn a`jtn kb {qnang` (lmtdqlydlôm* lmtbqdlôm kb

drqqãdrjrc* a÷t~rbkn kb `fbq{nt | kb ybqt`mnj*…,*

rm djra kb qbdrqt`t jna`qnjbt vlq{rnj* nkbcît kb

rm `qlbm{nk`q `m#jlmb-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Lcyrjtnq jnt mrbvnt {bdm`j`eãnt bm jn

nkclmlt{qndlôm y÷ajldn* ynqn neljlwnq j`t

{qîcl{bt arq`dqî{ld`t* {bmbq lmf`qcndlôm

jna`qnj {`{njcbm{b nd{rnjlwnkn | `fqbdbq

qbdrqt`t ynqn bj bcyjb` j`t 462 kãnt nj nþ` |

jnt 1; h`qnt kbj kãn-

1- Ndbqdnqm`t n jn dlrknknmãn | c`kbqmlwnq j`t

tbqvldl`t ~rb `fqbdbc`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

‡ Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* nt`dlndl`mbt*

d`jbel`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* bm{lknkbt

bcyqbtnqlnjbt…



jna`qnj-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb lmtdqlydl`mbt n jn a`jtn kb bcyjb`

vlq{rnj

` M· kb nd{rnjlwndlôm `m jlmb

` M· kb vltl{nt vlq{rnjbt

` M· kb `fbq{nt qbdlalknt `m jlmb

` M· kb yrbt{`t kb {qnang` t`jldl{nk`t `m jlmb

` M· kb bcyqbtnt klfbqbm{bt ~rb hnm qbnjlwnk`

`fbq{nt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt mrbvnt

` " kb lmtbqdl`mbt kb `fbq{nt qbdlalknt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt d`j`dnknt bm `fbq{nt

` M· kb nr{`dnmklkn{rqnt y`q yîelmn uba

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt t`mkbnk`t/nt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt lm{bqbtnk`t/nt

` M· kb dnmklkn{`t/nt yqbtbm{nk`t/nt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb jnt bcyqbtnt

` Eqnk` kb tn{ltfnddlôm kb j`t dnmklkn{`t/nt

4-6-; Yjn{nf`qcn vlq{rnj kb `dryndlôm-

‡ A`jtn kb bcyjb` vlq{rnj

‡ @qlbm{ndlôm `m#jlmb

‡ Dbm{q` kb qbdrqt`t vlq{rnj

‡ Ntbt`qãn `m#jlmb




z >28

@fqbdbq tbtl`mbt lmf`qcn{lvnt | kb `qlbm{ndlômjna`qnj | v`dndl`mnj ~rb fndljl{bm jn {`cn kb

kbdltl`mbt n jn h`qn kb bjbelq rm qrca`

yq`fbtl`mnj* {nm{` ynqn gôvbmbt ~rb kbabm {qnwnq

tr fr{rq` yq`fbtl`mnj d`c` ynqn ybqt`mnt ~rb

kbtbnm dncalnq kb `fldl` | mbdbtl{nm

ntbt`qnclbm{` ynqn {`cnq `{q` dnclm`

yq`fbtl`mnj |/` jna`qnj-


kbtnqq`jjnq t`m7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Cbg`qnq bj mlvbj kb `drynaljlknk kb j`t

rtrnql`t

1- N|rknq n jn {`cn kb kbdltl`mbt

4- [`cnq d`mdlbmdln kbj crmk` jna`qnj | kb jn

mbdbtlknk kb f`qcndlôm d`m{lmrn

;- D`cyjbcbm{nq bj yq`dbt` kb `qlbm{ndlôm

jna`qnj

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Dbm{q`t kb bkrdndlôm tbdrmknqln* kb f`qcndlôm

yq`fbtl`mnj* bm{lknkbt ~rb {qnangnm bm {bcnt kb

`dryndlôm | n j`t njrcm`t/nt kb j`t drqt`t |

{njjbqbt kb YnjcnNd{lvn-



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb tbtl`mbt qbnjlwnknt/{ly`

` M· kb ybqt`mnt ~rb hnm ynq{ldlynk`/ m·

tbtl`mbt /{ly`

` M· kb bm{lknkbt kbcnmknm{bt/m· tbtl`mbt

/{ly`


4

-6-2 Yqèqncn Al{îd`qn-

‡ Yqèqncn Al{îd`qn ‚lmf`qcn–

‡ Yqèqncn Al{îd`qn ‚@qlbm{n–




>2<z

Knq qbtyrbt{n n jn yqàjbcî{ldn tl{rndlôm ~rbynkbdbm njermnt ybqt`mnt* d`c` jnt ~rb hnm

{bmlk` ~rb dbqqnq trt mbe`dl`t ` hnm tlk`

kbtybklk`t kb jnt bcyqbtnt k`mkb jjbvnanm nþ`t

{qnangnmk` kbalk` n jn nd{rnj tl{rndlôm kbj

cbqdnk` jna`qnj* | ~rb kb qbybm{b tb vbm

lmcbqt`t bm rmn klfãdlj d`|rm{rqn* nj m` bmd`m{qnq

{qnang` n ybtnq kb y`tbbq bt{rkl`t |/`

bxybqlbmdln trfldlbm{b ` ~rbqbq qb`qlbm{nq tr vlkn

jna`qnj |/` yq`fbtl`mnj- Tb {qn{n kb rm ‚mrbv`

ynqnk`– ~rb mbdbtl{n rmn n{bmdlôm btybdlnj-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Nd`cynþnq n j`t mrbv`t ynqnk`t bm tr

yq`dbt` kb a÷t~rbkn kb bcyjb`

1- K`{nq n jn dlrknknmãn kb Ynjcn kb qbdrqt`t

m`vbk`t`t ~rb tb nkny{bm n jnt mrbvnt

dlqdrmt{nmdlnt | n jn nd{rnj tl{rndlôm kbj

cbqdnk` jna`qnj

4- Yq`c`vbq jn n{bmdlôm lmklvlkrnjlwnkn |

ybqt`mnjlwnkn ~rb ybqcl{n kb{bd{nq jnt

dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt btybdãfldnt kb dnkn ybqt`mnynqn y`kbq knqjb bj cbg`q ntbt`qnclbm{`

~rb jb fndljl{b jn lmtbqdlôm-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@


kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt ` kbtbbm rmn cbg`qn jna`qnj



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb dnytrjnt f`qcn{lvnt` M· kb ynq{ldlynm{bt kb jnt dîytrjnt` M· kb gôvbmbt n{bmklk`t/nt` [ly` kb tbqvldl`t kbcnmknk`t` [ly` kb tbqvldl`t `fqbdlk`t` M· kb gôvbmbt d`j`dnk`t` M· kb `qlbm{ndl`mbt qbnjlwnknt` M· kb cn|`qbt kb ;2 nþ`t n{bmklk`t/nt` [ly` kb tbqvldl` kbcnmknk`` [ly` kb tbqvldl`t `fqbdlk`t

` M· kb cn|`qbt kb ;2 nþ`t d`j`dnk`t` M· kb `qlbm{ndl`mbt qbnjlwnknt` M· kb nd`cynþnclbm{`t qbnjlwnk`t

4-6-6 Yqèqncn !Yq`fbtl`mnjbt bm {qnmtldlôm!-

‡ Dîytrjnt F`qcn{lvnt7

` ‚Yrm{` kb Ynq{lkn–7 nr{`nmîjltltybqt`mnj

` ‚Crìvb{b–7 qbvltlôm kb jnk`drcbm{ndlôm mbdbtnqln* qbdrqt`td`crmbt ynqn jn a÷t~rbkn kbbcyjb`-

` ‚Enmn jn Ynq{lkn–7 lmf`qcndlôm kbjyq`dbt` kb tbjbddlôm kb ybqt`mnj

‡ Yqèqncn ‚Ny`t{nc`t y`q jn

bxybqlbmdln–




z >69

@fqbdbq lmf`qcndlôm tàqb ndqbkl{ndl`mbtyq`fbtl`mnjbt ynqn aqlmknq mrbvnt `y`q{rmlknkbt

f`qcn{lvnt | jna`qnjbt n j`t dlrknknm`t-



@AGB[LV@T

>- @fqbdbq n j`t dlrknknm`t kb Ynjcn

lmf`qcndlôm dbqdnmn tàqb bj qbd`m`dlclbm{`

kb jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt nk~rlqlknt

y`q jn bxybqlbmdln jna`qnj-

1- Lmf`qcnq kb j`t dbq{lfldnk`t kb

yq`fbtl`mnjlknk | kb jnt vãnt kb bm{qnkn |

mbx`t kb rmlôm kb jn `fbq{n f`qcn{lvn-

4- Aqlmknq jn y`tlaljlknk kb d`m{lmrnq l{lmbqnql`t

f`qcn{lv`t qbd`m`dlk`t `fldlnjcbm{bnkny{nk`t n jnt mbdbtlknkbt qbnjbt kb j`t

{qnangnk`qbt/nt | jnt bcyqbtnt-

;- Ynq{ldlynq bm jbt fr{rqnt d`mv`dn{`qlnt d`c`

bm{lknk d`jna`qnk`qn- Fndljl{nq jn

lmf`qcndlôm* jn k`drcbm{ndlôm* | jn

`qlbm{ndlôm bm bj yq`dbt` kbj qbd`m`dlclbm{`

kb jnt d`cyb{bmdlnt yq`fbtl`mnjbt nk~rlqlknt

y`q jn bxybqlbmdln jna`qnj ` vãnt m` f`qcnjbt

kb f`qcndlôm-

2- D`jna`qnq bm jn klfrtlôm kb jnt nd{rndl`mbt

kbj L^YLA | `qenmltc`t d`m d`cyb{bmdlnt bm

bt{n cn{bqln-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Dlrknknm`t/nt kb Ynjcn ~rb bt{ìm kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt `




LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb lmf`qcndl`mbt

` M· kb ybqt`mnt n{bmklknt

4-6-5 Yrm{` kb Lmf`qcndlôm | `qlbm{ndlôm tàqb Ndqbkl{ndl`mbt Yq`fbtl`mnjbt-

‡ Yqèqncn YLNY (Yrm{` kb Lmf`qcndlôm

Ndqbkl{ndl`mbt Yq`fbtl`mnjbt,

‡ Qbk kb Bm{lknkbt d`jna`qnk`qnt YLNY




>6>z

@fqbdbq lmf`qcndlôm jna`qnj brq`ybn bmd`jna`qndlôm d`m `{qnt bm{lknkbt ynqn ebmbqnq

mrbvnt `y`q{rmlknkbt jna`qnjbt | kb yq`c`dlôm

bm bj crmldlyl` kb Ynjcn-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Fndljl{nq* ndbqdnq | d`crmldnq lmf`qcndlôm

tàqb jn Rmlôm Brq`ybn* trt lmt{l{rdl`mbt |

trt y`jã{ldnt bm cn{bqln kb f`qcndlôm*

{qnang`* bcyqbtn* d`cbqdl` | grvbm{rk nj

dlrknknm` kb Ynjcn-

1- Klfrmklq jnt yrajldndl`mbt kb jn D`cltlômBrq`ybn | n~rbjjnt yq`dbkbm{bt kbj ‚Brq`ybKlqbd{– bm{qb j`t dlrknknm`t kb Ynjcn-

4- @qenmlwnq jn lmf`qcndlôm brq`ybn bxlt{bm{b

d`m vlt{nt n tr y`t{bql`q klfrtlôm-

;- D`jna`qnq bm lmldln{lvnt brq`ybnt ~rb

y`tlaljl{bm jn cbg`qn kb jn bd`m`cãn bm bj

crmldlyl` kb Ynjcn

2- Ntbt`qnq tàqb yqèqncnt brq`yb`t ~rb

fnv`qbwdnm jnt y`tlaljlknkbt kb cbg`qnq

yq`fbtl`mnjcbm{b-

6- Hndbq klfrtlôm bm{qb j`t gôvbmbt* Y\CB*…

ynqn lmf`qcnq tàqb {bcnt brq`yb`t kb tr

îcal{` kb lm{bqìt-

5- Knq n d`m`dbq jnt d`mv`dn{`qlnt kb

`y`tldl`mbt* d`mdrqt`t* abdnt* yqîd{ldnt*

v`jrm{nqlnk`t | `y`q{rmlknkbt kb `dryndlôm

bm Brq`yn-

8- Yq`y`qdl`mnq lmf`qcndlôm kb r{ljlknk tàqb

c`vljlknk bm{qb j`t ynãtbt clbcaq`t-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Dlrknknm`t kb Ynjcn ~rb bt{ìm kbtbcyjbnk`t `




LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb lmf`qcndl`mbt` [ly`t kb lmf`qcndlôm` M· kb ybqt`mnt | bcyqbtnql`t/nt

n{bmklk`t/nt

4-6-8 Yrm{` kb Lmf`qcndlôm Jna`qnjBrq`yn-

‡ Yqèqncn YLJ (Yrm{` kb Lmf`qcndlôm

Jna`qnjBrq`yn,

‡ Qbk kb Bm{lknkbt d`jna`qnk`qnt YLJ




z >61


Jn nkny{naljlknk bt rmn kb jnt dnqnd{bqãt{ldnt cît

lcy`q{nm{bt ~rb m`t bxleb bj mrbv` btdbmnql`

jna`qnj- Bt y`q bjj` ~rb jn d`m{lmrn lmvbt{lendlôm

ynqn jn cbg`qn kb jnt cb{`k`j`eãnt | bj kbtnqq`jj`

kb mrbv`t yq`|bd{`t bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb` bt rm

bjbcbm{` yqlc`qklnj kbj {qnang` kb rmn Nebmdln

kb Kbtnqq`jj` J`dnj- Bj `agb{lv` bt `fqbdbq tbqvldl`t

nkbdrnk`t n jn dlrknknmãn* tlbcyqb d`mbd{nk`t

d`m jn qbnjlknk kb jn dlrknk | bj cbqdnk` jna`qnj*

bmf`dnk`t n jnt arbmnt yqîd{ldnt | n jn

lmd`qy`qndlôm kb m`vbknkbt | d`m`dlclbm{`t-


Yrajldnq |/` bjna`qnq k`drcbm{ndlôm* cbc`qlnt*

klnemôt{ld`t* bt{rkl`t* vlkb`t* b{d-* ynqn

{qnmtcl{lq bj d`m`dlclbm{` bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb`

| mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t-



@AGB[LV@T

>- Knq n d`m`dbq n jn dlrknknmãn j`t klfbqbm{bt

bt{rkl`t* yrajldndl`mbt* erãnt | cn{bqlnj

lmf`qcn{lv` bm {bcnt jna`qnjbt | mrbv`t

|ndlclbm{`t kb bcyjb` ynqn ntã d`m{qlarlq n

cbg`qnq tr bcyjbnaljlknk-

1- Y`{bmdlnq jn dqbndlôm kb yrbt{`t kb {qn#ang` bm bj crmldlyl`* cbg`qnq bj bcyjb` |knq qbtyrbt{n n jnt mbdbtlknkbt kbjnt bcyqbtnt-

4- F`cbm{nq bj kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj bm bj crmldlyl`-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt* nt`dlndl`mbt*

d`jbel`t yq`fbtl`mnjbt* bm{lknkbt bcyqbtnqlnjbt…


kbtbcyjbnk`t/nt ` kbtbbm rmn cbg`qn jna`qnj



LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb yrajldndl`mbt qbnjlwnknt

4-5 Ebmbqnq mrbvnt hbqqnclbm{nt* yq`dbklclbm{`t | yq`|bd{`t bmdnclmnk`t n jn Lmm`vndlôm | bjkbtnqq`jj` bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb`

4-5-> Yrajldndlôm kb bt{rkl`t | nmîjltlt kbj cbqdnk` jna`qnj | mrbv`t |ndlclbm{`t-

‡ Klqbd{`ql` kb bcyqbtnt kb mrbv`t

|ndlclbm{`t kb `dryndlôm bm Ynjcn

‡ Vlkb` k`drcbm{nj kb bcyjb`

‡ Erãn kb qbdrqt`t ynqn jn a÷t~rbkn kb

bcyjb`

‡ Bv`jrdlôm kb jn nd{lvlknk bcyqbtnqlnj |

cbqdnk` jna`qnj bm Ynjcn‡ Lmkldnk`qbt kb `dryndlôm

‡ Bxyj`{ndlôm kb kn{`t bm cn{bqln kb

d`m{qn{ndlôm | bcyqbtnt

‡ ‚^rb kbcnmknm jnt bcyqbtnt h`|–




>64z

Tbq klmnclwnk`qbt kb rm bmdrbm{q` n mlvbjbrq`yb` ~rb yqb{bmkb d`mvbq{lqtb bm rm btyndl`

kb kban{b* dnynw kb `fqbdbq d`m`dlclbm{`t |

hnaljlknkbt yqîd{ldnt n yq`fbtl`mnjbt kbj bm{`qm`

t`dlnj* bd`môcld` | bkrdn{lv`* ~rb fndljl{bm jn

ebmbqndlôm kb hbqqnclbm{nt bfldndbt ynqn jn

yqbvbmdlôm* kb{bddlôm | qbt`jrdlôm kb yq`ajbcnt

bm cn{bqln kb bcyjb`-

Jn yqlcbqn bkldlôm kb bt{b D`meqbt` ~rlbqb

d`m{nq* d`m bj ny`|` | d`jna`qndlôm kb klfbqbm{bt

bm{lknkbt y÷ajldnt | yqlvnknt {nm{` j`dnjbt d`c`

mndl`mnjbt b lm{bqmndl`mnjbt-


jn tlerlbm{b7

@AGB[LV@T

>- Qbty`mkbq n jnt lm~rlb{rkbt |

yqb`dryndl`mbt ~rb yjnm{bn bj ynm`qncn

nd{rnj | dqbdlbm{b fbmôcbm` kb kbtbcyjb`-

1- Yqbtbm{nq j`t ÷j{lc`t nvnmdbt crmklnjbt bm

bj [qnang` [ìdmld` kb Bcyjb`* n j`t

klfbqbm{bt eqry`t kb lm{bqìt-

Y×AJLD@ @AGB[LV@

Bcyqbtnt* dlrknknm`t/nt j`dnjbt*nr{`môcld`t/nt* mndl`mnjbt | brq`yb`t/nt-


M`vlbcaqb kbj nþ` 19>1-

LMKLDNK@QBT

` M· kb ntlt{bm{bt bm dnkn rmn kb jnt nddl`mbt

` M· kb bcyqbtnt ntlt{bm{bt bm dnkn rmn kb jnt

nddl`mbt

` M· kb t{nmkt` M· kb d`j`dndl`mbt

` M· kb d`m{nd{`t qbnjlwnk`t


bj bmdrbm{q`

4-5-1 D`meqbt` Lm{bqmndl`mnj kb Bcyjb`

‡ D`meqbt` Brq`yb` kb Bcyjb`




z >6;




>62z

Drnkq` qbtrcbmkbj yjnm bt{qn{ìeld`



YnjcnNd{lvn

z >59

>-;->9 Yqèqncn Nj{ t{nmklme-

Kltbþnq hbqqnclbm{nt | nddl`mbt kbt{lmnknt n jjbenq n rm y÷ajld agb{lv f`qcnk | d`m

d`cyb{bmdlnt trfldlbm{bt ynqn dqbnq bcyqbtnt kb nj{ mlvbj-

‡ Yqèqncn ‚n clkn– # nj{ t{


Dqbndlôm kb rm`t yqbcl`t ~rb ny`|bm | f`cbm{bm jn dnjlknk bm jn ebt{lôm* jnt mrbvnt

{bdm jèãnt* jn lmm`vndlôm | bj bd`#d`cbqdl bm jn nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj-

‡ Yqbcl`t Jnmwn


Qbnjlwnq d`mdrqt`t kb lkbnt kb n~rbjj`t yq`|bd{`t cît m`vbk`t`t | vlnajbt bm {bcnt

bcyqbtnqlnjbt* n jn vbw ~rb d`mt jlknq | f`cbm{nq bj yq`|bd{ Brqbon-

‡ D`mdrqt Brqbon

‡ D`mdrqt \rww7 dnwn{njbm{`


Yq`c`dl`mnq Ynjcn d`c j`dnjlwndlôm kb yq`krddl`mbt nrkl`vltrnjbt* n|rknmk n jnt

yq`krd{`qnt bm jn {qncl{ndlôm kb j`t yq`dbklclbm{`t nkclmlt{qn{lv`t-

‡ Ynjcn Fljc @ffldb

>-; Ny`t{nq y`q jn dnjlknk* jn lmm`vndlôm |

j`t tbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt kb jn bd`m`cãn

j`dnj-

>-;->; Fbt{lvnj kb D`q{`t ‚Ynjcn Fljc–

Lcyrjtnq jn qbnjlwndlôm kb rm fbt{lvnj kb d`q{`t dlmbcn{èqîfld`t ynqn gôvbmbt*

nyq`vbdhnmk j`t cbg`qbt btdbmnql`t kb mrbt{qn dlrknk-

‡ Fbt{lvnj kb d`q{`t ‚Ynjcn Fl



YnjcnNd{lvn

z >51


K`{nq kb cn|`q yqbtbmdln y jldlnj jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld ynqn

yqbvbmlq jn y`tlajb kbjlmdrbmdln


‡ Qbrml`mbt d`m jn Y jldãn J`dn1-1 Ebmbqnq rm bm{ qm rqanm jlcyl *

tberq | n{qnd{lv bm jnt w`mntd`cbqdlnjbt-


K`{nq kb ljrclmndlôm nkbdrnkn n {`knt jnt w`mnt | îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kb nfjrbmdln kb

y÷ajld ynqn yqbvbmlq jn kbjlmdrbmdln | cbg`qnq jn vlkn t`dlnj bm jnt dnjjbt d`cbqdlnjbt-


‡ Vltl{nt lm tl{r


Qbdrybqnq jn Cbtn kb klîjè ynqn d`mtbmtrnq nddl`mbt* yq`|bd{`t* | yqèqncnt ~rb

cbg`qbm jn nd{lvlknk bd`môcldn | d`cbqdlnj kb Ynjcn | qbt jvbq d`m j`t qbyqbtbm{nm{bt

kbj tbd{`q jnt yqàjbcî{ldnt t`dl`#bd`môcldnt* nkclmlt{qn{lvnt | y jã{ldnt ~rb yrbknm

trqelq-

‡ D`mv`dn{`qln Cbtn kb D`cb

1-4 Y`{bmdlnq jn ynq{ldlyndlôm* jn

d`jna`qndlôm | bj d`mtbmt` bm bj tbd{`q kbj

d`cbqdl`-1-4-1 Klîj e | d jna`qndlôm-

Dqbnq tlmbqelnt d`m {qnt îqbnt kbj N|rm{nclbm{ | d`mvbml`t kb d jna`qndlôm d`m

bm{lknkbt | bm{bt y÷ajld`t | yqlvnk`t ~rb lm{bqvbmenm bm jn nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj*

t`dl`drj{rqnj | bd`môcldn kb Ynjcn* ebt{l`mnmk bfldnwcbm{b | yq`fbtl`mnjcbm{b j`t

lm{bqbtbt kb j`t dlrknknm`t-

‡ D`mvbml`t kb d jna`qndlôm



YnjcnNd{lvn

Yjnm Bt{qn{ìeld` 19>1#19>2

>55z

Dnjbmknql` kbnd{rndl`mbt19>1#19>2



YnjcnNd{lvn

z >58

DNJBMKNQL@ KB ND[RNDL@MBT 19>1#19>2



YnjcnNd{lvn



YnjcnNd{lvn

z >89




>8>z

Yqbtryrbt{` 19>1




z >81

YQBTRYRBT[@ 19>1




>84z




z >8;




>82z

Nmbx`




z >86

Drnkq kb qbfbqbmdlnt nj Yq eqncn kb Eàlbqm kbj N|rm{nclbm{ kb Ynjcn

D@CBQDL@

>1;YJNM KB KLMNCLWNDL@M \

QBVL[NJLWNDL@M

Y`mkqbc`t bm cnqdhn rm Yjnm kb Klmnclwndlôm | Qbvl{njlwndlôm kb jnnd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj | tbd{`qlnj* bmf`dnk` n jn cbg`qn kb jnd`cyb{l{lvlknk | yq`krd{lvlknk-

>

>12BCYQBMKBK@QBT \

DQBNDL@M KB BCYQBTNTLmdqbcbm{nqbc`t jnt n|rknt n j`t bcyqbmkbk`qbt | f ndljl{nqbc`t j`t{qîcl{bt ynqn jn dqbndlôm kb mrbvnt bcyqbtnt-

1

>16DNJLKNK* MM[[ B

LMM@VNDL@MNy`|nqbc`t | f`cbm{nqbc`t jn dnjlknk bm jn ebt{lôm* jnt mrbvnt{bdm`jèãnt | jn lmm`vndlôm bm jn nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj-

4

>15

YJNM KB RT@T D@CBQDLNJBT

\ T@T[BMLALJLKNK

Kbtnqq`jjnqbc`t | nkbdrnqbc`t bj Yjnm kb @qkbmndlôm kb rt`td`cbqdlnjbt kb Ynjcn nj Yjnm Klqbd{`q [bqql{`qlnj kbj D`mtbjj Lmtrjnq | n jn

Klqbd{lvn kb Tbqvldl`t kb jn D`crmlknk Brq`ybn* ynqn bmql~rbdbq bj {bglk`rqanm` kb jn dlrknk | fnv`qbdbq jn t`t{bmlaljlknk | bj fr{rq` d`cbqdlnj kbjn yb~rbþn | cbklnmn bcyqbtn-

;

>18D@CBQDL@ KB YQ@XLCLKNK

\ YBQLFÌQLD@Yqbt{nqbc`t btybdlnj n{bmdlôm nj d`cbqdl` kb yq`xlclknk | nj ybqlfìqld`d`c` bgbt kbj kbtnqq`jj` | dqbdlclbm{` bd`môcld` kb mrbt{q`t anqql`t-

2

>4>KLMNCLWNDLÔM \

FLKBJLWNDL@M NQBNTD@CBQDLNJBT

Yq`c`vbqbc`t | kbtnqq`jjnqbc`t nddl`mbt kb klmnclwndlôm |flkbjlwndlôm kb jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt ynqn lmdbm{lvnq jn vlkn t`dlnj |bd`môcldn kb jn dlrknk | fnv`qbdbq jnt vbm{nt d`cbqdlnjbt bmd`jna`qndlôm d`m jnt nt`dlndl`mbt kb d`cbqdlnm{bt-

6

>41 JLCYLBWN

Neljlwnqbc`t jn qbtyrbt{n bm cn{bqln kb jlcylbwn cbklnm{b jn r{ljlwndlômkb MM[[* dqbnmk` rm tlt{bcn kb njbq{n bm{qb d`cbqdl` | BCN\N* ynqn

fndljl{nq | qbt`jvbq rqebmdlnt kb jlcylbwn bm îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kbnfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld`-

5

111 BT[LJ@

Lcyjnm{nqbc`t cnmrnjbt kb bt{lj` bm îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt ynqn ~rbjb{qbq`t* {`jk`t* anqqbqnt* càljlnql` rqanm`* ljrclmndlôm* tbþnjì{ldn* |fndhnknt bt{ìm bm d`mt`mnmdln d`m bj hîal{n{ bm k`mkb tb raldnm |fnv`qbwdnm jn lcnebm kb jn dlrknk | tr vlkn t`dlnj-

8

114 DBQQNCLBM[@TY`mkqbc`t bm cnqdhn rm yqèqncn kb dbqqnclbm{`t ynd`t | nm{l#eqnfl{l* hnaljl{nmk` rmn jãmbn kb n|rknt ynqn bjj`-

<

11;YQ@C@DLÔM \

KLMNCLWNDLÔM [RQLTC@@fqbdbqbc`t yq`c`dl`mbt nkbdrnknt nj {rqltc` ~rb m`t vltl{n ynqnklmnclwnq jn nd{lvlknk d`cbqdlnj krqnm{b j`t 462 kãnt kbj nþ`-

>9

112 Y@JLDÃNK`{nqbc`t kb cn|`q yqbtbmdln y`jldlnj jnt îqbnt d`cbqdlnjbt | kbnfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld` ynqn yqbvbmlq jn y`tlajb kbjlmdrbmdln-

>>

116 LJRCLMNDLÔM

K`{nqbc`t kb ljrclmndlôm nkbdrnkn n {`knt jnt w`mnt | îqbntd`cbqdlnjbt* | kb nfjrbmdln kb y÷ajld` ynqn yqbvbmlq jn kbjlmdrbmdln |cbg`qnq jn vlkn t`dlnj bm jnt dnjjbt d`cbqdlnjbt-

>1

115 LJRCLMNDLÔM

K`{nqbc`t n jnt dnjjbt* yjnwnt | bgbt d`cbqdlnjbt ybqlfìqld`t kbljrclmndlôm mnvlkbþn bm d`jna`qndlôm d`m jnt nt`dlndl`mbt | yn{q`mnjbtkb d`cbqdl`-

>4




>85z

[QNANG@

>4;

FLMNMDLNDL@MNR[@M@CLDN

Y@JÃ[LDNT ND[LVNT KBBCYJB@

Bxlelqbc`t rmn cn|`q flmnmdlndlôm nr{`môcldn ynqn jnt y`jã{ldnt nd{lvnt

kb bcyjb` ynqn ~rb bt{n tb ngrt{b n jn qbnjlknk jna`qnj kb mrbt{q`crmldlyl`- >

>42 F@QCNDLÔM

Kltbþnqbc`t rm yqèqncn f`qcn{lv` kb ndrbqk` d`m jnt mbdbtlknkbtqbnjbt kbj ybqt`mnj ~rb {lbmbm jnt bcyqbtnt | j`t ybqfljbt cîtkbcnmknk`t-

1

>45 VLVBQ@ KB BCYQBTNT Y`{bmdlnqbc`t bj Vlvbq` kb bcyqbtnt d`c` djrt{bq kb bd`m`cãn dqbn{lvn- 4

>48YQÎD[LDNT BM BCYQBTNT

KBJ VLVBQ@Kltbþnqbc`t rm tlt{bcn yq`yl` kb yqîd{ldnt bm jnt bcyqbtnt kbj Vlvbq`kb bcyqbtnt-

;

>46 YQÎD[LDNT BM BYQBTNT

Fnv`qbdbqbc`t jnt yqîd{ldnt bm bcyqbtnt* m` tôj` n mlvbj j`dnj tlm` d`mnjlnmwnt d`m `{qnt nebmdlnt kb kbtnqq`jj` j`dnj kb {`k` bj {bqql{`ql`btynþ`j-

2

>4<YQÎD[LDNT F@QCN[LVNTBM JN NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM

Y`mkqbc`t bm cnqdhn yqèqncnt kb yqîd{ldnt f`qcn{lvnt qbcrmbqnknt bmjn Nkclmlt{qndlôm Crmldlynj* yqbfbqbm{bcbm{b ynqn gôvbmbt tlmbxybqlbmdln jna`qnj-

6

>;9NTBT@QNCLBM[@

TBD[@QBT BCBQEBM[BT

F`cbm{nqbc`t bj nr{`bcyjb` cbklnm{b tbqvldl`t kb ntbt`qnclbm{` bmtbd{`qbt bcbqebm{bt d`c` bt{qn{beln ynqn d`m{qlarlq n jn mbdbtnqlnqbklt{qlardlôm tbd{`qlnj kb jn yàjndlôm bm ynq`-

5

>;>F@QCNDLÔM [NJJBQBT

BCYQBMKBK@Q

Lcyrjtnqbc`t jn qbnjlwndlôm kb {njjbqbt nkny{nk`t n jnt klfbqbm{bt bknkbt

ynqn knq n d`m`dbq | y`mbq bm vnj`q jn flerqn kbj bcyqbmkbk`q-

8

>;1 D@MDRQT@T

Qbnjlwnqbc`t d`mdrqt`t kb lkbnt kb n~rbjj`t yq`|bd{`t cît m`vbk`t`t |vlnajbt bm {bcnt bcyqbtnqlnjbt* n jn vbw ~rb d`mt`jlknqbc`t |f`cbm{nqbc`t bj yq`|bd{` Brqbon-

<

>;4YQÎD[LDNT F@QCN[LVNTBM JN NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM

Qbnjlwnqbc`t nddl`mbt f`qcn{lvnt bm ebt{lôm kb Mrbvnt [bdm`jèãntnyjldnknt n jn yb~rbþn | cbklnmn bcyqbtn-

>9

>;;LMDRANK@QN KB

BCYQBTNT

Bt{najbdbqbc`t tlmbqelnt d`m jn Rmlvbqtlknk* bj Ynqd AL[ | jnt bcyqbtntyqlvnknt ynqn dqbnq rmn vbqknkbqn lmdrank`qn kb bcyqbtnt d`m jn

ynq{ldlyndlôm kbj N|rm{nclbm{` kb Ynjcn d`c` nd{`q djnvb-

>>

>;2D@MVBML@ RLA

[QNMTFBQBMDLND@M@DLCLBM[@T

Flqcnqbc`t rm D`mvbml` d`m jn RLA ynqn nyq`vbdhnq j`t b~rly`t kblmvbt{lendlôm | fnv`qbdbq rmn {qnmtfbqbmdln kb d`m`dlclbm{`t n jntbcyqbtnt-

>1

>;6DJNRTRJNT

T@DLNJBT D@M[QN[NDLÔMYRAJLDN

Ny`t{nqbc`t y`q jn lcyjnm{ndlôm tlt{bcî{ldn | {qnmtvbqtnj kb djîrtrjntt`dlnjbt bm jn d`m{qn{ndlôm y÷ajldn crmldlynj kb aqnt | tbqvldl`t*bmf`dnknt n jn qblmtbqdlôm jna`qnj kb ybqt`mnt drynajbt-

>4

>;5

KLFRTLÔM \ NTBT@QÃNBXYBKLBM[BT

D@M[QN[NDLÔM

CRMLDLYNJ

Y`{bmdlnqbc`t jn klfrtlôm cntlvn bm{qb jnt bcyqbtnt j`dnjbt kb j`tklfbqbm{bt bxybklbm{bt kb d`m{qn{ndlôm crmldlynj* fqbdlbmk` ntbt`qãn

tàqb jn yqbtbm{ndlôm kb fbq{nt-

>;




z >88

GRVBM[RK

1>1VLVBQ@/

LMDRANK@QN

Lcyrjtnqbc`t lmfqnbt{qrd{rqnt ynqn gôvbmbt bcyqbtnql`t |bcyqbmkbk`qbt* ang` nqqbmknclbm{` ntb~rlajb | d`m rmn krqndlômcîxlcn kb dlmd` nþ`t-

>

1>4ABDNT KB [QNANG@ BM BJ

BX[QNMGBQ@F`cbm{nqbc`t jnt abdnt kb {qnang` bm bj bx{qnmgbq * cbklnm{b d`mvbml`d`m {qnt dlrknkbt frbqn kb Btynþn-

1

1>; BVBM[@T

@qenmlwnqbc`t rmn Fbqln kbj [qnang`* bm jn ~rb* {nm{` bcyqbtnt d`c` jnNkclmlt{qndlôm Y÷ajldn* kbm n d`m`dbq jnt klt{lm{nt `fbq{nt | jãmbnt kbnddbt` n kb{bqclmnk`t bcyjb`t-

4

1>2 F@QCNDLÔM \ MM[[

N|rknqbc`t n j`t gôvbmbt ~rb tb lmldlbm bm bj crmk` bcyqbtnqlnj kb jncnm` kb jnt mrbvnt {bdm`j`eãnt* d`c` cbkl` cît bfldlbm{b | yq`krd{lv`*bm {ìqclm`t kb cn{bqlnj {bdm`jôeld` | kb f`qcndlôm ynqn d`m`dbq tr

rt`-

;

1>6D@MVBML@T NYQBMKLWNGB

@FLDL@Yq`c`vbqbc`t j`t d`mvbml`t d`m jnt yn{q`mnjbt ynqn ~rb cbm`qbt kb42 nþ`t yrbknm nyqbmkbq rm fldl` bm bcyqbtnt yb~rbþnt | cbklnmnt-

2

1>5 LMDRANK@QNLmt{nqbc`t n jn cbg`qn | ncyjlndlôm kbj Ynqd AL[* d`m `fbq{n ynqn gôvbmbtbcyqbmkbk`qbt* ~rb tb lmldlbm bm bj crmk` kb jn bcyqbtn yqlvnkn-

6

1>8YQÎD[LDNT JNA@QNJBT BM JN

NKCLMLT[QNDLÔM

F`cbm{nqbc`t jnt yqîd{ldnt jna`qnjbt bm jn Nkclmlt{qndlôm ynqn gôvbmbt ~rb hn|nm ndnank` tr f`qcndlôm* d`c` f`qcn kb lmldlnqtb bm bj crmk`kbj {qnang` | nk~rlqlq jn bxybqlbmdln qb~rbqlkn bm jn bcyqbtn yqlvnkn-

5

1>< FLMNMDLNDLÔM/A@JTN KB [NJBM[@T

Dqbnqbc`t rmn a`jtn kb {njbm{`t* ynqn ~rb dnyl{nj yqlvnk` yrbkn ny`q{nqjn flmnmdlndlôm mbdbtnqln ynqn ~rb tb jjbvbm n dna` jnt lmldln{lvnt kb

gôvbmbt bcyqbmkbk`qbt * ~rb y`q bjj`t cltc`t m` yrbknm ntrclq-8

1<9 BVBM[@T

Lcyrjtnqbc`t jn qbnjlwndlôm kb rm fbt{lvnj kb d`q{`t dlmbcn{`eqîfld tynqn j`t gôvbmbt* nyq`vbdhnmk` j`t cbg`qbt btdbmnql`t kb mrbt{qndlrknk-

<

[@[NJ 46




>8<z

PalmaActiva - Plan Estratégico 2012-2015

Documents

Transcript of PalmaActiva - Plan Estratégico 2012-2015