Palaeolithic and Pleistocene sites of the Mendip, Bath and Bristol ...
Transcript of Palaeolithic and Pleistocene sites of the Mendip, Bath and Bristol ...
Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelacol. Soc, 19SlJ, 18(3), 367-389
PALAEOLITHIC AND PLEISTOCENE SITES
OF THE MENDIP, BATH AND BRISTOL AREAS
RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHY
by
R. W. MANSFIELD and D. T. DONOVAN
Lists of references lo works on the Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of the area
were published in these Proceedings in 1954 (vol. 7, no. 1) and 1964 (vol. 10, no. 2). In 1977 (vol. 14, no. 3) these were reprinted, being then out of print,
by Hawkins and Tratman who added a list ai' about sixty papers which had
come out between 1964 and 1977. The present contribution is an attempt to
bring the earlier lists up to date.
The 1954 list was intended to include all work before that date, but was
very incomplete, as evidenced by the number of older works cited in the later lists, including the present one. In particular, newspaper reports had
not been previously included, but are useful for sites such as the Milton Hill
(near Wells) bone Fissure, as are a number of references in serials such as
the annual reports of the British Association and of the Wells Natural History and Archaeological Society, which are also now noted for the first time.
The largest number of new references has been generated by Gough's Cave, Cheddar, which has produced important new material as well as new studies of finds from the older excavations.
The original lists covered an area from what is now the northern limit of the County of Avon lo the southern slopes of the Mendips. Hawkins and Tratman extended that area to include the Quaternary Burtle Beds which lie
in the Somerset Levels to the south of the Mendips, and these are also included in the present list.
The first two lists were accompanied by site indexes. Hawkins and Tratman did not update these, but provided a chronological table of local sites with
references included. We include here a site index to the new references only. We have not attempted to put sites into a chronological framework.
Previous lists were compiled as conventional card indexes. The present list has been filed on the IBM 360 mainframe computer installed by the University
of Bristol in 1988. The FAMULUS bibliographic programme was used for
compilation as it facilitates sorting and indexing. The FAMULUS files were
then provided with appropriate formatting instructions and printed on an Agfa P400 PS printer for direct reproduction, thus obviating a further stage of typesetting and proofreading.
We hope in future to enter the previous lists on the computer, with the
object of providing a consolidated list of references and a comprehensive index, and perhaps on-line access.
We thank Maggie Shapland of the University of Bristol Computer Centre for transferring data to the new computer. Ann French kindly did the formatting and printed out the final copy.
368 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
Corrigenda and Addenda
The following mistakes have been found in earlier lists, and a few reprints
are also noted below:
Item
5. Date should be 1843 (corrected in 1977 reprint).
16B. Date of publication was probably 1931.
42. Reprinted in Proc, S.A.N.H.S. rt8, 21-26 (.1922).
69. A modern reprint was issued in 1973 by EP Publishing Ltd., Wakefield,
Yorks., with a brief new foreword by D. C. Mellor. A German translation
was published in 1876.
87. Title should read: 'An aeolian Pleistocene deposit . . .' (corrected in 1977
reprint).
90. Volume no. should be 21 (corrected in 1977 reprint).
93C. Date of publication was not earlier than March, 1933.
96. Second edition 1962.
123A. Date of publication was probably 1929.
125. Pagination should be 46-53 (corrected in 1977 reprint).
158. Note that this was a re-issue with a new title page of item 261.
170. Date should be 1886 (corrected in 1977 reprint).
172. Was reprinted in Geological Magazine new ser. Decade 4, 5, 569, 570 (1899).
190. Reprinted in British Caver 26, 90-96 (1955).
286. Volume no. should be 253.
287. Does not refer to local sites.
289. Date should be 1938.
290. Date should be 1942.
304. Reference is: Journal of Glaciology 20 (no. 82), 173-188.
324. Previously listed as item 103.
328. Title should read: 'Glaciation . . .'
340. This is the full reference to a paper listed, while in press, as item 269.
343. Pagination is 261-262.
345. Waginen should read Wageningen.
347. Is the same reference as 275.
Abbreviations
Axbridge //—Journal ol the Axbridge Caving and Archaeological Group (title
varies slightly, and not all volumes are numbered systematically).
Axbridge Newsi.—Newsletter of the same Group.
B.C.R.A.—British Cave Research Association.
M.N.R.C.—Mendip Nature Research Committee of the Wells Natural History and
Archaeological Society.
S.A.N.H.S.—Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society.
BIBLIOGRAI'HY OP 1'ALAEOLITIUC & PLE13TOCBNB SITES 369
ALLEN, T D 1861. [Letter on the deposits in Banwcll Bone Cave]. Weston-super-Mare Gazelle,
(24 Aug. 1861), iii. (not seen).
AMBERS. J, MATTHEWS, EC & BURLEIGH, R 1985. British Museum natural radiocarbon
measurements XVIII. Radiocarbon, 27(3), 508-524.
ANDREWS, P 1978. Westbury-sub-Mendip ST 505505. Somerset Arch. & Nat. Hist., 121, 110,111.
ANDREWS. P 1979. Weslbury Middle Pleistocene project. Somerset Arch. & Nat. Hist., 122,
121-123. Plan and section given.
ANDREWS, P 1980. Westbury-sub-Mendip ST 506504. Somerset Arch. & Nat. Hist., 123, 86, 87.
Diagrammatic section. Records "hitherto unrecognised warm and cold stages of the British Middle
Pleistocene".
ANDREWS, P 1981. Wcstbury-sub-Mendip ST 506 504. Somerset Arch. & Nat. Hist., 124, 121.
ANDREWS, P & COOK, J 1985. Natural modifications to bones in a temperate setting. Man, 20,
675-691. Taphonomic research related to the investigation of animal bones at
Westbury-sub-Mendip and other Mendip sites.
ANON. 1827. Fossil remains. Gentleman's Magazine, 97(1), 351. Refers to Uphill Cavern.
ANON. 1830. An address to the visitors a! Banwell Cave. Wells, Somerset, printed by B.
Backhouse. 12 p.
ANON. 1888. The Bekyngton guide to Wells Cathedral, and other objects of interest in the city and
neighbourhood. Wells, Somerset, J. M. Atkins. 80 p. Refers to Wookey Hole, and W. Boyd
Dawkins at the Hyaena Den, 57-.
ANON. 1917. Annual excursion, July 12th, 1916. Annual Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. Arch, Soc., 28 (for
1916), 16, 17. "[In the Badger Hote| there exists beneath the superficial debris an older deposit,
obviously of Pleistocene age, in which a flint knife and certain bones had been found in the
previous year."
ANON. 1926a. Important discoveries at Cheddar. Wells Journal, 22 January 1926. Quotes an
article in the Weston-super-Mare Mercury (Palmer, 1926, q.v. ) re excavation at Chelms Combe
rock shelter, Cheddar.
ANON. 1926b. Wells archaeological meeting. Wells Journal, 19 February 1926. M.N.R.C report
includes details of excavation at Chclms Combe rock shelter, Cheddar.
ANON. 1927. Wells archaeological meeting. Welk Journal, 25 February 1927. Work at Chelms
Combe, Cheddar. Also "at Easter 1926" a start was made with a wonderful Rock Shelter at Ebbor,
in the eastern side of the ravine, rather more than half way up llie Cliff...' (which?) pottery, a cell
and a flint knife found.
ANON. 1934. Research items. Prehistoric pathology. Nature, 134, 902. Refers to VALLOIS.
1934, in which Aveline's Hole teeth arc cited.
ANON. 1935a. Bones of Hippopotamus discovered in Wells Quarry. Prehistoric finds at
Underwood. Wells Journal, 84, no. 6 (8 Feb. 1935), 1. First account of the "Milton Hill" find.
ANON. 1935b. Hippopotamus in Somerset. Bones found near Wells. Quarrymen's discovery. The
Western Gazette (N. & E. Somerset ed.), 10,305 (8 Feb. 1935), 3. Milton Hill. Hippo bones in a
"I'illcd-up pit" at 14 ft depth. Also refers to rhino in the Wells gravels, New Street, Wells, and
mammoth found in the gravels "many years ago" near Somerset & Dorset station,
ANON. 1935c. The manager, Mr. T. B. Gill, and the chief guide, Mr. Painter, examining a
reindeer's jaws found during a recent excavation in Gough's Cave, Cheddar. Bristol Evening
World, 1,657, 7. Caption to a picture taken in the cave. Gill probably on left. Painter on right,
donkey in foreground left. Two workmen in background.
ANON. 1936. Prehistoric finds at Milton. Wells Journal, 85, no. 47 (20 Nov. 1936), 1. Second
part of the Milton Hill find.
ANON. 1937a. 12,000 years old man tells us of Cheddar's history. Weston Super Mare Gazette,
4,731 (31 July 1937), 5, 9. Photo (p. 9) shows [Cheddar Manj as newly mounted on a board by
Prof. M. Rix, flanked by two unidentified Recent men.
370 MANSriHLD & DONOVAN
ANON. 1937b. A Cheddar discovery 12,000 year-old human remains Cave-man of sub-glacial
period. Western Gazelle (N. & E. Somerset ed.), 10,433 (30 July 1937), 15. In fact refers to the
"Cheddar Man" find of 1903.
ANON. !937c. Stone age skeleton in a cave. News Chronicle, 28,466 (24th July 1937), 3.
Cheddar Man at Gough's Cave being cleaned and assembled by Professor M. Rix of Oxford.
ANON. 1937d. The finds on Milton Hill. Thrilling report on excavation. Wells archaeologists'
meeting. Western Gazette (N. & E. Somerset ed.), 10,408 (5 Feb. 1937), 11. Balch's brief report
of further finds of mammal bones at Milton Hill.
ANON. 1948a. M.N.R.C. Report for 1946. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc, for 1942-1946,
46-48. Badger Hole. Mammoth tusk, cave bear skull, flints found.
ANON. 1948b. Notes and news. Somerset. Archaeol. News!., 1(1), 15, 16. Refers to excavations at Badger Hole.
ANON. 1950. M.N.R.C. Report for 1948. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc, for \941-1949,
19-22. Badger Hole.
ANON. 1951a. A polish for the mastodon. Western Daily Press, 187, no. 30,847 (31st Oet 1951),
4. Brief note of find in Whatley Quarry; see item 75A.
ANON. 1951b. Prehistoric man had his charm. Daily Graphic. 22nd January 1951, 12. Amber
found in Gough's Cave, 12,000 years old. Also in S. Wales Argus and Worcester Evening News.
ANON. [f951cj. M.N.R.C. Summary of work, 1950. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc., for
1950 (62nd annual report), 7, 8. Badger Hole.
ANON. [1953]. M.N.R.C. Summary of work, 1951 and 1952. Am, Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch.
Soc., for 1951 and 1952 (63rd and 64th annual reports), 7-9. Badger Hole.
ANON. 1958. Mr HE Batch. The Times, 28th May 1958. Obituary.
ANON. 1969. 50,000-year-old bones found by west quarry blast. Bristol Evening Post, (20 Aug.
1969), 3. The discovery of the Westbury-sub-Mendip fissure. (NB: the edition kept at the
Newspaper Library, Colindale, does not appear to include this item.)
ANON. 1978. Prof. E. K. Tratman of Burrington dies at 79. Shepton Mallet Jl, (24th August
1978). Repeated Bristol Evening Post 25th August,
ANON. 1987a. [Excavations at Gough's Cave, Cheddar]. Geology Today, 3(6), 185. Includes
photo of human bones. Cut marks mentioned.
ANON. 1987b. Breaking new ground in prehistoric caves. Bristol Evening Post, (9 Apr. 1987), 15.
Recent finds at Gough's Cave.
ANON. 1987c. Cheddar's oldest fossil man discovery. Geological Curator, 4(9), 579. Dig in April
1987 by Currant & Stringer. 12-ycar-old child bones found, dated 12,000 BP. Possible
dismemberment of cadaver.
ANON. 1988. Cavemen calendars. Shepton Mallet Jl (28 Jan. 1988), 9. Gough's Cave.
ApSIMON, A M 1979. Ice age man on Mendip: old finds in new contexts. Proc. U.B.S.S., 15(2),
91-106. The Society's Diamond Jubilee oration. Review.
ApSIMON, A M 1986. Picken's Hole, Compton Bishop, Somerset; Early Devensian bear and wolf
den, and Middle Devensian hyaena den and palaeolithic site. Pp. 55, 56 in S N COLCUTT (ed.)
The Palaeolithic of Britain and its nearest neighbours: recent trends. Sheffield: Dept. of
Archaeology and Prehistory, Univ. of Sheffield. Brief account of the sequence with U and C14
dates.
ASHWORTH, H W W 1968. The Badger Hole. M.N.R.C. NewsL, (49), [10, 11]. Refers to
investigation by K P Oakley.
ASTON, M (ed.) 1977. Wcstbury sub Mendip ST 505505. Proc. Som. Arch. & N. H. Soc., 120, 70.
ASTON, M & BURROW, I (eds) 1982. The archaeology of Somerset. A review to 1500 A.D.
Taunton: Somerset County Council. 153 p. SEE: Cook, J. 1982; Jacobi, R.M. 1982. Reviewed by
Donovan, 1982.
HlHLKKiRAWIY OF PALAEOLITHIC & PLEISTOCENE SITES 371
ATKINSON, T C, & SMART, P L 1982. Fleet Street, Manor Farm Swallet, Charterhouse on
Mendip, ST 498.556 . Proc. V.B.S.S., 16(2), 85-91. Magnetisation direction of silt indicates
deposition <700,000 BP.
ATKINSON, T C, SMART, P L & ANDREWS, J N 1984. Uranium-series dating of speleothems
i'rom Mendip caves. 1: Rhino Rift, Charterhouse-on-Mendip. Proc. U.B.S.S., 17(1), 55-69,
AVERY, B W 1955. The soils of the Glastonbury district of Somerset [Sheet 296]. Memoirs of the
Soil Survey of Great Britain, iv + 131. BurUe Beds 5. 107.
BAKER, E E 1904. Prehistoric man at Cheddar: programme of the excursion on Saturday May
14th, 1904. Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society (Axbridge Branh), 4 p. Not
seen. Cited by Jacobi, 1986, p. 113, t].v.
BAKER, P & HUNT, J W 11952?]. The Baker Extension to the Banwell Bone Cave. Ajcbridge JI,
1(1), 20-23. Sections of cave and details of deposits.
BALCH, H E 1926a. The caves of Mendip. London: Folk Press. 82 p.
BALCH, H E 1926b. Mendip Nature Research Committee. Report for 1925. Annual Rep. Wells
Nat. Hist, Arch. Soc, 37 (for 1925), 44-46. At Ebbor, preliminary investigation of an
"unsuspected cave shelter". Beginning of work at Chclm's Combe, Cheddar. Reindeer found
beneath the post-palaeolithic layers.
BALCH, H E 1927a. Excavations of Chclm's Combe, Cheddar, Conducted under the Excavations
Committee of the Somersel Archaeological and Natural History Society 1925-1926 Taunton:
Somerset Arch. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 32 pp. A reprint made up of items 15A, 93A and 198 of the
previous lists.
B[ALCH], H E 1927b. Mendip Nature Research Committee. Report for 1926. Annual Rep. Wells
Nat. Hist. Arch. Soc, 38 (for 1926), 27-30. Continuaiion of work at Chelm's Combe, Cheddar. A
start made at Ebbor at the "wonderful rock shelter" on E side more than halfway up the cliff
(Bridged Pot?]
BALCH, H E 1928. Mendip Nature Research Committee. Report for 1927. Annual Rep. Wells Nat.
Hist. Arch. Soc, 39 (for 1927), 26-29. Details of further work at Bridged Pot. Ebbor. Start made
at Soldier's Hole, Cheddar, post-palaeolithic finds. Brief mention of Parry's work at Gough's Cave,
Cheddar.
IBALCH, H E] [1929a]. Soldier's Hole, Cheddar Gorge. Annual Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. Arch. Soc,
40 (for 1928), 36-40. Trial hole into Pleistocene layers, details of sequence.
BALCH, H E [1929b|. Mendip Nature Research Committee. Report for 1928. Annual Rep. Wells
Nat. Hist. Arch. Soc 40 (for 1928), 26, 27. Further work at Bridged Pot, Ebbor. See also Jackson
1929.
BALCH, H E [1929c], Museum report, 1928. Annual Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. Arch. Soc, 40 (for
1928), 9, 10. Acquisition by Wells Museum of bones from the Hyaena Den including young
mammoth. Woolly rhino teeth "from a hole near ihc Hyaena Den" [either Rhinoceros Hole or
Badger Hole]. Woolly rhino (oolh from New Street, Wells (see Donovan 1988).
BALCH, H E [1930]. Mendip Nature Research Committee. Report for 1929. Annual Rep. Wells
Nat. Hist. Arch. Soc, 41 (for 1929), 23-27. Further work at Bridged Pot, no detail. Soldier's Hole,
Cheddar, work "now completed". Great Cave, Cheddar [i.e. Gough's], brief account of further
progress.
BALCH, H E 1934. Dulcote quarries. Proc. Som. Arch. & Nat. Hist. Soc, 79, lix, lx. Excursion
report. Finds of Pleistocene bears and bison.
BALCH, H E 1937. Museum Report. Am, Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. Arch. Soc, 48, 14-17.
BALCH, H E 1938a. Fifty years of caving in Mendip. Caves and Caving, 1(5), 161-164. Boyd
Dawkins names the Hyaena Den at Wookey Hole ... his conclusion that man was the
contemporary of the Pleistocene fauna, 162.
BALCH, H E 1938b. Mendip Nature Research Committe Report for 1937. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat.
Hist. Arch. Soc, 49, 45-48.
BALCH, H E 1939. M.N.R.C. report for 1938. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc, (for 1938),
47-52, Beginning of dig at Badger Hole. Pleistocene mammals and "aurignacian" tools found.
372 MANsnnr.D & dokovan
BALCH, H E 1943. Wells Museum, Somerset, 1893-1943. Museums Jl, 43, 97-100. Refers to Milton Hill.
BALCH, H E 1950. Badger Hole work, 1949. Am, Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc., (for 1947-1949), 32, 33. Badger Hole.
BALL, C 1973, Stone age Mcndip. Border Caving Group Mag., 4(1), 8-12.
BARKER, H, BURLEIGH, R & MEEKS, N 1971, British Museum natural radiocarbon
measurements VII. Radiocarbon, 13(2), 157-188.
BARRINGTON, N & STANTON, W I 1977. Mendip. The complete caves and a view of the hills.
Cheddar: Cheddar Valley Press. 236 p. Comprehensive gazetteer of cave sites with grid
references and main literature references. Discussion by W.I.S. of geomorphology and hydrology.
BEASLEY, M. J. 1987. A preliminary report on incremental banding as an indicator of seasonably
in mammal teeth from Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proc. U.B.S.S., 18(1), 116-128.
BEEVERS, A K 1948a. M.N.R.C. Report. Year 1943. Ann. Rep. Welts Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc., (for
1942-1946), 14, 15. Badger Hole, continuation of dig.
BEEVERS, A K 1948b. M.N.R.C. Report for the year 1944. Ana, Rep. Weils Nat. Hist. & Arch.
Soc,, (for 1942-1946), 23-25. Badger Hole.
BEEVERS, A K 1948c. M.N.R.C. Report for 1945. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc, (for
1942-1946), 31-34. Badger Hole. First "fairly complete" human bone found; a fragment of child's
jaw had been found 2 years ago. Wolfs Den, Wavering Down.
BERMAN, E 1950. M.N.R.C. Report for 1947. Ann. Rep. Wells Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc, (for
1947-1949), 9-11. Badger Hole.
BISHOP, M J 1982a. The cave hunters. Biographical sketches of the lives of Sir William Boyd
Dawkins (1837-1929) ami Dr.I. Wilfred Jackson (1880-1978). Derbyshire Museum Service, 48 p.
Reproduces amended biography of Dawkins writlen by Jackson for Cave Science, 1966, Reviewed
Proc. U.B.S.S., 16(3), 233, 1983.
BISHOP. M J 1982b. The mammal fauna of the early Middle Pleistocene cavern infill site of
Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, Special Papers Palaeo., 28, 180 p. Reviewed Proc. U.B.S.S.,
16(3), 230-231, 1983.
BISHOP, M J 1988. A guide to archives on Somerset geology and archaeology in the Dawkins and
Jackson papers at Buxton Museum. Proc. U.B.S.S., 18(2), 306-313. Correspondence about bone
identification from Somerset sites. Lists of Dawkins' and Jackson's published papers referring lo
these sites.
BOHMERS, A 1956. Statistics and graphs in ihe study of flint assemblages II: a preliminary report
on the statistical analysis of the younger Palaeolithic in north-western Europe. Palaeohistoria, 5,
7-26. New term Cheddar Point defined, subdivision of Points Type B, with "two angles on the
back". New term Cheddarian also defined, for sites such as Gough's Cave, Cheddar. Comparison
with Dutch sites.
BONSALL, C J 1977. Gazetteer of Upper Palaeolithic sites in England and Wales. C.BA. Research
Rep., 20, 511 p.
BORELAND, K N 1985. The Quaternary gravel deposits of the lower Bristol Avon. Unpublished
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bristol. Reviews river terraces from Bath area downstream to
Avonmouth, and their recorded mammal faunas.
BOWEN, D Q & SYKES, G A 1988. Correlation of marine events and glaciations on the northeast
Atlantic margin. Phil. Trans. R. S., B 318, 619-635. The Burtle Beds assigned to "High-sea-level
event 5" on the basis of aminostratigraphy. Likely to be oxygen isotope stage 5e.
BOYLAN, P J 1967. Dean William BuckJand, 1784-1856. A pioneer in cave science. Stud. Spel.,
1(5), 237-253.
BROTHWELL, D 1965. On the accidental discovery of human material in caves and rockshclters.
Stud. Spel., 1(2/3), 135-142.
BUCKLAND, W & CONYBEARE, W D 1824. Observations on the south-western coal district of
England. Transactions Geol. Soc. London, Ser. 2, 1(2), 210-316. Burtle Beds, 309.
BUH.IGOBAFHY OF 1'AI.AEOLITHIC & P1B1STOCENB SITES 373
BULL, P A & CARPENTER, I R 1979. Scdimentological investigations of Goatchurch Cavern and
Sidcot Swallet, Burringion Combe, Mendip. Proc. U.B.S.S., 15(1), 53-74. Sedimcntological
history is discussed, and presumably extends back into the Pleistocene though no timescale is
suggested.
BURLEIGH, R 1986a. Complementarity of conventional and accelerator dating examples in
Pleistocene extinctions. Pp. 95-98 in: GOWLETT, J A J & HEDGES, R E M (eds)
Archaeological results from accelerator dating. Oxford Univ. Comm. for Archaeology, Monograph
Series, II, 95-98. Relevance of dales from Gough's Cave and other Mendip sites for latest dates
for wild horse and deer.
BURLEIGH, R 1986b. Radiocarbon dates for human and animal bones from Mendip caves. Proc.
U.B.S.S., 17(3), 267-274. Table of dates.
BURLEIGH, R & HEWSON, A 1979. British Museum natural radiocarbon measurements XI.
Radiocarbon, 21(3), 339-352. C14 dates of 34,265 for Layer 3, and of 26,650 and 27,000 for
Layer 5, Picken's Hole.
BURLEIGH, R, AMBERS, J & MATTHEWS, K 1984. British Museum natural radiocarbon
measurements XVII. Radiocarbon, 26(1), 59-74.
BURLEIGH, R, JACOBI, E B & JACOBI, R M 1985. Early human resettlement of the British Isles
following the last glacial maximum: new evidence from Gough's Cave, Cheddar. Quat. Newsl.,
45, 1-6. CI4 dates (BM-2183-2188) on horse bones of 12,240 to 11,970 indicate that human
settlement in the cave after the last glacial maximum was not later than this.
BURLEIGH, R, MATTHEWS, K & AMBERS, J 1982. British Museum natural radiocarbon
measurements XIV. Radiocarbon, 24(3), 229-261. C14 date of 36,000 for hyaena skull from old
collection from Sandford Hill cave.
CALLOW, W J & HASSALL, G L 1969. National Physical Laboratory radiocarbon measurements
VI. Radiocarbon. 11(1), 130-136. "Notional" dates of 33,240 & 38,990 bp for shells from raised
beach at Middle Hope.
CAMPBELL, J B 1977. The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: a study of man and nature in the late
ice age. Oxford U.P. 2 vol. xiv + 264; xvi + 376. Includes detailed review of a number of
Mendip cave sites. The author dug at Badger Hole.
CAREY, A E 1907. The mammoth hunters. London. Greening & Co. Ltd. xii + 306. (Greening's
Colonial Library no. 149). Hyaena Den, Wookey Hole, 42, 43; apparently circumstantial
evidence of "bone arrowheads" and flints "resting on hyaena teeth". Cf Dawkins 1863.
CATT, J A 1978. The contribution of loess to soils in lowland Britain. In: LIMBREY, S &
EVANS, J G (eds.) The effect of man on the landscape: the Lowland Zone. Council for British
Archaeology Research Report, 21, 12-20. Mendip loessic soils. Most British loess probably dates
from ihe early part of the Late Devensian, though some is older,
CHARLES, R 1989. [On new tallies from Gough's Cave] Bull, de la Soc. Prehistorique francaise,
(in press).
CLAY, R C C 1929. An important bone implement from Cheddar. Antiquity, 3(2), 344-346.
CLUTTON-BROCK, J & BURLEIGH, R 1983. Some archaeological applications of the dating of
animal bone by radiocarbon willi particular reference to post-Pleistocene extinctions. Proc. 1st
Internal. Symp. on CI4 and Archaeology, Groeningen 1981. W. G. MOOK & H. T.
WATERBOLK (eds.), 409-419.
COLCHESTER, L S 1986. The Chapter House. The Friends of Wells Cathedral. Report for 1985,
19-21. Wells Gravel beneath the Chapter House of Wells Cathedral.
COLCUTT, S N 1979. The analysis of Quaternary cave sediments. World Archaeology, 10(3),
290-301.
COLCUTT, S N 1984. The analysis of Quaternary cave sediments and its bearing upon palaeolithic
archaeology, with special reference to selected sites from western Britain. D. Phil thesis Oxford
University, 3 vol. 1325 p.
374 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
COLCUTT, S N 1986. Analyses of sediments in Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset, and their
bearing on the palaeolithic archaeology. Proc. U.B.S.S., 17(2), 129-140. Genesis of the sediments
discussed.
COLCUTT, S N, CURRANT, A P HAWKES, C J 1981. A further report on the excavations at Sun
Hole. Proc. U.B.S.S., 16(1), 21-38. detailed stratigraphic sequence and sedimentology. Mammal
fauna. C14 dates.
COLLINS, D 1986. Palaeolithic Europe. A theoretical ami systematic study. Tiverton, Devon.
Clay hanger Books, [12] + 291 + un-numbered pages. Cromerian human presence at
Westbury-sub-Mendip, 1S3 &c. Human remains from Cheddar listed.
COOK, J 1982. Traces of early man 600,000 - 50,000 BC. Pp. 5-9 in: ASTON, M A & BURROW,
I C G (Eds) The archaeology of Somerset. Taunton: Somerset County Council. Brief review
article. Evidence for human presence at Westbury-sub- Mcmlip is regarded as doubtful (but see
Wymcr, 1988).
COOK, J 1983. Research at Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, England.
Etknograpfitsch-Archaeologische Zeilschr., 24(3), 528-531. Summary in German of preliminary results of BM(NH) excavations.
COOK, J 1986. Marked human bones from Gough's Cave, Somerset. Proc. U.B.S.S., 17(3),
275-285. Malerial from old excavations. Most marks probably natural, but those on a mandibte
probably due to removal of flesh by man.
COOK, J 1989 ? Preliminary report on marked human bones from the 1986-1987 excavations at
Gough's Cave, Somerset, England. Anthropos, (in press). Macroscopic and microscopic
examination of marks on human bones indicate that corpses were dismembered shortly alter death
by persons using stone tools.
COTTER, M 1977. Bone Hole, Mendip. BCRA Bull., (17), 8,9.
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378 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
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380 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
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STRINGER, C B 1986a. Direct dates for the fossil hominid record. In: GOWLETT, J. A. J. &
HEDGES, R. E. M. (eds) Archaeological results from accelerator dating. Oxford Univ. Comm.for
Archaeology. Monograph Series, 11, 45-50. Reviews problems of supposed late palaeolithic
hominid material from Badger Hole which has proved to be post-palaeolithic.
STRINGER, C B 1986b. The British fossil hominid record. Pp. 59-61 in: COLCUTT, S N (ed.)
The Palaeolithic of Britain and Us nearest neighbours: recent trends. Sheffield: Dept. of
Archaeology and Prehistory, Univ. of Sheffield. Badger Hole human bones, formerly thought lo
be Pleistocene, are post-Pleistocene or of uncertain age. Latest- and post-Pleistocene material from
Gough's Cave and Sun Hole reviewed.
STRINGER, C B 1986c. The hominid remains from Gough's Cave. Proc. U.B.S.S., 17(2), 145-152.
Redescription and review of bones from excavations 1903-1968.
STUART, A J 1977a. British Quaternary vertebrates. Pp. 69-81 in: SHOTTON, F W (ed.) British
Quaternary Studies. Recent advances. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Westbury-sub-Mendip fissure
discussed, 73. Alveston fissure, 75. Picken's Hole, 76.
STUART, A J 1977b. The vertebrates of the last cold stage in Britain and Ireland. Phil. Trans., B
280, 295-312. Picken's Hole and other Mendip sites mentioned.
STUART, A J 1982. Pleistocene vertebrates in the British Isles. London: Longman, x + 212 p.
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STUART. A J 1983. Pleistocene bone caves in Britain and Ireland. A short review. Studies in
Speleology, 4, 9-36.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PALAEOLITHIC & PLEISTOCENE SITES 381
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SUTCLIFFE, A J 1985. On the track of ice age mammats. London: British Museum (Natural
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TRATMAN, E K 1952a. Amber from a late Palaeolithic deposit at Gough's Cave, Cheddar,
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TRATMAN, E K 1977a. A further radiocarbon date on human bone material from Aveline's Hole,
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382 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OP PALAEOLITHIC & PLEISTOCENE SITES 383
Alveston, hone fissure
STUART A J 1977a
Avelinc's Hole, Burrington
ANON 1934 BARKER H BURLEIGH R MEEKS N 1971
BISHOP M J 1988 BURLEIGH R 1986
CAMPBELL J B 1977 DAVIES J A TRATMAN E K 1924
GOWLETT J A HEDGES R E M eds 1986b GRJGSON C 1978
HALL M 1988 KENDRICK T D HAWKES C F 1931
MOLLESON T 1977 PALMER L S 1920 PALMER L S 1957
STUART A J 1977b STUART A J 1982
TRATMAN E K 1977a TRATMAN E K POOLE D F G 1978
VALLOIS A-V 1934 VOGEL J C WATERBOLK H T 1972
Avon gorge
HAWKINS A B 1977
Badger Hole. Wookey Hole
ANON 1917 ANON 1948a ANON 1948b ANON 1950
ANON 1951c ANON 1953 ASH WORTH H W 1968
BALCH H E 1939 BALCH H E 1950
BARKER H BURLEIGH R MEEKS N 1971 BEEVERS A K 1948a
BEEVERS A K 1948b BEEVERS A K 1948c
BERMAN E 1950 BURLEIGH R 1986 CAMPBELL J B 1977
DONOVAN D T 1988 GOWLETT J A 1986
GOWLETT J A HEDGES R E M eds 1986b MOLLESON T 1977
STRINGER C B 1986a STRINGER C B 1986b
STUART A J 1983
Banweil Bane Cave
ALLEN T D 1861 ANON 1830 BAKER P HUNT J W 1952
CAMPBELL J B 1977 EDGINTON W T 1886
EDG1NTON W T 1969 HARRISON R A 1979
HUNT J W 1954 HUNT J W 1967 HUNT J W 1969a
HUNT J W 1969b TUCKER J H 1965 TUCKER J H 1967
WEARE J 1953b
Banweil Stalactite Cave
RICHARDS C 1971c
Balhampton, river deposits
BORELAND KN 1985
Bone Hole, Cheddar
COTTER M 1977 COX A 1976 MANSFIELD R 1964
Boyce Hill
BORELAND K N 1985
Bracelet Cave
MASON E J 1973
Brean Down
ApSIMON A M 1979 GRIGSON C 1978 HAWKINS A B 1977
PALMER L S 1957 STUART A J 1977b
Bridged Pot, Ebbor
BALCH H E 1927b BALCH H E 1928 BALCH H E 1929b
BALCH H E 1930 BISHOP M J 1988 DONOVAN D T 1988
HARRISON CJ O 1987
384 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
Browne's Hole
TUCKER J H 1970b
Buttle Beds
AVERY B W 1955 BISHOP M J 1988
BOWEN D Q SYKES G A 1988
BUCKLAND W CONYBEARE D 1824
DONOVAN D T BADEN-POWELL F W 1963 GILBERTSON D 1980
JACKSON J W BULLE1D A 1932 KIDSON C 1977
KIDSON C GILBERTSON D D HAYNES J R HEY WORTH A
HUGHES C E WHATLEY 1978
KIDSON C HAYNES J R HEY WORTH A 1974
KfDSON C HEYWORTH A 1976 KIDSON C HEYWORTH A 1977
USSHER W A E 1876 WHITTAKER A GREEN G W 1984
Callow Hill
CAMPBELL J B 1977
Catcott Burtle
SHOTTON F W WILLIAMS REG JOHNSON A S 1975
Charterhouse Cave
SMART P L MOODY D A CHAPMAN R J 1984
Cheddar, general
BAKER E 1904
Cheddar caves
IRWIN D J 1989
Cheddar Gorge
STANTON W I 1986
Chelm's Combe rock shelter, near Cheddar
ANON 1926a ANON 1926b ANON 1927
BALCH H E 1926b BALCH H E 1927b BISHOP M J 1988
BURLEIGHR 1986a BURLEIGH R 1986b
HARRISON C J O 1987 HARRISON R A 1976
Clevedon
GILBERTSON D HAWKINS A B 1983
Cooper's Hole, Cheddar
BISHOP M J 1988
Court Hill
HAWKINS A B 1977
Cumberland Basin, Bristol
BORELAND K N 1985
Drunkard's Hole, Burrington
RICHARDS C 1971a
Dulcote quarries, near Wells
BALCH H E 1934
Ebbor (unidentified shelter)
BALCH HE 1926b
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PALAEOLITHIC & PLEISTOCENE SITES 385
Bast Clevedon gap
HAWKINS A B 1977
Flint Jack's Cave, Cheddar
BROTHWELL D 1965 CAMPBELL J B 1977
COLLINS D 1986 KENDR1CK T D HAWKES C F 1931
STRINGER CB 1986b
Freshford, river deposits
BORELAND K N 1985
Goatcluirch cave, Burrington
BULL P A CARPENTER I R 1979 TUCKER J H 1970a
Gordano, Vale of
JEFFRIES R L WILLIS A J YEMM E M 1968
dough's Cave, Cheddar
AMBERS J MATTHEWS K BURLEIGH R 1985 ANON 1935c
ANON 1937a ANON 1937b ANON 1937c ANON 1951b
ANON 1987a ANON 1987b ANON 1987c ANON !988
BALCH H E 1928 BALCH H E 1930
BARKER H BURLEIGH R MEEKS N 1971 BEASLEY M J 1987
BISHOP M J 1988 BOHMERS A 1956 BROTHWELL D 1965
BURLEIGH R 1986a BURLEIGH R 1986b
BURLEIGH R JACOB! E B M 1985 CAMPBELL J B 1977
CHARLES R 1989 CLAY R C 1929
CLUTTON-BROCK J BURLEIGH R 1983 COLCUTT S N 1986
COLLINS D 1986 COOK J 1986 COOK J 1989
CURRANT A P 1986 CURRANT A P 1987
CURRANT A P JACOBI R M STRINGER C B 1989
DAV1ES H N 1910 DONOVAN D T 1985
G1LLESPIE R GOWLETT J A HALL E T HEDGES M PERRY C 1985
GOWLETT J A 1986
GOWLETT J A HALL E T HEDGES R M PERRY C 1986
GOWLETT J A HEDGES R E M 1986a
GOWLETT J A HEDGES R E M eds 1986b GRIGSON C 1978
HARRISON C J O 1986 HARRISON C J 0 1987
IRWIN D J 1986 JACOBI E B 1986 JACOBI R M 1983
JACOBI R M 1986a JACOBI R M 1986b
JACOBI R M 1986c JACOBI R M 1988
KENDRICK T D HAWKES C F 1931 KEYS D 1987
LEROI-GOURHAN A 1986
LEROI-GOURHAN A JACOBI R M 1986 MOLLESON T 1977
PALMER L S 1957 PARKIN R A 1984
PARKIN R A ROWLEY-CONWY P SERJEANTSON D 1986
PRENTICE T 1987 STRINGER C B 1986b
STRINGER C B 1986c STUART A J 1982
STUART A J 1983 SYKES C M 1956 TABRETT I 1987
TABRETT I 1988 TRATMAN E K 1952a
TRATMAN E K 1952b TRATMAN E K 1978a
Gough's Old Cave, Cheddar
BURLEIGH R 1986
GOWLETT J A HALL E T HEDGES R M PERRY C 1986
GOWLETT J A HEDGES R E M eds 1986b
Grc.u Oone's Hole, Cheddar
CAMPBELL JB 1977
386 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
Grcylake, Middlezoy
BISHOP M J 1988 K1DS0N C GILBERTSON D D
HAYNES J R HEYWORTH A HUGHES C E WHATLEY R C 1978
Hay Wood Cave
RICHARDS C 1971b
Herrtot's Bridge
CAMPBELL JB 1977
Hill Farm, Burtle
OTLETRL 1977
Holly Lane, Clcvedon
HAWKINS A B 1977
Hutton Done Cave
BOYLAN P J 1967 RICHARDS C 3970
Hyaena Den, Wookey Hole
ANON 1888 ApSIMON A M 1979 BALCH H E 1929c
BALCH H E 1938a BISHOP M J 1988 BOYLAN P J 1967
CAMPBELL J B 1977 CAREY A E 1907
COULSON S D 1986 DAWKINS W B 1863
DAWKENS W B 1866 DAWKINS W B 1870
DONOVAN D T 1988 DRAKE F 1859 HURRY A E 1913
STUART A J 1977b STUART A J 1983 WYMER J 1988
Kenn
GILBERTSON D HAWKINS A B 1978 HUNT C O 1981
Keward Gravel
DONOVAN D T 1988
Lam bridge, river terrace
BORELAND K N 1985
Larkhall gravel pit
BORELAND K N 1985
Lime Kiln Hill Quarry, Meils
VRANCH RD 1981
Limpley Sioke, river terrace
BORELAND K N 1985
Lion Cave, Ebbor
DONOVAN DT 1988
Long Hole, Cheddar
TRATMAN E K 1966
Loxbrook, near Bath
BORELAND K N 1985
Lyncombc, river terrace
BORELANDKN 1985
Manor Farm Swallet
ATKINSON T C SMART P L 1982
BIBLtOCiRAPHY 01' PALAEOLITHIC & PLEISTOCENE SITES 387
Mells, Lime Kiln Hill Quarry
VRANCHRD 1981
Mells River Sink
STANTON W I 1982
Mendip sites
EVANS J G 1975
Middle Hope (raised beach}
CALLOW W J HASSALL C L 1969
GILBERTSON D HAWKINS A B 1977
Middlezoy
HUNT C O CLARK G 1984
Milton Hill, Wells
ANON 1935a ANON 1935b ANON 1936 ANON 1937d
BALCH H E 1943 BISHOP M J 1988 DONOVAN D T 1988
Moat House Farm
HAWKINS A B 1977
Morefleld, river lerrace
BORELAND K N 1985
Newton St Loe, river deposits
BORELAND KN 1985
Penzoy Farm
KIDSON C BECK R B GILBERTSON D 1981
Pickcn's Hole
ApSlMON A M 1979 ApSlMON A M 1986
BURLEIGH R 1986 BURLEIGH R AMBERS J MATTHEWS K 1984
BURLEIGH R HEWSON A 1979 MOLLESON T 1977
STUART A J 1977a STUART A J 1977b
STUART A J 1982 STUART A J 1983
Priddy, surface finds
HACK B 1985
Raised beach
CALLOW W J HASSALL G L 1969
GILBERTSON D HAWKINS A B 1977
Rhinoceros Hole
BALCH H E 1929c DONOVAN D T 1988
TRATMAN E K 1977c WYMER J 1988
Rhino Rift
ATKINSON T C SMART P L ANDREWS J N 1984
Rickford Channel
HAWKINS A B 1977
River terraces
BORELAND K N 1985
388 MANSFIELD & DONOVAN
Rowbeirow Cavern
DAVIES J A TRATMAN E K 1924
Sallford, river terrace
BORELAND K N 1985
Sandford Hill
BURLEIGH R 1986 BURLEIGH R MATTHEWS K AMBERS J 1982
Sand Bay
HAWKINS A B 1977
Sidcot Swallei, Burrington
BULL P A CARPENTER 1 R 1979
Soldier's Hole, Cheddar
AMBERS J MATTHEWS K BURLEIGH R 1985 BALCH H E 1928
BALCH H E 1929a BALCH H E 1930 BISHOP M J 1988
BURLEIGH R 1986 CAMPBELL J B 1977
CURRANT A P 1987
GOWLETT J A HEDGES R E M eds 1986b
HARRISON C J 0 1987 HARRISON C J O 1988
KENDRICK T D HAWKES C F 1931 STUART A J 1983
Sun Hole, Cheddar
BARKER H BURLEIGH R MEEKS N 1971 BISHOP M J 1988
BURLEIGH R 1986 CAMPBELL J B 1977
COLCUTT S N CURRANT A P HAWKES C J 1981
CURRANT A P 1987 ELLIS C 1983 GOWLETT J A 1986
GOWLETT J A HEDGES REMcds 1986b GR1GSON C 1978
MOLLESON T 1977 STRINGER C B 1986b
STUART A J 1983
Swiss Valley
HAWKINS A B 1977
Tickenham area
GILBERTSON D HAWKINS A B 1983 HAWKINS A B 1977
Triple H Cave
WEAREJ 1953a
Trym gorge, Weslbury-on-Trym
HAWKINS A B 1977
Twerton, Victoria Pit
BORELAND K N 1985
Unidentified shelter, Ebbor
BALCH H E 1926b
Uphill caves
ANON 1827 HARRISON R A 1977
MORGAN C L el al 1900 MORGAN C L et al 1901
MORGAN C L et al 1902 ROWLAND-HOSBONS S 1923
Vale of Gordano
JEFFRIES R L WILLIS A J YEMM E M 1968
WBLIOGHAI'HY OF PALAEOLITHIC & PIEISTOCBKB SITES 389
Victoria Pit, Twerton
BORELAND K N 1985
Walton valley
HAWKINS AB 1977
Wells Gravel
ANON 1935b BALCH H E 1929c COLCHESTER L S 1986
DONOVAN DT 1988
Weslbury-sub-Mcitdip, bone fissure
ANDREWS P 1978 ANDREWS P 1979 ANDREWS P 1980
ANDREWS P 1981 ANON 1969 ASTON M cd 1977
BISHOP M J 1982b COLLINS D 1986 COOK J 1982
COOK J 1983 CURRANT A P 1986 HAWKES C J 1977
STANTON W I 1973 STUART A J 1977a
STUART A J 1982 STUART A J 1983
SUTCLIFFE A J 1975 SUTCLIFFE A J 1985
TRATMAN E K 1976 TRATMAN E K 1977b
TRATMAN E K 1978b WYMER I 1986 WYMER J 1988
Whailey Quarry, fissure deposits
ANON 1951a
Wolfs Den
ANON 1948a BEEVERS A K 1948c CURRANT A P 1987
Wookey Station Gravel
DONOVAN D T 1988 MACKLIN M G HUNT C O 1988
Work-bury Hill
SAVAGE R J G RICHARDS C 1980
R. W, Mansfield, Downhead Cottage. Downhead, Shepton Mallet,
Somerset BA4 4LG, U.K.
Prof. D. T. Donovan, Depi. of Geology, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, U.K.