Palaeognathae Tinamiformes - tinamous Ratitae (or ...biology-web.nmsu.edu/~houde/Traditional...
Transcript of Palaeognathae Tinamiformes - tinamous Ratitae (or ...biology-web.nmsu.edu/~houde/Traditional...
PalaeognathaeTinamiformes - tinamousRatitae (or Struthioniformes)
Struthioniformes - ostrichesRheiformes - rheasCasuariiformes - cassowaries and emusApterygiformes - kiwisAepyornithiformes - elephant birdsDinornithiformes - moas
Characteristics:paleognathous palateopen ilioischiadic foramen of pelvisrhamphothecal groovemale parental care, polygamy, polyandry, polygynysouthern distribution (currently)weak flight or flightless (currently)
Paleognathous palate and rhamphothecal grooves
ilioischidic foramen
closed
open
Tinamiformes - tinamous~45 spp. Central and South America
Examples of tinamou eggs
Struthioniformes - ostrich 1 sp. Africadidactyl, sexually dimorphic
Rheiformes - rheas 3 spp. South Americatridactylup to 60 eggs per clutchruns 60 kph
Casuariiformes Casuariidaecassowaries, 3 sppNew Guinea and Australia, tridactylwattles, casque, spiked inner toemonomorphicforest dwellers
Casuariiformes - DromaiidaeEmus 1 sp. Australiatridactyl, slightly dimorphicgregarious, good tempered
Apterygiformes - kiwis, 3 spp. forests of New Zealandmacrosmatic, poor eyesight, wisker-like oral rictae, nocturnal, hind toe
MonogamousNests in burrows1, rarely 2, eggs per clutch
Distal rhynchokinesisNostril located at tip of bill
Largest egg per body size of all birds
AepyornithidaeElephantbirdsMadagascarextinct
DinornithiformesMoasNew Zealandextinct
NeognathaeGalloanserae
Galliformes - fowlAnseriformes - waterfowl
Neoaves -all other birds
Cracidae - curassows ~38 spp. Central and South America, arboreal
Cracidae - also chachalacas and guans
GalliformesMegapodiidae - mound-builders11 spp, Australia, Malaysiamonomorphicsome with wattels and casquesno incubation, no parental care
Numinidae - guinea fowl7 spp Africa, Madagascarmonomorphic, casques, wattlesgregarious, savannahs
Phasianidae~200 spp. cosmopolitanstrongly sexually dimorphic
Phasianinae - pheasants
Phasianidae - also quail
Tetraoninae - grouse
Meleagrinae - turkeys
AnseriformesAnhimidae -screamers3 spp. South America, wetlandsfowl-like billspurred wings, very lightweight
AnseriformesAnseranatidae - magpie goose, 1 spp, Australia, semipalmate
Anseriformes Dendrocygnidae - whistling ducks, 8 spp, pantropical
AnseriformesAnatidae - ducks, geese, swans
Tachyeres -steamer ducks
Cairininae - perching ducks
Oxyurinae - Stifftail ducks
Aythyinae -pochards
Merginae - mergansers
Tadorninae - shelldrakes
and sea ducks
Anserinae - geese
Anatinae - dabbling ducks
Cygninae - swansMerganetinae - torrent ducks