Pakistan, Democracy Pakistan, Democracy and Me and Me

Qulb E AbbasQulb E Abbas

The Birth…The Birth…

The IdeologyThe Ideology Two Nation TheoryTwo Nation Theory Islamic System of PracticeIslamic System of Practice Civil Rights and JusticeCivil Rights and Justice

The General ConceptThe General Concept Development and DemocracyDevelopment and Democracy Will, Voice, ActionWill, Voice, Action

The GroomingThe Grooming

Migration and DichotomyMigration and Dichotomy The Two Formidable AuntsThe Two Formidable Aunts

Migrant Led ExecutivesMigrant Led Executives Constitutional AssembliesConstitutional Assemblies

Continual Rifts and PracticesContinual Rifts and Practices Govt. Rule Through Higher BureaucracyGovt. Rule Through Higher Bureaucracy Local strength growing popularLocal strength growing popular Ethnic intoleranceEthnic intolerance

Regional FactorsRegional Factors

Lack of Institutionalization Lack of Institutionalization Developed Institutes Handed to Developed Institutes Handed to

NeighborsNeighbors Struggle to Adopt and FrameStruggle to Adopt and Frame

Islamic Sharia vs. Secularism Islamic Sharia vs. Secularism (what (what School to join)School to join) Ulama backed ShariaUlama backed Sharia

The Army…The Army…

The Awakening of Grumpy GrandpaThe Awakening of Grumpy Grandpa Gain of Power (The savior)Gain of Power (The savior)

(Democracy acting naughty)(Democracy acting naughty) 1948, 1965, 19711948, 1965, 1971 The cause of KashmirThe cause of Kashmir General Acceptance (Opportunism)General Acceptance (Opportunism) Issue of National SecurityIssue of National Security

The Marshal Laws (Democracy The Marshal Laws (Democracy Grounded):Grounded):

One Man power CentreOne Man power Centre

The Constitution and DemocracyThe Constitution and Democracy

The Montessori for DemocracyThe Montessori for Democracy Constitution necessary for developmentConstitution necessary for development

Myron Weiner’s Four Block Puzzle:Myron Weiner’s Four Block Puzzle: Competitive ElectionsCompetitive Elections Operational Freedom for ContendersOperational Freedom for Contenders Acceptance of resultsAcceptance of results Exercise of Power (couldn’t figure this Exercise of Power (couldn’t figure this

one out)one out)

The Question?The Question?

Why does Democracy fail?Why does Democracy fail?

Analysis of Power StructuresAnalysis of Power Structures

Involvement of Armed Forces (the Involvement of Armed Forces (the Big Mafia)Big Mafia) Threat to National SecurityThreat to National Security Sky Rocketing Defense BudgetsSky Rocketing Defense Budgets

Analysis of Power Structures (cont)Analysis of Power Structures (cont)

Pyramid Structured RulePyramid Structured Rule Presidential System Presidential System

Constitutional EngineeringConstitutional Engineering UnaccountabilityUnaccountability

Armed Forces above the LawArmed Forces above the Law

Engineered Public SupportEngineered Public Support Ayub -> DevelopmentAyub -> Development Zia -> ReligionZia -> Religion Musharraf -> AccountabilityMusharraf -> Accountability

Post Marshal Law Civilian LeadersPost Marshal Law Civilian Leaders BhuttoBhutto NawazNawaz Democratic Dictatorship (present)Democratic Dictatorship (present)

Analysis of Power Structures (cont)Analysis of Power Structures (cont)

Thank youThank you