Pak USSR Relation

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    Effort by :Musharaf Hussain

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    After the independent

    Geographical Importance

    Plenty of resources

    Super power

    USSR want to access the warm water.

    The Soviet Union was keen to develop its

    friendly relation with Pakistan.

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    Liaquat Ali khan Era the relation

    with USSR

    Invitation of USSR to visit Moscow.

    US invitation to visit Washington.

    Reaction of Soviet government due to reject the

    invitation.

    Soviet government openly proclaimed that

    Kashmir was an integral part of the India.

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    Iskander Mirza Era the relation with

    USSR

    To develop the close relation with Pakistan the

    USSR offered technical and economic assistance

    Offered of the atomic energy for the peaceful use

    Building a steel mill.

    In the same year the deputy P.M came to Pakistan.

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    Problem of Kashmir should be decided by the

    will of the people openly declared by the

    Soviet government.

    But Pakistan kept showing a cold shoulder to

    USSR.

    SEATO join in 1954 and CENTO join in 1955

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    Ayub Khan Era the relation with USSR Allowed the US to use the air base.

    A air craft U-2 which took off from Peshawar in May

    1960 was detected by the Soviet radar which was

    shot down and pilot was arrested.

    Russian P.M khrushchece threatened that Sovietgovernment take a strict action against Pakistan.

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    In 1961 a ray of hope for the happier connection

    between Pak-USSR.

    USSR offered to explore of oil, which Pakistan

    accepted.

    Exchange of cultural delegation, mechanization ofagriculture, building of power project, promotion of

    technology and scientific knowledge.

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    Soviet Union offered a credit of $30 millions

    dollars and also offered to train Pakistani

    engineers.

    In 1964 $19 million of credit gave it Pakistan to

    buy a heavy machinery. In 1965 the President Ayub khan visited to

    Moscow.

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    In 1965 war The USSR offered to mediate between

    India and Pakistan.

    Kosygin arranged a meeting between Ayub Khan

    and Lal Shastri at Tashkent.

    In 1965 Ayub Khan second visit to Moscow.

    During the 1965-1970 the trade increased between

    Pakistan and USSR.

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    Russia could not reconcile with Pakistans

    friendship with China and Pakistan.

    Russia want to reduce China influence in the

    region.

    Russia use the India as trusted friend to

    reduce the China influence.

    Russia want that Pakistan should join the

    scheme of the Asia security which is against

    the China.

    Yahya Khan Era the Relation with

    USSR

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    Pakistan refuse that Asia security of he

    scheme.

    Russia and India sign the treaty which is part

    of security scheme. In which Russia show that

    Russia will totally support to the India if the

    event of conflict occur with Pakistan.

    During the war of 1971 , Russia openly sided

    with India. It also warned other nation to keep

    away from the war.

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    In Bhutto Era the Relation with

    USSR

    Bhutto visited Moscow in March 1972 and tried tobreak the ice.

    Bhutto visit was greatly helpful in removing the

    misunderstanding and paved the way for normalrelation with USSR.

    Bhutto second visit to Moscow in 1974. He was

    successful in acquiring substantial assistance forthe Karachi steel mill.

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    Trade was expand between Russia and

    Pakistan.

    Bhutto was successful to reducing the

    Russian hostilities toward Pakistan.

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    Zia Era the Relation with USSR

    Pakistan and Russia relation once again reached the

    lowest ebb with the Russia troops occupying

    Afghanistan on 26 Dec 1979.

    On 28 Dec 1979 the Russia ambassador in Pakistan

    informed Gen Zia his country had sent a limited

    military contingent to Afghanistan at her request to

    assist her in dealing with foreign interference.

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    Pakistan vehemently condemned Russian infiltration in

    Afghanistan and called upon UN security council to

    deplore the Soviet Union action.

    Pakistan demand the withdrawal of the foreign troops

    from Afghanistan.

    The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. On Pakistan

    geopolitical situation Pakistan became a frontline state in

    the cold war.

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    Pakistan became a base for mujahedeen fighting

    against the Soviet union.

    In 1989 the Soviet Union completed the withdrawal

    of the troops from Afghanistan.

    The Soviet Union disintegrated into six new state.(Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,

    Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)

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    1990-1999

    1990s saw the Benazir Bhutto come to power in a

    popular election. She tried to dispel the misgivings

    with the Russian (the successor to USSR) government

    but this dtente remained lukewarm due to new

    fears of rise of fundamentalist Islam in Central Asia

    and Muslim minorities within Russia.

    There is no improvement in the relation with USSR in

    this era.

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    Pervez Musharaf Era the relation

    with Russia

    Before the 9/11 Pakistan is one of the three

    countries, Saudi Arabia, UAE which had

    recognize the Taliban government.

    After the 9/11 the situation was totally change.

    Pakistan emerged as a crucial member of

    international coalition formed by the US against

    terrorism.

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    Pakistan antiterrorism role was fully acknowledged

    by the international community that made a

    common ground for engagement.

    Evolving Indo-US strategic partnership was alsoinfluenced of normal relation between Pakistan

    and Russia.

    India interested to buy the US arms that will

    reduce India market share for Russia.

    Russia seeks new markets for its arms export. That

    create interest between Russia and Pakistan

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    The gap between Pakistan and Russia still exist on

    the issue of the terrorism and nuclear

    proliferation.

    Russia considering that terrorist network exist inPakistan that involved in destabilizing the Russia

    directly or indirectly.

    Russian leadership remain apprehensive that

    nuclear material could not fall into the hand of

    the terrorists.

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    An important event in the context of the Pak-

    Russia relation was that President Musharaf visit

    to Moscow at the invitation of President Putin in

    2003. It was the initiate of high level of dialogue.

    Russian foreign minister Igor Ivanovo's visit to

    Pakistan in 2003.

    Pakistan foreign minister Khursheed Mahmood

    Kasuri visited Moscow in 2004 and P.M Shaukat

    Aziz visited in 2005 to attend the meeting of SCO.

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    Russia became the observer of the OIC and

    Pakistan became the observer of the SCO in 2006.

    According to President Musharaf it is in both

    Pakistan and Russia interest to broaden their ties,but this needs to be done bilaterally and not with

    an Endocentric approach.

    Pakistan has extended complete support to Russia

    to be part of WTO in condition the Moscow sign

    an FTA with Islamabad.

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    Russia also return $108 million to Pakistani exporter

    who had exported articles to the USSR before its

    disintegration.

    2002 $ 100 million trade.

    2003-2004 $134.24 million trade

    2004-2005 $320 million trade

    90% of the trade were textile items.

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    In 2005 the Gazprom chairman, Aleksei miller held

    the separate meeting with President Musharaf, and

    P.M Shuakat Aziz.

    The government of Pakistan sign a MaU with theGazprom for cooperation in the oil and gas sector.

    Gazprom provide training facilities to Pakistan oil and

    gas sector.

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    Russian consortium of oil and gas companies five-

    member delegation, headed by Aleksandra Bornov

    visited Pakistan in 2006.

    Aleksandra Bornov take keen interest in the cross-border pipeline, LNG, oil, and gas exploration.

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    Asif Zardari Era relation with USSR

    Russia want to get more involved in regional affairs

    because of the US influence.

    It also know that Pakistan can play a key role in the

    Afghan endgame. Russia has offered Pakistan a wide range of

    counter-terrorism equipment. Include 10 MI-17

    helicopters.

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    In 2009 Pak chief of army staff Gen Pervez AshfaqKayani visited Moscow.

    In 2011 both countries initiated the discussion on

    the shape of trade agreement and currency swapagreement was sign.

    In 2011Russias P.M Putin publically support

    Pakistans desire of joining of SCO as a full member.

    President Asif Zardari visit Russia in 2011 which

    created a Goodwill.

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    Russian military chief Col-General Alexander

    Postnikov visited Pakistan in 2011. He discussed

    with army chief General Ashfaq Kayani of joint the

    military exercise. Russia had agree to invest $500 million on CASA-

    1000 electricity transmission project.

    Gen. Ashfaq Kayani visited in 2012 and held the

    meeting with top brass and ruling politicians.

    In 2012 Russian foreign minister Sergey Viktorvish

    Lavrov visited to Pakistan.

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    Supporting the Pakistans stance on

    drone attacks Sergey Viktorvish Lavrov

    declared that they violate the

    sovereignty and territorial integrity ofany state are unacceptable.

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    Recommendations

    There is enormous potential of cooperation in

    energy sector, steel production,

    telecommunication, space technology, oil and gas

    etc. A coherent strategy should be adapted for

    enhancing people-to-people contacts in the field

    of education, science, trade, culture, tourism and

    sports etc.

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    There is a need to enhance defense cooperation

    between Moscow and Islamabad to diversify

    Pakistans critical dependencies.

    Strategize a coordinated Pak-Russia policy onAfghanistan for achieving lasting peace and

    stability in the region

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