PACEMAKERS

SEMINAR BY

CB.EN.U4ECE11135

NALAM.TULASI HAAR

AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETAM

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN THE HEART

WHEN DO WE NEED A PACEMAKER ???

• Bradycardia – a condition in which the heart beats too slowly –

less than 60 beats per minute

• Tachycardia – a condition in which the heart beats too fast –

more than 80 beats per minute

• Atrial fibrillation – the upper chambers of the heart beat rapidly

• Heart failure – a condition in which the heartbeat is not

sufficient to supply a normal volume of blood

WHAT IS A PACEMAKER

The basic parts :

• Power source

• Pulse generator

• Electrodes

UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR

•

+Anode

Cathode

Anode

Cathode

HISTORY

• Hymans pacemaker-1932

• Implantable pacemaker-1958

• Demand pacemaker-1964

• Rate-responsive-

HYMANS PACEMAKER• hand crank (F)

• spring motor (D)

• magneto-generator (A)

• interrupter disc

• magnet pieces (B’ and B”)

• impulse controller (G)

• electrode needle (L)

• neon lamp (C)

IMPLANTABLE PACEMAKER

• Pulse amplitude-10mA

• Rate-60 beats per min

• Current drain-12µA

• 10 mercury-zinc cells were used

• Continuous operation 5 years

ECG

Turn-on period(t0)

Pulse period(t0-t1)

Relaxation period(t2)

DEMAND PACEMAKER

RATE-RESPONSIVE PACEMAKERS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

FUTURE PACEMAKER-WICS

TELEMETRY

References• www.springer.com

• http://www.durofy.com

• https://wiki.engr.illions.edu

• http://www.medtronicfeatures.com

QUESTIONS ???

THANK YOU