PA28 Piper Archer II - Tailwinds Flying Club … · Know your airplane PA28 ‐181 Piper Archer II...

Know your airplaneKnow your airplanePA28‐181 Piper Archer II

Know your airplane.PA28‐181 Piper Archer II

Tailwinds Flying ClubWinter Safety Session 2007Winter Safety Session ‐ 2007

Piper Accident CausesBased on a study by AOPA Air Safety Foundation

of Accidents from 1984 ‐ 1999

Know your airplane – Archer IIKnow your airplane Archer II• What is the total fuel capacity 50 gal. of the club Archer?

• What is the correct fuel (48 gal. Usable)100 LL (Blue)

grade?• What is the recommended

100/130 (Green)20W50 (Summer)

grade and type of oil?• What brand and grade(s) does

5W50 (Winter)Phillips 20W50

the club purchase for the planes?

Know your airplane – Archer IIKnow your airplane Archer II

• What is the airplane basic 1553.49 lbs.empty weight?

• What is the maximum gross

(1416 Std. POH)

What is the maximum gross takeoff weight?

• What is the Normal category 996 51 lbs

2550 lbs.

• What is the Normal category useful load?

Wh t i th Utilit t

996.51 lbs.(1134 lbs. POH)

• What is the Utility category useful load? 576.51 lbs.


Heavier gross weights result in:• Longer takeoff runs

• Shallower climbs

• Faster landing speeds

• Longer landing rolloutsLonger landing rollouts

The density altitude with 90 degrees F at a 1,000 foot msl airport results in:msl airport results in:

• 50% increase in takeoff distance

• 30% decrease in climb performance• 30% decrease in climb performance

Know your airplane – Archer II

Determine Weight and Balance before flight:


Located in the plane.

Located on the TailwindsTailwinds SchedulingWeb site.

Options available for Tailwind’s members.

Know your airplane.y pRecommended airspeeds:

• Normal takeoff, flaps up? 65 KIAS

• Best rate of climb (Vy)?

• Best angle of climb (Vx)?76 KIAS

64 KIASBest angle of climb (Vx)?

• Maneuvering speed, gross weight (Va)?

64 KIAS

113 KIASweight (Va)?

• Never exceed speed (Vne)?113 KIAS

154 KIAS


Majority of PA28 takeoff accidents were due to improper procedures:

–Premature rotation / liftoff

– Improper flap settingsp p p g

Use of flaps decreases takeoff over an obstacleUse of flaps decreases takeoff over an obstacle (standard conditions) by 200 feet, from 1,800 ft. to 1 600 ftto 1,600 ft.


Recommended airspeeds:

• Stalling speed clean (Vs)? 55 KIAS• Stalling speed, clean (Vs)?

• Stalling speed, full flaps (V )?

55 KIAS

49 KIAS(Vso)?

• Best gliding speed?

49 KIAS

76 KIAS• Maneuvering speed @ gross weight (Va) 113 KIASg ( )


VA is the maximum speed for full and abrupt use of the controls without risk of structural damage.

– Decreases as weight decreases

– Lighter weights are subject to rapid acceleration f d b lfrom gusts and turbulence

Reduce if lighter than max. gross weight – 10 to 15 knots is a good place to start.


Turbulence Terminology:gy“Light” – momentary changes in attitude or altitude

“Light chop” ‐ similar to “light Turbulence” without theLight chop similar to light Turbulence without the change in attitude of altitude

“Moderate” – similar but stronger than lightModerate similar but stronger than light

“Moderate chop” – rapid bumps but does not disturb attitude and altitude

“Severe” – partial loss of control of the aircraft

“Extreme” – no longer in control of the aircraftExtreme no longer in control of the aircraft


PA28 aircraft are not designed for flight in known icing conditions– Higher stall speeds

– Lower than normal angles of attack

b i d i i i– Carburetor or induction icing

Icing occurs when humidity is high and temperature is b 14 d 77 d F h h ibetween 14 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit

Carburetor installation on PA28s are less likely to ice –b b hbut use carburetor heat anyway

Know your airplane – Archer IIy p

Landings

Know your airplane – Archer IIy p

B f h fli h h il f d i h d b l d d i

The following is taken from the FAA’s accident report database. The plane is a PA28‐181.

Before the flight, the pilot performed weight and balance and density altitude calculations. After a 1-hour local flight, the pilot circled over the airport and determined the winds to be calm. He entered the traffic pattern for runway 34 and extended 40 degrees ofthe traffic pattern for runway 34 and extended 40 degrees of flaps. The pilot noticed a slight crosswind from the West and applied crosswind correction. On short final, the airplane was aligned with the runway at an indicated airspeed of 65 knots. As the airplane crossed the approach end of the runway it rolled tothe airplane crossed the approach end of the runway it rolled to the left and the stall warning horn sounded. The pilot initiated a go-around by applying full power and retracting the flaps to 25 degrees. The airplane continued to descend on a heading of 310 g gdegrees. About 10 feet above ground level, the pilot pulled back on the yoke in an effort to slow the airplane down. The plane touched down on the main landing gear in a field about 100 yards West of the runway The left wing dug into the ground and theWest of the runway. The left wing dug into the ground and the airplane spun 90 degrees to the left before coming to a stop. The calculated density altitude was 6, 313 feet.


Landings were the highest percentage of PA28Landings were the highest percentage of PA28 accidents.– Landing long due to low wing ground effectLanding long due to low wing ground effect

– Poor airspeed control

– Poorly executed go‐around– Poorly executed go‐around

– Improper control input during crosswind conditions


• What is the maximum demonstrated cross wind component?

• Know your approach

17 Knots

• Know your approach– Obstructions in the area– Runway lengthsu ay e g s– Wind direction / speed– Radio – call and listenL di i i– Landing minimums

– Missed approach procedures Remember this?

Know your airplane – Archer IIKnow your airplane Archer IIGusty conditions require higher than normal

h dapproach speed.

The FAA recommends “In gusty air, no more than one‐half the gust factor should be added.”

Remember excessive airspeed means:Remember excessive airspeed means: • Touching down farther from the runway threshold•After‐landing roll may exceed available landing areaAfter landing roll may exceed available landing area

Execute a go‐around if touch down is past first g p1/3 of runway (unless you have 10,000 ft. rnwy.)

Know your airplane – Archer IIComponents


The Artex Emergency Locator Transmitter (EMT)

Know your airplane – Archer IIKnow your airplane Archer II• Where is the transmitter located? Aft portion of the

f l j b l h

H d h k t if th it

fuselage , just below the stabilator leading edge.

Select 121 5 MHz on• How do you check to see if the unit has been activated?

Select 121.5 MHz on radio, listen for chirping sound.

• How often must the batteries be checked?

Every 12 calendar months.

• When must the batteries be replaced?

When in use for more than 1 hour replaced?(cumulative) or after 50% of useful life.


Whi h i t t( ) ldWhich instrument(s) would become unavailable when the vacuum pump fails?the vacuum pump fails?

Attitude Indicator and Heading Indicator

Practice partial panel regularlyPractice partial panel regularly


Which instrument(s) would ( )become unavailable in the event of an electrical system

ALT

failure?

Turn Coordinator

What instruments would be unavailable if the static system becomes plugged?system becomes plugged?

Turn Coordinator, attitude indicator, and DG., ,


Autopilot use is prohibited p pabove what airspeed?

149 KIAS149 KIAS

What is the procedure for disconnecting the autopilot in an emergency?

•Pushing the roll ON‐OFF rocker switch “OFF”Pushing the roll ON OFF rocker switch OFF•Pulling the autopilot circuit breaker

Use of the autopilot prohibited during takeoff / landing

Know your airplane – Archer IIKnow your airplane Archer IIDuring an in flight fire emergency which device is turned on and which is turned ff?off?

•Vents openedp•Cabin heat off•Vent fan may or may not work in event of electrical firefire.


Does the volume and/or squelch switch shown heresquelch switch shown here affect your ability to hear ATC, Unicom, or other air traffic?,

No, the switches only control the in‐cabin headphone jacks.


What control system is effected with the use of this button?with the use of this button?

The human control system. yThis is the carbon monoxide detector.

Know your airplane – Archer IIKnow your airplane Archer IIThe External Power Jack (EPJ) is located on the right side of the fuselage aft of th b t tthe baggage compartment.

The external jack andThe external jack and jumper cords are on the West wall in the hangar.

The Master Switch should b i h “OFF” i ibe in the “OFF” position before connecting the EPJ.


What’s new?

Mark will tell us about the new equipment to be installed in the

Archer II


Garmin GNS 430

•Garmin Web site ‐http://www.garmin.com/products/gns430/•Garmin GNS 430 Simulator web site•Garmin GNS 430 Simulator web site –•http://www.garmin.com/include/SimulatorPopup.htm

Pilot manuals for GNS 430 downloadable.

Know your airplane.Archer II Panel

Roll‐out of New Flight Service Stations ( )(FS21)

Thanks!Thanks!It is now time for your questions

and / or concerns.

PA28 Piper Archer II - Tailwinds Flying Club … · Know your airplane PA28 ‐181 Piper Archer II...

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