P9208 EBCN Derm Specialists
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Transcript of P9208 EBCN Derm Specialists
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Hills Evidence-Based Clinical Nutrition
for Dermatology Specialists
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Discover the most complete andclinically proven line of dermatologic
nutrition from Hills
HillsPrescription Dietd/d
Formulated to help manage inammatory skin conditions such as atopy,ea allergy dermatitis and otitis externa, as well as adverse reactions tofood, including food allergy and intolerance
Increased omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, to nourish the skin andhelp manage inammation
Added antioxidants to help support skin barrier function
Available in a wide range of novel protein options: venison, duck,salmon, lamb, egg and rabbit
HillsPrescription Dietz/d
Effective as the gold standard (home prepared foods) fordiagnosing and managing adverse reactions to food including foodallergies and intolerance
Formulated with hydrolyzed animal proteins to eliminate the potentialfor an allergic response
Added antioxidants to help support skin barrier function
HillsScience DietSensitive Skin
Formulated to meet the nutrient and energy needs of adult pets withsensitive skin
Increased levels of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids to nourish skinand coat
Added antioxidants to help support skin barrier function
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Discover the most complete andclinically proven line of dermatologic
nutrition from Hills
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HillsPrescription Dietd/dCanine Canned
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Number of NovelProtein Formulas
Carbohydrate
Antioxidants
Single, novel animal sourceHighly digestibleReduced
Four
Potato or rice
Added
Helps avoid common food allergens.Limits the amount of undigested protein in the gastrointestinal tract able to provoke anallergic reaction.
Duck, salmon, venison and lamb provide more choices related to a suspected allergy orpatient preference.Allergies to potato or rice are uncommon.Help maintain a healthy immune system and the skin barrier function.
Indications
Iflammatr ki cditi uch a atp, fla allrg drmatiti ad titi xtra. Advr racti t fd (fd allrg r itlrac).
Additional information
Prescription Diet d/d Caninecanned foods contain a single, novel animal protein source(duck, salmon, venison and lamb) which is not generally associated with adverse reactions tofood in dogs. A limited number of digestible novel meat protein and carbohydrate ingredientshelp avoid common food allergies.
Prescription Diet d/d Caninefoods can help aid in the management of pruritic dermatitis,
chronic gastroenteritis or colitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic otitis externa, fleaallergy dermatitis, and contact dermatitis.
Supplementation is unnecessary (including fatty acid supplements) and may decrease theeffectiveness of the food.
Other products to consider
For use as an elimination diet (for maximum reliability in the identification of dietarysensitivity): Prescription Dietz/dULTRA Allrg-Fr Cai.
To manage and eliminate adverse reactions to food: Prescription Dietz/dULTRAAllrg-Fr Caior Prescription Dietz/dLw Allrg Cai.
Not recommended for
Growing puppies, pregnant or nursing dogs. Patients with hyperlipidemia, pancreatitis, history of pancreatitis or at risk of pancreatitis.
These characteristics make Prescription Diet d/d Canineveterinary exclusive pet foods useful as a nutritional aid for dogs with adverse reactions to food orcertain gastrointestinal disorders:
d/d Duck Formula Canine: Cans of 13 oz (7003) in cases of 12
d/d Lamb Formula Canine: Cans of 13 oz (7002) in cases of 12
d/d Salmon Formula Canine:Cans of 13 oz (7004) in cases of 12
d/d Venison Formula Canine:Cans of 13 oz (7005) in cases of 12
Disease Category:
Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiatethat Prescription Dietd/dCanineprovides completeand balanced nutrition for the maintenance of adult dogs.The following ranges are a starting point only and shouldbe adjusted as needed to maintain proper weight. Mixincreasing amounts of the pets new food with decreasingamounts of the old food over a 7-day period.
BodyWight (lb)
VenIson,SALMON & DUCK
FORMULASCa() (13 z)
LAMBFORMULA
Ca() (13 z)
5 - 2/3 1/3-
10 - 1 2/3-
20 1 1/3- 1 1 - 1 1/3
40 2 - 3 1 2/3- 2 1/3
60 3 - 4 2 - 3
80 3 - 5 2 - 4
100 4 - 6 3 1/3- 4 2/3
1 cup i qual t 1ca. 1 ca i qual t 1cup.
DAILY FEEDING AMOUNTS
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CANNEDINGREDIENTS
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Salmon Formula:Water, Salmon, Potato, Potato Starch, Potato Protein,Soybean Oil, Fish Oil, Powdered Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Iodized Salt,Vitamin E Supplement, Choline Chloride, DL-Methionine, Taurine, CalciumCarbonate, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate,Niacin, Thiamine Mononitrate, Vitamin A Supplement, Beta-Carotene, CalciumPantothenate, Biotin, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride,Manganous Oxide, Copper Sulfate, Riboflavin, Folic Acid, Cobalt Carbonate,Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite.
Venison Formula:Water, Venison, Potato, Potato Starch, Potato Protein,Soybean Oil, Powdered Cellulose, Fish Oil, Calcium Carbonate, DicalciumPhosphate, Iodized Salt, Taurine, DL-Methionine, Choline Chloride, VitaminE Supplement, L-Tryptophan, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Zinc Oxide,Ferrous Sulfate, Beta-Carotene, Thiamine Mononitrate, Niacin, Copper Sulfate,Manganous Oxide, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Vitamin ASupplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Biotin, Riboflavin, Vitamin D3 Supplement,Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite, Menadione DimethylpyrimidinolBisulfite (source of vitamin K).
SALMON VENISON
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3 As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 4.6 % 18.9 % 4.7 g 4.6 % 18.9 % 4.2 g
Fat 3.6 % 14.8 % 3.7 g 4.0 % 16.4 % 3.7 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 14.4 % 59.0 % 14.7 g 14.0 % 57.4 % 12.8 g
Crude Fiber 0.5 % 2.0 % 0.5 g 0.5 % 2.0 % 0.5 g
Calcium 0.19 % 0.78 % 194 mg 0.16 % 0.66 % 147 mg
Phosphorus 0.17 % 0.70 % 174 mg 0.13 % 0.53 % 119 mg
Sodium 0.08 % 0.33 % 82 mg 0.09 % 0.37 % 82 mg
Potassium 0.19 % 0.78 % 194 mg 0.21 % 0.86 % 192 mg
Magnesium 0.015 % 0.061 % 15 mg 0.015 % 0.061 % 14 mg
Taurine 0.71 % 2.91 % 725 mg 0.20 % 0.82 % 183 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 979 4,012 1,091 4,471
kcal/can 362 404
% Calories From: Protein 17 Fat 32 Carbohydrates 51 Protein 16 Fat 34 Carbohydrates 50
CANNEDINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Duck Formula:Water, Duck, Potato, Duck Liver, Potato Starch, Soybean Oil,Powdered Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Fish Oil, Calcium Carbonate, IodizedSalt, DL-Methionine, Taurine, Vitamin E Supplement, Potassium Chloride, CholineChloride, L-Tryptophan, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Zinc Oxide, FerrousSulfate, Beta-Carotene, Thiamine Mononitrate, Niacin, Manganous Oxide,Copper Sulfate, Vitamin A Supplement, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12Supplement, Biotin, Riboflavin, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride,Cobalt Carbonate, Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite, MenadioneDimethylpyrimidinol Bisulfite (source of vitamin K).
Lamb Formula:Water, Rice, Lamb, Lamb Liver, Rice Flour, PowderedCellulose, Soybean Oil, Fish Oil, Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Chloride,Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Iron Oxide, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline Chloride,Vitamin E Supplement, Taurine, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Zinc Oxide,Ferrous Sulfate, Beta-Carotene, Thiamine Mononitrate, Manganous Oxide,Niacin, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, PyridoxineHydrochloride, Biotin, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Riboflavin, Calcium Iodate,Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite.
DUCK LAMB
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3 As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 4.3 % 17.4 % 4.5 g 4.6 % 15.8 % 3.5 g
Fat 4.1 % 16.6 % 4.3 g 7.8 % 26.8 % 5.9 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 14.4 % 58.3 % 15.0 g 14.2 % 48.8 % 10.7 g
Crude Fiber 0.5 % 2.0 % 0.5 g 1.0 % 3.4 % 0.8 g
Calcium 0.20 % 0.81 % 208 mg 0.17 % 0.58 % 128 mg
Phosphorus 0.17 % 0.69 % 177 mg 0.09 % 0.31 % 68 mg
Sodium 0.09 % 0.36 % 94 mg 0.10 % 0.34 % 75 mg
Potassium 0.22 % 0.89 % 229 mg 0.21 % 0.72 % 158 mg
Magnesium 0.016 % 0.065 % 17 mg 0.018 % 0.062 % 14 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.20 % 0.81 % 208 mg 0.33 % 1.13 % 248 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 961 3,891 1,330 4,570
kcal/can 356 492
% Calories From: Protein 15 Fat 35 Carbohydrates 50 Protein 12 Fat 50 Carbohydrates 38
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Rice &Egg
Potato &Salmon
Potato &Venison
Potato &Duck
HillsPrescription Dietd/dCanine Dry
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Indications
Iflammatr ki cditi uch a atp, fla allrg drmatiti ad titi xtra. Advr racti t fd (fd allrg r itlrac).
Additional information
Prescription Diet d/d Caninefoods contain a single, novel animal protein source (egg,duck, salmon and venison) which is not generally associated with adverse reactions to foodin dogs. A limited number of digestible novel meat protein and carbohydrate ingredients helpavoid common food allergies.
Prescription Diet d/d Caninefoods can help aid in the management of pruritic dermatitis,
chronic gastroenteritis or colitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic otitis externa, fleaallergy dermatitis, and contact dermatitis.
Supplementation is unnecessary (including fatty acid supplements) and may decrease theeffectiveness of the food.
Other products to consider
For use as an elimination diet (for maximum reliability in the identification of dietarysensitivity): Prescription Dietz/dULTRA Allrg-Fr Cai.
To manage and eliminate adverse reactions to food: Prescription Dietz/dULTRAAllrg-Fr Caior Prescription Dietz/dLw Allrg Cai.
Not recommended for
Growing puppies, pregnant or nursing dogs. Patients with hyperlipidemia, pancreatitis, history of pancreatitis or at risk of pancreatitis.
Disease Category:
Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiatethat Prescription Dietd/dCanineprovides completeand balanced nutrition for the maintenance of adult dogs.The following ranges are a starting point only and shouldbe adjusted as needed to maintain proper weight. Mixincreasing amounts of the pets new food with decreasingamounts of the old food over a 7-day period.
BodyWight
(lb)
RICE & EGGFORMULASDry Cups
POTATO &DUCK
FORMULADry Cups
POTATO &VENISONFORMULA
ANDPOTATO &SALMONFORMULADry Cups
5 - 5/8 - 2/3 - 2/3
10 - 1 1/8 - 1 1/8 - 1 1/8
20 1 1/3- 1 1 1/3- 1 1 1/3- 1
40 2 - 3 2 - 3 2 - 3
60 3 - 4 3 - 4 3 - 4
80 3 2/3- 5 3 - 5 3 - 5
100 4 1/3- 6 4 - 6 4 - 6
1 cup i qual t 1ca. 1 ca i qual t 1cup.
DAILY FEEDING AMOUNTS
d/d Ric & egg Frmula Cai:Bags of 8 lbs (5645) and 17.6 lbs (5646)
d/d Potato & Duck Formula Canine:Bags of 8 lbs (5347) and 17.6 lbs (5343)
d/d Potato & Venison Formula Canine: Bags of 8 lbs (5348) and 17.6 lbs (5342)
d/d Potato & Salmon Formula Canine:Bags of 8 lbs (5346) and 17.6 lbs (5345)
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Number of NovelProtein Formulas
Carbohydrate
Antioxidants
Single, novel animal sourceHighly digestibleReduced
Four
Potato or rice
Added
Helps avoid common food allergens.Limits the amount of undigested protein in the gastrointestinal tract able to provoke anallergic reaction.
Duck, salmon, venison and egg provide more choices related to a suspected allergy orpatient preference.Allergies to potato or rice are uncommon.Help maintain a healthy immune system and the skin barrier function.
These characteristics make Prescription Diet d/d Canineveterinary exclusive pet foods useful as a nutritional aid for dogs with adverse reactions to food orcertain gastrointestinal disorders:
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 17.0 % 18.5 % 4.4 g
Fat 15.2 % 16.5 % 3.9 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 54.9 % 59.7 % 14.1 g
Crude Fiber 1.0 % 1.1 % 0.3 g
Calcium 0.55 % 0.60 % 142 mg
Phosphorus 0.46 % 0.50 % 118 mg
Sodium 0.26 % 0.28 % 67 mg
Potassium 0.64 % 0.70 % 165 mg
Magnesium 0.062 % 0.067 % 16 mg
Taurine 0.64 % 0.70 % 165 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,885 4,223kcal/cup 383
Weight oz/cup 3.5
Cups per lb 4.6
% Calories From: Protein 16 Fat 34 Carbohydrates 50
DRYINGREDIENTS
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
Ric ad egg Frmula:Brewers Rice, Dried Egg Product, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Natural Flavor, Soybean Oil, PowderedCellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Fish Oil, Potassium Chloride, Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiaminemononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement),Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin E Supplement, Choline Chloride, Iodized Salt, Taurine, preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acid & Ethoxyquin, Minerals (ferroussulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 16.6 % 18.0 % 4.5 g
Fat 15.6 % 17.0 % 4.2 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 52.2 % 56.7 % 14.0 g
Crude Fiber 1.5 % 1.6 % 0.4 g
Calcium 0.73 % 0.79 % 196 mg
Phosphorus 0.53 % 0.58 % 143 mg
Sodium 0.33 % 0.36 % 89 mg
Potassium 0.72 % 0.78 % 194 mg
Magnesium 0.066 % 0.072 % 18 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.72 % 0.78 % 194 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,719 4,042
kcal/cup 366
Weight oz/cup 3.5
Cups per lb 4.6
% Calories From: Protein 16 Fat 36 Carbohydrates 48
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Potato and Duck Formula:Potato, Potato Starch, Duck, Potato Protein, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Soybean Oil, Natural Flavor, DicalciumPhosphate, Potassium Chloride, Powdered Cellulose, Fish Oil, Iodized Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Duck By-Product Meal, Choline Chloride, Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate[source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxinehydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), DL-Methionine, Vitamin E Supplement, Taurine, Glycerol Monostearate, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, coppersulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), L-Tryptophan, preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acid and Ethoxyquin, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 16.6 % 18.0 % 4.5 gFat 15.2 % 16.5 % 4.1 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 52.6 % 57.2 % 14.2 g
Crude Fiber 1.5 % 1.6 % 0.4 g
Calcium 0.73 % 0.79 % 197 mg
Phosphorus 0.52 % 0.57 % 140 mg
Sodium 0.33 % 0.36 % 89 mg
Potassium 0.72 % 0.78 % 194 mg
Magnesium 0.064 % 0.070 % 17 mg
Taurine 0.71 % 0.77 % 191 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,711 4,034
kcal/cup 366
Weight oz/cup 3.5
Cups per lb 4.6
% Calories From: Protein 16 Fat 35 Carbohydrates 49
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
Potato and Venison Formula:Potato, Potato Starch, Venison, Potato Protein, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Soybean Oil,Natural Flavor, Dicalcium Phosphate, Potassium Chloride, Powdered Cellulose, Venison Meal, Fish Oil, Iodized Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Choline Chloride, Vitamins(l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitaminB12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), DL-Methionine, Vitamin E Supplement, Taurine, Glycerol Monostearate,Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), L-Tryptophan, preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acidand Ethoxyquin, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 16.6 % 18.0 % 4.5 g
Fat 15.2 % 16.5 % 4.1 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 52.4 % 57.0 % 14.1 g
Crude Fiber 1.6 % 1.7 % 0.4 g
Calcium 0.74 % 0.80 % 199 mg
Phosphorus 0.53 % 0.58 % 143 mg
Sodium 0.34 % 0.37 % 92 mg
Potassium 0.75 % 0.82 % 202 mg
Magnesium 0.070 % 0.076 % 19 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 1.30 % 1.41 % 350 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,710 4,033
kcal/cup 366
Weight oz/cup 3.5
Cups per lb 4.6
% Calories From: Protein 16 Fat 35 Carbohydrates 49
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Potato and Salmon Formula:Potato, Potato Starch, Salmon, Potato Protein, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Soybean Oil,Natural Flavor, Dicalcium Phosphate, Fish Meal, Potassium Chloride, Powdered Cellulose, Fish Oil, Iodized Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Choline Chloride, Vitamins(l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitaminB12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), Vitamin E Supplement, DL-Methionine, Taurine, Glycerol Monostearate,Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acid and
Ethoxyquin, L-Tryptophan, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
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9/421-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
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HillsPrescription Dietz/dULTRA Allrg-Fr Cai
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Carbohydrate
omga-3 Fatt Acidomga-6 Fatt Acid
Antioxidants
Hydrolyzed
Refined
Increased
Added
Highly digestible animal protein source with an average molecular weight
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 4.8 % 19.6 % 4.9 g
Fat 3.4 % 13.9 % 3.5 gCarbohydrate (NFE) 13.9 % 56.7 % 14.3 g
Crude Fiber 1.1 % 4.5 % 1.1 g
Calcium 0.18 % 0.73 % 185 mg
Phosphorus 0.14 % 0.57 % 144 mg
Sodium 0.05 % 0.20 % 51 mg
Potassium 0.16 % 0.65 % 164 mg
Magnesium 0.014 % 0.057 % 14 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.12 % 0.49 % 123 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 0.99 % 4.04 % 1,017 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 973 3,971
kcal/can small (5.5 oz): 152; large (13 oz): 360
% Calories From: Protein 18 Fat 31 Carbohydrates 51
CANNEDINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Water, Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver, Corn Starch, Powdered Cellulose, Soybean Oil, Dicalcium Phosphate,Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Citrate, DL-Methionine, Choline Chloride,Iodized Salt, Vitamin E Supplement, Taurine, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), L-Threonine, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, L-Tryptophan, Beta-Carotene, Thiamine Mononitrate,Copper Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Niacin, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Biotin, Calcium Iodate, Vitamin D3 Supplement,Riboflavin, Sodium Selenite, Folic Acid.
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Starch, Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver, Soybean Oil (preserved with BHA, propyl gallate and citric acid), Hydrolyzed Chicken, Powdered Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, CalciumCarbonate, Glyceryl Monostearate, Potassium Chloride, Iodized Salt, Choline Chloride, Vitamins (vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement,l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement),DL-Methionine, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), Taurine, Ethoxyquin (a preservative), Beta-Carotene.
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 17.5 % 19.0 % 4.7 g
Fat 12.8 % 13.9 % 3.4 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 54.6 % 59.3 % 14.7 g
Crude Fiber 2.5 % 2.7 % 0.7 g
Calcium 0.61 % 0.66 % 164 mg
Phosphorus 0.47 % 0.51 % 126 mg
Sodium 0.27 % 0.29 % 73 mg
Potassium 0.61 % 0.66 % 164 mg
Magnesium 0.050 % 0.054 % 13 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.50 % 0.54 % 134 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 3.86 % 4.20 % 1,037 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,724 4,048
kcal/cup 254
Weight oz/cup 2.4
Cups per lb 6.6
% Calories From: Protein 17 Fat 30 Carbohydrates 53
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
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HillsPrescription Dietz/dLw Allrg Cai
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Carbohydrate
omga-3 Fatt Acidomga-6 Fatt Acid
Antioxidants
Hydrolyzed
Single source
Increased
Added
Highly digestible animal protein source with an average molecular weight
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 18.9 % 20.5 % 5.1 g
Fat 12.0 % 13.0 % 3.3 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 51.3 % 55.8 % 13.9 g
Crude Fiber 3.2 % 3.5 % 0.9 g
Calcium 0.57 % 0.62 % 155 mg
Phosphorus 0.49 % 0.53 % 133 mg
Sodium 0.36 % 0.39 % 98 mg
Potassium 1.20 % 1.30 % 326 mg
Magnesium 0.089 % 0.097 % 24 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.38 % 0.41 % 103 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 2.95 % 3.21 % 802 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,679 3,999
kcal/cup 363
Weight oz/cup 3.5
Cups per lb 4.6
% Calories From: Protein 19 Fat 29 Carbohydrates 52
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
Dried Potato Product, Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver, Potato Starch, Soybean Oil (preserved with BHA, propyl gallate and citric acid), Hydrolyzed Chicken, Powdered Cellulose,Calcium Sulfate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Glyceryl Monostearate, Iodized Salt, Choline Chloride, Vitamins (vitamin E supplement, l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitaminC], niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3supplement), Calcium Carbonate, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), DL-Methionine, Taurine, Ethoxyquin(a preservative), Beta-Carotene.
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Venison &Green Pea
Duck & GreenPea
Rabbit & GreenPea
HillsPrescription Dietd/dFeline
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Number of NovelProtein Formulas
Carbohydrate
Antioxidants
Single, novel animal sourceHighly digestible
Three
Green pea
Added
Helps avoid common food allergens.Limits the amount of undigested protein in the gastrointestinal tract able to provoke anallergic reaction.
Duck, rabbit or venison provide more choices related to a suspected allergy orpatient preference.Allergies to green pea are uncommon.Help maintain a healthy immune system and the skin barrier function.
Indications
Iflammatr ki cditi uch a atp, fla allrg drmatiti ad fliiphilic graulma cmplx
Advr racti t fd (fd allrg r itlrac).
Additional information
Prescription Diet d/d Felinefoods contain a single, novel animal protein source (duck, rabbit, orvenison) which is not generally associated with adverse reactions to food in cats.
Prescription Diet d/d Felinefoods may help aid in the management of the following:Pruritic dermatitis: Adverse food reactions in cats typically occur as pruritic dermatitis, with orwithout concurrent gastrointestinal signs.
Chric gatrtriti, chric cliti:Adverse food reactions can result in chronic vomitingand/or diarrhea associated with gastrointestinal inflammation; mildly affected cats may only show anincrease in the number of bowel movements or may have occasional vomiting.Iflammatr bwl dia (IBD):Adverse reactions to food may potentiate IBD.Atpic drmatiti, fd allrgand fla allrgcan occur in the same patient concurrently.Allrgic drmatitipatients may have clinical signs of eosinophilic granuloma complex.Ctact drmatiti.
Supplementation beyond the analogous canned or dry formula (including fatty acid supplements) isunnecessary and may decrease the effectiveness of the food.
Other products to consider
For use as an elimination food, for patients with IBD, or to manage and eliminateadverse reactions to food: Prescription Dietz/dULTRAAllrg-Fr Fli andPrescription Dietz/d Lw Allrg Fli.
Not recommended for
Growing kittens, pregnant or nursing cats. Patients with concurrent use of urinary acidifiers.
These characteristics make Prescription Diet d/d Felineveterinary exclusive pet foods useful as a nutritional aid for dogs with adverse reactions to food:
d/d Duck Formula Feline:Cans of 5.5 oz (5364) in cases of 24d/d Venison Formula Feline: Cans of 5.5 oz (5365) in cases of 24d/d Duck & Green Pea Formula Feline:Bags of 3.5 lbs (5351) and 8.5 lbs (5355)d/d Rabbit & Green Pea Formula Feline:Bags of 3.5 lbs (5352) and 8.5 lbs (5357)d/d Venison & Green Pea Formula Feline:Bags of 3.5 lbs (5350) and 8.5 lbs (5356)
Disease Category:
Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiatethat Prescription Dietd/dFelineprovides completeand balanced nutrition for the maintenance of adult cats.The following ranges are a starting point only and shouldbe adjusted as needed to maintain proper weight. Mixincreasing amounts of the pets new food with decreasingamounts of the old food over a 7-day period.
BodyWight (lb)
ALL CANNEDFORMULAS
Ca() (5.5 z)
ALL DRYFORMULASDry Cups
5 2/3- 1 - 3/8
10 1 - 1 2/3 - 5/8
15 1 - 2 5/8- 7/8
DAILY FEEDING AMOUNTS
1 cup i qual t 2 5/8ca.1 ca i qual t 3/8cup.1 cup i qual t 2 ca (vi frmula l).
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 10.1 % 38.1 % 8.4 g
Fat 7.7 % 29.1 % 6.4 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 5.9 % 22.3 % 4.9 g
Crude Fiber 1.2 % 4.5 % 1.0 g
Calcium 0.21 % 0.79 % 174 mg
Phosphorus 0.20 % 0.75 % 165 mg
Sodium 0.08 % 0.30 % 66 mg
Potassium 0.25 % 0.94 % 207 mg
Magnesium 0.022 % 0.083 % 18 mg
Taurine .015 % 0.57 % 124 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.31 % 1.17 % 256 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGYkcal/kg 1,209 4,562
kcal/can 189
% Calories From: Protein 29 Fat 54 Carbohydrates 17
CANNEDINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Duck Formula:Water, Duck, Duck Liver, Ground Green Pea, Powdered Cellulose, Soybean Oil, Pea Protein Concentrate, Brewers Dried Yeast,Fish Oil, Glucose, Calcium Carbonate, DL-Methionine, Dicalcium Phosphate, Taurine, L-Cysteine, Choline Chloride, Iron Oxide, Glycine, PotassiumChloride, Iodized Salt, Vitamin E Supplement, Potassium Citrate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Zinc Oxide, FerrousSulfate, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Niacin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Beta-Carotene, Manganous Oxide, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12Supplement, Riboflavin, Biotin, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite.
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 9.7 % 37.3 % 7.7 g
Fat 7.9 % 30.4 % 6.3 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 5.5 % 21.2 % 4.4 g
Crude Fiber 1.2 % 4.6 % 1.0 g
Calcium 0.21 % 0.81 % 166 mg
Phosphorus 0.19 % 0.73 % 150 mg
Sodium 0.09 % 0.35 % 71 mg
Potassium 0.24 % 0.92 % 190 mg
Magnesium 0.023 % 0.088 % 18 mg
Taurine 0.10 % 0.38 % 79 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.48 % 1.85 % 380 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 1,263 4,858
kcal/can 197
% Calories From: Protein 28 Fat 56 Carbohydrates 16
CANNEDINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Venison Formula:Venison, Water, Venison Liver, Ground Green Pea, Pea Protein Concentrate, Soybean Oil, Powdered Cellulose, Fish Oil,DL-Methionine, Choline Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Iron Oxide, Calcium Sulfate, Iodized Salt, Potassium Chloride, Taurine, Dicalcium Phosphate,Vitamin E Supplement, Thiamine Mononitrate, Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Sulfate, Beta-Carotene, Niacin, ManganousOxide, Copper Sulfate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin, Biotin, Vitamin D3 Supplement,Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite.
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 30.1 % 32.0 % 7.9 g
Fat 20.9 % 22.2 % 5.5 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 32.1 % 34.1 % 8.5 g
Crude Fiber 4.7 % 5.0 % 1.2 g
Calcium 0.69 % 0.73 % 182 mg
Phosphorus 0.69 % 0.73 % 182 mg
Sodium 0.32 % 0.34 % 84 mg
Potassium 0.89 % 0.95 % 235 mg
Magnesium 0.111 % 0.118 % 29 mg
Taurine 0.34 % 0.36 % 90 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.67 % 0.71 % 177 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,794 4,036
kcal/can 460
Weight oz/cup 4.3
Cups per lb 3.7
% Calories From: Protein 27 Fat 45 Carbohydrates 28
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Rabbit & Green Pea Formula:Pea Protein Concentrate, Rabbit, Pea Bran Meal, Ground Green Peas, Pork Fat (preserved with mixedtocopherols and citric acid), Rabbit Meal, Soybean Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Natural Flavor, Fish Oil, DL-Methionine, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline
Chloride, L-Cystene, Iodized Salt, Taurine, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin E Supplement, Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C],vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement,pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calciumiodate, sodium selenite), preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acid and Ethoxyquin, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
DRYINGREDIENTS
Duck & Green Pea Formula:Pea Protein Concentrate, Duck, Pea Bran Meal, Ground Green Peas, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherolsand citric acid), Duck Meal, Soybean Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Natural Flavor, Fish Oil, Choline Chloride, DL-Methionine, Iodized Salt, L-Cysteine,Taurine, Dicalcium Phosphate, Vitamin E Supplement, Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin,thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folicacid, vitamin D3 supplement), Potassium Sulfate, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodiumselenite), preserved with Mixed Tocopherols, Citric Acid and Ethoxyquin, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 30.1 % 32.0 % 7.8 g
Fat 22.5 % 23.9 % 5.9 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 30.5 % 32.4 % 7.9 g
Crude Fiber 4.7 % 5.0 % 1.2 g
Calcium 0.68 % 0.72 % 177 mg
Phosphorus 0.68 % 0.72 % 177 mg
Sodium 0.38 % 0.40 % 99 mg
Potassium 0.94 % 1.00 % 245 mg
Magnesium 0.104 % 0.111 % 27 mg
Taurine 0.35 % 0.37 % 91 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.70 % 0.74 % 182 mgMETABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,842 4,087
kcal/can 466
Weight oz/cup 4.3
Cups per lb 3.7
% Calories From: Protein 26 Fat 47 Carbohydrates 27
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
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DRYINGREDIENTS
Venison & Green Pea Formula:Pea Protein Concentrate, Venison, Pea Bran Meal, Ground Green Peas, Pork Fat (preserved with mixedtocopherols and citric acid), Venison Meal, Soybean Oil, Calcium Sulfate, Natural Flavor, Fish Oil, Choline Chloride, DL-Methionine, L-Cysteine,Iodized Salt, Taurine, Vitamin E Supplement, Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiaminemononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, vitaminD3 supplement), Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), preserved with MixedTocopherols, Citric Acid and Ethoxyquin, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 30.1 % 32.0 % 7.8 g
Fat 21.4 % 22.8 % 5.5 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 31.7 % 33.7 % 8.2 g
Crude Fiber 4.6 % 4.9 % 1.2 g
Calcium 0.79 % 0.84 % 204 mg
Phosphorus 0.70 % 0.74 % 181 mg
Sodium 0.28 % 0.30 % 72 mg
Potassium 0.90 % 0.96 % 232 mg
Magnesium 0.109 % 0.116 % 28 mg
Taurine 0.35 % 0.37 % 90 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.68 % 0.72 % 176 mgMETABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,872 4,119
kcal/can 470
Weight oz/cup 4.3
Cups per lb 3.7
% Calories From: Protein 26 Fat 46 Carbohydrates 28
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
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HillsPrescription Dietz/dULTRA Allrg-Fr Fli
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Carbohydrate
omga-3 Fatt Acidomga-6 Fatt Acid
Antioxidants
Hydrolyzed
Refined source
HighIncreased
Added
Highly digestible animal protein source with an average molecular weight
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 8.9 % 33.7 % 8.2 g
Fat 4.8 % 18.2 % 4.4 gCarbohydrate (NFE) 10.7 % 40.5 % 9.9 g
Crude Fiber 0.4 % 1.5 % 0.4 g
Calcium 0.19 % 0.72 % 176 mg
Phosphorus 0.17 % 0.64 % 157 mg
Sodium 0.08 % 0.30 % 74 mg
Potassium 0.21 % 0.80 % 194 mg
Magnesium 0.017 % 0.064 % 16 mg
Taurine 0.10 % 0.38 % 93 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.12 % 0.45 % 111 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 1.07 % 4.05 % 990 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 1,081 4,095
kcal/can 169
% Calories From: Protein 28 Fat 37 Carbohydrates 35
CANNEDINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver, Water, Corn Starch, Soybean Oil, Powdered Cellulose, Calcium Carbonate, DL-Methionine, Potassium Chloride,Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline Chloride, Iodized Salt, Vitamin E Supplement, Taurine, Calcium Sulfate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Zinc Oxide,Ascorbic Acid (source of vitamin C), Ferrous Sulfate, Niacin, Beta-Carotene, Manganous Oxide, Copper Sulfate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, CalciumPantothenate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin, Biotin, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Calcium Iodate, Folic Acid, Sodium Selenite.
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
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HillsPrescription Dietz/dLw Allrg Fli
Adverse Reactions to Food & Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Gastrointestinal Disorders
KEY BENEFITS
Protein
Carbohydrate
omga-3 Fatt Acidomga-6 Fatt Acid
Antioxidants
Hydrolyzed
Single source
HighIncreased
Added
Highly digestible animal protein source with an average molecular weight
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 37.0 % 40.0 % 9.7 g
Fat 15.9 % 17.2 % 4.2 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 32.7 % 35.4 % 8.6 g
Crude Fiber 1.7 % 1.8 % 0.4 g
Calcium 0.65 % 0.71 % 172 mg
Phosphorus 0.56 % 0.61 % 147 mg
Sodium 0.33 % 0.36 % 88 mg
Potassium 0.68 % 0.74 % 180 mg
Magnesium 0.067 % 0.072 % 18 mg
Taurine 0.21 % 0.23 % 55 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.61 % 0.66 % 161 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 5.30 % 5.73 % 1,396 mg
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,797 4,105
kcal/cup 396
Weight oz/cup 3.7
Cups per lb 4.4
% Calories From: Protein 34 Fat 36 Carbohydrates 30
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Rice Protein Concentrate, Brewers Rice, Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver, Soybean Oil (preserved with BHA, propyl gallate and citric acid), PowderedCellulose, Hydrolyzed Chicken, Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Chloride, Glyceryl Monostearate, Choline Chloride, Dicalcium Phosphate,Vitamins (vitamin E supplement, l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calciumpantothenate, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), Iodized Salt, CalciumSulfate, Taurine, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), Ethoxyquin (apreservative), Beta-Carotene.
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
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HillsScience DietSensitive Skin Adult Canine
Adult dg with itiv ki
KEY BENEFITS FOR PET OWNERS
Uiqu PrtiCombination for Skin Health
High Fatt Acid Lvl
Superior Antioxidant Formula
Naturally Preserved
High-quality protein, including egg protein and other essential amino acids provide key building blocks forhealthy skin and a shiny coat.
High levels of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids to nourish skin and help replenish its natural oils.
A higher level of vitamins E + C versus major competitive brands.A powerful combination of antioxidants helps keep the immune system healthy. Antioxidants are known to helpslow cell damage. Vitamins E and C are known to support healthy skin and coat.
Mixed tocopherols (a form of vitamin E) preserve freshness and great taste.
Recommended for
Adult dg 1 6 ar f ag with dr, flak, itch ad itiv ki.
Additional information
Formulated with high levels of skin-essential nutrients: vitamins E and C, omega-6 andomega-3 fatty acids.
Supports skin and coat health to help avoid dry, flaky, itchy, sensitive skin, and dullunhealthy coat.
100% Guarantee pets will love the taste or consumers can return the unused portionfor a full refund.
Other products to consider
For dogs with skin problems due to adverse reactions to food or inflammatory skin conditions:Prescription Dietz/dCanine orPrescription Dietd/dCanine.
Not recommended for
Puppies, pregnant or nursing dogs.
Sensitive Skin Adult Canine:
Bags of 4.5 lbs (8533), 17.5 lbs (8534) and 35 lbs (8535)
Disease Category:
Animal feeding tests using AAFCO procedures substantiatethat Science DietSensitive Skin Adult Caninedryfood provides complete and balanced nutrition for themaintenance of adult dogs. These ranges are a startingpoint only and should be adjusted to maintain properweight. Mix increasing amounts of the pets new foodwith decreasing amounts of the old food over a 7-dayperiod. For maximum benefit, this product must be fedas the only food. Use of supplements or mixing with anyother food is not recommended.
Bd Wight (lb) Dry Cups
5 - 5/8
10 3/4- 1 1/8
20 11
/3- 13
/4
40 2 - 3
60 3 - 4
80 3 2/3- 5
100 4 1/3- 6
DAILY FEEDING AMOUNTS
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 25.3 % 27.5 % 6.7 g
Fat 16.0 % 17.4 % 4.2 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 44.8 % 48.7 % 11.8 g
Crude Fiber 1.3 % 1.4 % 0.3 g
Calcium 0.74 % 0.80 % 195 mg
Phosphorus 0.56 % 0.61 % 148 mg
Sodium 0.32 % 0.35 % 84 mg
Potassium 0.64 % 0.70 % 169 mg
Magnesium 0.078 % 0.085 % 21 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 1.37 % 1.49 % 361 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 4.61 % 5.01 % 1,216 mg
Vitamin C 305 mg/kg (ppm) 332 mg/kg (ppm) 8.05 mg
Vitamin E 559 mg/kg (ppm) 608 mg/kg (ppm) 14.75 IU/100 kcal
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,791 4,121
kcal/cup 374
Weight oz/cup 3.5
Cups per lb 4.6
% Calories From: Protein 23 Fat 36 Carbohydrates 41
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Brewers Rice, Ground Whole Grain Corn, Corn Gluten Meal, Pork Meal, Dried Egg Product, Soybean Oil, Flaxseed, Animal Fat (preserved withmixed tocopherols and citric acid), Chicken Liver Flavor, Potassium Chloride, L-Lysine, Iodized Salt, DL-Methionine, Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, biotin,vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), Calcium Carbonate, Choline Chloride, VitaminE Supplement, L-Tryptophan, preserved with Mixed Tocopherols and Citric Acid, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganousoxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), Taurine, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
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As Fed1 Dry Matter2 As Fed, Caloric Basis3
Protein 32.3 % 35.1 % 8.3 g
Fat 20.4 % 22.2 % 5.2 g
Carbohydrate (NFE) 33.6 % 36.5 % 8.6 g
Crude Fiber 0.7 % 0.8 % 0.2 g
Calcium 0.71 % 0.77 % 182 mg
Phosphorus 0.68 % 0.74 % 174 mg
Sodium 0.38 % 0.41 % 97 mg
Potassium 0.62 % 0.67 % 159 mg
Magnesium 0.056 % 0.061 % 14 mg
Taurine 0.19 % 0.21 % 49 mg
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids 0.44 % 0.48 % 113 mg
Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids 4.69 % 5.10 % 1,201 mg
Vitamin C 240 mg/kg (ppm) 261 mg/kg (ppm) 6.15 mg
Vitamin E 829 IU/kg 901 IU/kg 21.23 IU/100 kcal
METABOLIZABLE ENERGY
kcal/kg 3,904 4,243
kcal/cup 400
Weight oz/cup 3.6
Cups per lb 4.4
% Calories From: Protein 28 Fat 43 Carbohydrates 29
DRYINGREDIENTS
AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS
Brewers Rice, Corn Gluten Meal, Chicken By-Product Meal, Ground Whole Grain Corn, Animal Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citricacid), Dried Egg Product, Soybean Oil, Chicken Liver Flavor, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Choline Chloride, DL-Methionine, L-Lysine,Vitamins (l-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate [source of vitamin C], vitamin E supplement, niacin, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin A supplement, calciumpantothenate, riboflavin, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, vitamin D3 supplement), Vitamin E Supplement,Iodized Salt, Taurine, Fish Oil, Minerals (ferrous sulfate, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, calcium iodate, sodium selenite), preservedwith Mixed Tocopherols and Citric Acid, Beta-Carotene, L-Tryptophan, Rosemary Extract.
1-800-548-VETS (8387) .www.HillsVet.com
1. Differs from label guarantees which are either maximums or minimums. 2. The nutrient in the product after moisture is removed. It is used to make direct
comparisons of nutrient profiles with differing moisture contents. 3. Nutrient intake for every 100 kilocalories consumed.
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EPA and DHA in cutaneous cellular membranes may decrease
inflammation through competition with AA for metabolic
enzymes or because of the anti-inflammatory nature of the
eicosanoids produced. The rationale for specifically administering
products high in GLA is that GLA can be incorporated into
the skin, where it is rapidly elongated to DGLA. Because skin
lacks desaturase enzymes, DGLA is not further metabolized
to arachidonic acid. As a result, DGLA competes with AA formetabolic enzymes. Thus there is a decrease in AA-derived
eicosanoids and an increase in the anti-inflammatory eicosanoids.
ALA is an omega-3 PUFA that is metabolized to EPA and
DHA and incorporated into the skin of normal dogs. Findings
suggest that atopic dermatitis in human beings is associated
with a deficiency of -6-desaturase activity, which prevents the
rapid conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA in atopic individuals.
Comparable studies using atopic dogs and cats have not been
published. However, one study suggested that subsets of atopic
dogs exist with different fatty acid metabolic capabilities.
The use of fatty acids for treating atopic dermatitis and chronic
pruritus has been extensively studied in dogs. Unfortunately, most
of these studies have been uncontrolled, nonblinded clinical trials
using low doses of fatty acids for short periods. Well-controlled
clinical studies using placebos and high doses of fatty acids for
six weeks or more showed decreased pruritus in 0 to more than
50% of the patients. Dogs who did not have decreased pruritus
still showed improvement in other clinical signs, including
less erythroderma and skin edema. The benefit of fatty acid
supplementation is maximized in dogs if other contributing
diseases such as adverse reactions to food, flea hypersensitivity,
bacterial pyoderma, and Malasseziadermatitis are controlled.
Overall, it is probably safe to inform clients that 50 to 65% of
dogs with allergic dermatitis and otitis externa will improve
with modification in fatty acid intake, if secondary bacterial and
yeast infections are controlled. Synergistic effects have been
documented between fatty acid supplementation and use of
other antipruritic agents such as antihistamines
and glucocorticoids.
The use of fatty acids for management of allergic skin disease and
papulocrustous (miliary) dermatitis in cats has been reported. More
than 50% of allergic cats may improve, based on the results of
uncontrolled, nonblinded clinical trials.
Recommendation for use of fatty acids for inflammatory skin disease in
dogs and cats: deliver 50 to 250 mg total omega-3 fatty acids/kg body
weight/day, or 0.8 to 3.0% total omega-3 fatty acids in the food (dry
matter basis) with omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 2:1 to 5:1.
Use of fatty acid supplementation for patients
with arthritis
Canine models have been widely used to study the biological and
molecular mechanisms involved in cartilage matrix degradation
as the pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease progresses.
Mechanisms of cartilage metabolism in canine osteoarthritis (OA)
and the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids to ameliorate the
early events in the disease process have been investigated with
thesein vitromodels. These studies use cartilage tissue explants
exposed to a variety of different cytokines, growth factors
and chemical mediators that activate degradative enzymes
and metabolic factors that induce and propagate cartilage
matrix degradation. Studies were conducted to investigate the
potential for omega-3 fatty acids to modulate these degenerative
processes in canine cartilage metabolism. Importantly, EPA was
the only omega-3 fatty acid able to significantly decrease loss of
aggrecan and potentially ameliorate cartilage degradation in the
clinical setting.
Based on the results of these in vitrostudies, clinical studies were
conducted with a therapeutic food designed to be useful as a
nutrition aid for dogs with OA. Four clinical studies (randomized,
double-masked, controlled studies) were completed in dogs
with spontaneous OA fed either a control or a test food. The test
food contained a 39-fold increase in the total omega-3 fatty
acid concentration and a 39-fold increase in EPA concentration
compared to the control food. Owners could feed either a dry
food or a combination of a dry plus canned foods of the control
or test formulas. Studies were conducted as six-month (one study)
or three-month prospective studies (two studies) in veterinary
hospitals in the United States. A fourth study was conducted as a
three-month prospective study in two academic specialty practices
in the United States.
Investigators reported that the animals being fed the EPA-
supplemented test formula improved in several parameters
which were evaluated during scheduled physical examinations
throughout the studies. Veterinarians reported a significant
improvement in range of motion and ability to bear weight, along
with a decrease in pain (upon palpation of the affected joint) and
lameness as compared with the condition of these dogs prior
to participating in the studies. In addition, pet owners observed
improvements in multiple clinical signs associated with OA: rising
from rest, running, walking, and playing.
In the academic specialty practice study, variables were
assessed at the beginning of the study and at 45 and 90 days
after onset of feeding the control or test food. Additionally,
gait analyses using a computerized biomechanical force plate
were also conducted at the same time intervals. On clinical
orthopedic examination, a significantly greater percentage of
dogs consuming the test food were evaluated as improved vs.
those consuming the control food. In addition, more dogs in the
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test group had a reduction in pain at the end of the 90-day trial
when the affected joint was palpated. Vertical peak force was the
key parameter measured to determine weight bearing of affected
limbs. There was no significant change in mean peak force over
the duration of the 90-day feeding trial for the control group. The
mean vertical peak force increased significantly for the test group
over the same time interval. The percent mean change in vertical
peak force was also significantly different between groups,indicating that the test group increased weight bearing on the
affected limb over the course of the study. Additionally, only 31% of
dogs in the control group had improved weight bearing after the 90-
day feeding trial, whereas 82% of dogs in the test group increased
weight bearing; this difference was also statistically significant.
The objective of one clinical study was to determine if the test
food altered the dose of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAID) required to manage clinical signs in dogs with OA. In this
particular study, all dogs were administered the NSAID carprofen
to help manage clinical signs. At each evaluation period (three,
six, nine and 12 weeks), the veterinarian considered the results ofthe orthopedic examination and the pet owners assessment to
determine if lowering the dose of carprofen was feasible. For the
group consuming the test food, the mean carprofen dose reduction
was 25%. Significantly greater reductions in carprofen dose (mg/lb
body weight) were possible in the dogs consuming the test food
compared with the control food.
These clinical studies indicate that nutrition management
using a therapeutic food with high levels of total omega-3
fatty acids and EPA helps improve the clinical signs of OA in
dogs as measured by pet owner evaluation, clinical orthopedic
examination, and gait analysis of ground reaction forces.
Furthermore, doses of NSAID can often be reduced in dogs with
osteoarthritis consuming these types of foods.
Recommendation for use of fatty acids for canine osteoarthritis:
deliver 70 to 150 mg EPA/kg body weight/day, or 3.5 to 4.5%
total omega-3 fatty acids and 0.45 to 1.1% EPA in the food (dry
matter basis) with omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of around 0.7:1.
Use of fatty acid supplementation for patients with
chronic kidney disease
Recent studies in several species have suggested a potentialbenefit from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those with
systemic hypertension and inflammatory glomerular lesions. Dietary
supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids has been shown to be
beneficial in dogs with induced chronic kidney disease. Compared
with dogs fed foods high in saturated fats or omega-6 fatty acids,
dogs consuming a food supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids
had lower mortality, better renal function, fewer renal lesions, less
proteinuria and lower cholesterol levels. In dogs fed the food with
higher omega-3 fatty acid levels, renal function actually increased
and remained above baseline over 20 months of study. Lesions
of glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and interstitial
inflammatory cell infiltrates were also diminished in dogs fed the
food with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids.
Many therapeutic renal foods already contain sources of
omega-3 fatty acids and additional supplementation may not be
appropriate for animals already consuming these foods. There
is strong evidence from randomized, controlled clinical trials to
support a recommendation to feed therapeutic renal foods to
dogs and cats with stages 2, 3 and 4 CKD. The benefits shown
to accrue from this recommendation, including increased survival,
reduced risk of uremia, and improved quality of life, are of great
clinical consequence to owners and pets.
Recommendation for use of fatty acids for pets with chronic
kidney disease: deliver 200 to 250 mg total omega-3 fatty acids/
kg body weight/day or 1 to 2% total omega-3 fatty acids in the
food (dry matter basis) with omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 2:1 as
part of a therapeutic renal food.
Use of fatty acid supplementation for patients
with cancer
The use of high levels of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA)
has been evaluated in both experimental rodent models of
cancer and in naturally occurring cancer cases in dogs and
people. Results of well-controlled clinical trials in dogs suggest
that such dietary manipulation reverses metabolic abnormalities
(hyperinsulinism, hyperlactatemia) recognized in canine patients
with cancer, improves survival in dogs undergoing chemotherapy,
and improves quality of life. In other clinical trials, high levels ofdietary omega-3 fatty acids also appear to be protective against
the negative effects of radiation therapy.
Recommendation for use of fatty acids for dogs with cancer:
deliver 800 mg total omega-3 fatty acids/kg body weight/day
or 7.5% total omega-3 fatty acids in the food (dry matter basis)
with omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 0.3:1.
Use of fatty acid supplementation for patients
with heart disease
One study characterized the nutritional and cytokine alterations
in dogs with heart failure and tested the ability of fish oilto reduce cytokines and improve clinical outcome. Body
composition, insulin-like growth factor-1, fatty acids, and
cytokines were measured in 28 dogs with heart failure and
in five healthy controls. Dogs with heart failure then were
randomized to receive either fish oil or placebo for eight weeks.
All parameters were measured again at the end of the study
period. Baseline plasma AA, EPA and DHA concentrations
were lower in dogs with heart failure than in controls. Fish
oil supplementation decreased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1)
concentrations and improved cachexia compared with the
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placebo group. The mean caloric intake of the heart failure dogs
as a group was below the maintenance energy requirement, but
no difference was found in food intake between the fish oil and
placebo groups. Insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations and
reductions in circulating IL-1 concentrations over the study period
correlated with survival. These data demonstrate that canine
heart failure is associated with cachexia, alterations in fatty acids,
and reduced caloric intake. Fish oil supplementation decreasedIL-1 concentrations and improved cachexia.
Intravenous administration of omega-3 fatty acids has been
shown to prevent fatal ventricular arrhythmias in a canine
model of sudden cardiac death. Omega-3 fatty acids appear to
electrically stabilize myocardial cells by modulating ion channels.
Additional studies have shown that fish oil supplementation
reduces cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular premature contractions)
in dogs with cardiomyopathy.
Recommendation for use of fatty acids for dogs with heart
disease and/or cardiac dysrhythmias: deliver at least 65 to 100mg total omega-3 fatty acids/kg body weight/day or 0.5 to 1%
total omega-3 fatty acids in the food (dry matter basis) as part of
a therapeutic cardiac food.
HOW TO USE FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION
In answer to the question posed in the title of this article, it is
clear that dietary fatty acid levels well above those needed to
avoid fatty acid deficiency benefit some animals with seborrhea,
arthritis, allergic skin disease, chronic kidney disease, heart
disease and cancer. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid concentrations can
be increased by using a supplement (usually cold water marineoils) or changing to food(s) that contains flaxseed, fish meal and/
or sh oil as major ingredients. Dietary GLA concentrations can be
increased by using a supplement with evening primrose, borage
or black currant oil. Most commercial pet foods already exceed
the omega-6 essential fatty acid requirement for linoleic acid by
using vegetable oil and/or vegetable ingredients in their formulas.
Many commercial pet foods also contain levels of omega-3 fatty
acids higher than those found in popular fatty acid supplements
(Tabl 1 & 2).
What i l clar ar awr t th fllwig quti:
1)which fatty acid or combination of fatty acids is most effective,
2) what ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is optimal,
3) what absolute amount of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids is
appropriate in normal animals and what amount is effective in
animals with clinical disease,
4)what levels of other nutrients (vitamins, trace minerals) are
needed to allow fatty acid therapy to be effective and
5)what level of total dietary fat is needed to optimize fatty acid
metabolism and clinical efficacy.
Although definitive answers to these questions are lacking in
many situations, laboratory and clinical studies in a number of
species have established a daily dosage for total omega-3 fatty
acids that seems to be a reasonable starting point in patients
with inflammatory and other diseases. An initial dose of 50 to
250 mg of total omega-3 fatty acids (ALA, EPA and/or DHA) per
kg body weight per day seemed to be effective in a large number
of studies. This total dose can be supplied through a combination
of appropriate foods and supplements. It is important to note
that many therapeutic foods contain much higher levels of fatty
acids than those found in typical fatty acid supplements. Use of
fatty acids in management of a wide variety of conditions will be
easier and more cost effective if an appropriate food is used vs.
adding a fatty acid supplement to the regular diet. Very high levels
of omega-3 fatty acids appear beneficial in canine patients with
cancer and can only be provided effectively in a therapeutic food.
The risks and side effects of high levels of dietary fatty acids arefew. Soft feces, overt diarrhea, flatulence, vomiting and halitosis
(fishy breath) are most commonly noted at typical levels of
fatty acid supplementation. More serious potential side effects
include hemorrhage due to reduced platelet function, decreased
plasma vitamin E concentrations, and increased susceptibility to
oxidative injury. Hemorrhagic problems have not been recognized
in dogs consuming levels of omega-3 fatty acids found in pet
foods and typical supplements; cats, however, appear to be more
susceptible to hemorrhagic problems associated with fatty acid
supplementation, and caution should be used with high omega-3
fatty acid intake in cats.
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Foods Fd cumd (g)
Totalmga-6
consumed(mg)
Totalmga-3
consumed(mg)
HillsPrescription Dietd/dLamb Formula Canine Canned 451 3,972 1,488
HillsPrescription Dietd/dPotato & Duck Formula Canine Dry 161 4,854 1,164
HillsPrescription Dietd/dDuck Formula Canine Canned 624 4,932 1,248
Hills
Prescription Diet
d/d
Potato & Salmon Formula Canine Dry 162 4,206 2,100HillsPrescription Dietd/dSalmon Formula Canine Canned 613 5,148 4,350
HillsPrescription Dietd/dPotato & Venison Formula Canine Dry 161 4,932 1,146
HillsPrescription Dietd/dVenison Formula Canine Canned 550 4,950 1,098
HillsPrescription Dietd/dRice & Egg Formula Canine Dry 154 4,692 990
HillsPrescription Dietn/dCanine Canned 380 2,772 8,088
HillsPrescription Dietz/dULTRA Allergen-Free Canine Canned 617 6,102 738
HillsPrescription Dietz/dCanine Low Allergen Dry 163 4,812 618
HillsPrescription Dietz/dULTRA Allergen-Free Canine Dry 161 6,222 804
HillsPrescription Dieta/dCanine/Feline Canned 521 6,882 3,126
HillsPrescription Dietb/dCanine Dry 165 4,884 1,548
HillsPrescription Dietj/dCanine Canned 446 4,104 6,066
HillsPrescription Dietj/dCanine Dry 176 4,032 5,688
HillsScience DietAdult Original Canine Dry 162 5,310 726
HillsScience DietActive Adult Canine Dry 130 5,976 678
HillsScience DietLamb Meal & Rice Recipe Adult Canine Dry 162 4,815 1,002
HillsScience DietAdvanced Protection Adult Canine Dry 158 4,554 1,410
HillsScience DietSenior 7+ Original Canine Dry 163 4,590 1,710
HillsScience DietAdvanced Protection Senior 7+ Canine Dry 163 5,640 1,974
HillsScience DietLight Adult Canine Dry 200 5,988 618
HillsScience DietSensitive Skin Canine Dry 158 7,392 2,166
EukanubaAdult Maintenance Formula, dry 139 4,800 600
EukanubaReduced Fat Adult Formula, dry 155 3,600 600
EukanubaSenior Maintenance Formula, dry 142 3,600 600
Eukanuba Veterinary DietsSenior Plus, dry 142 4,200 600
Eukanuba Veterinary DietsResponseFP, dry 147 1,600 400
Eukanuba Veterinary DietsResponseFP, moist 475 9,600 1,200
Royal CaninIVDLimited Ingredient DietsPotato & Duck Canine Formula, dry 175 2,940 1,020
Royal CaninIVDLimited Ingredient DietsPotato & Rabbit Canine Formula, dry 177 3,120 1,380
Royal CaninIVDLimited Ingredient DietsWhitefish Canine Formula, moist 522 6,600 3,300
Royal CaninIVDLimited Ingredient DietsDuck Canine Formula, moist 536 5,340 720
Royal Canin Veterinary DietSkin Support SS21,dry 153 4,884 1,758
Royal Canin Veterinary DietHypoallergenic HP19,dry 143 7,158 1,158
Royal Canin Veterinary DietSensitivity RC21,dry 168 3,354 1,512
NutroUltraAdult, dry 166 7,998 1,290
NutroUltraSenior, dry 168 7,392 1,380
Purina Veterinary DietsLA Limited AntigenCanine Formula, dry 151 1,680 1,680
Supplements3V Capsfor Large & Giant Breeds 1 capsule 0 417
3V Capsfor Medium & Large Breeds 1 capsule 0 300
3V Capsfor Small & Medium Breeds 1 capsule 0 171
3V CapsLiquid 0.75 ml 0 187
3V CapsLiquid HR 1 ml 0 450
DermCaps100 lb 1 capsule 402 252
DermCapsES 1 capsule 368 123
DermCapsES Liquid 1 ml 375 130
DermCapsLiquid 1 ml 621 65
(Table 1 continues on next page)
Tabl 1
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Tabl 1. The total essential fatty acid intake for a 10-kg dog eating 600 kcal per day of selected commercial foods or being given one of the selected supplements.
Tabl 2. The total essential fatty acid intake for a 4.5-kg cat eating 260 kcal per day of selected commercial foods or being given one of the selected supplements.
Foods Fd cumd (g)
Totalmga-6
consumed(mg)
Totalmga-3
consumed(mg)
HillsPrescription Dietd/dDuck & Green Pea Formula Feline Dry 68 2,254 473
HillsPrescription Dietd/dDuck Formula Feline Canned 215 3,354 666
HillsPrescription Dietd/dRabbit & Green Pea Formula Feline Dry 69 2,304 460
HillsPrescription Dietd/dRabbit Formula Feline Canned 233 3,403 699
HillsPrescription Dietd/dVenison & Green Pea Formula Feline Dry 67 2,142 458
HillsPrescription Dietd/dVenison Formula Feline Canned 206 4,178 988
HillsPrescription Dietz/dULTRA Allergen-Free Feline Canned 241 2,574 289
HillsPrescription Dietz/dLow Allergen Feline Dry 69 3,630 419
HillsPrescription Dieta/dCanine/Feline Canned 226 3,344 1,422
HillsScience DietAdult Original Feline Dry 64 2,301 140
HillsScience DietAdvanced ProtectionAdult Feline Dry 66 2,025 354
HillsScience DietMature Adult 7+ Original Feline Dry 66 2,114 146
HillsScience DietAdvanced ProtectionSenior 7+ Feline Dry 68 1,932 361HillsScience DietSavory Salmon Entre Adult Feline Canned 250 2,072 1,147
HillsScience DietSensitive Skin Adult Feline Dry 67 3,123 294
EukanubaChicken & Rice Formula Cat Food, dry 55 2,158 302
EukanubaMature Care Formula for Cats, dry 61 2,049 411
Eukanuba Veterinary DietsResponse LB/Feline, moist 199 2,600 520
Royal CaninIVDLimited Ingredient DietsGreen Pea & Venison Feline Formula, dry 73 1,794 624
Royal Canin Veterinary DietFeline Hypoallergenic HP 23, dry 63 3,003 486
Royal Canin Veterinary DietFeline Sensitivity RD 30, dry 67 2,140 213
Royal Canin Skin Care 30Cat Food, dry 63 2,951 499
Royal Canin Adult Fit 32Cat Food, dry 68 2,462 322
Royal Canin Indoor 27Cat Food, dry 70 2,395 408
Royal Canin Persian 30
Cat Food, dry 60 2,889 481Supplements
3V Capsfor Small & Medium Breeds 1 capsule 0 171
3V CapsLiquid HR 1 ml 0 450
DermCapsES Liquid 1 ml 375 130
DermCapsLiquid 1 ml 621 65
DermCapsRegular 1 capsule 402 108
NutrivedO.F.A. Granules 1 scoop 539 129
EicosaDerm 1/2 pump 0 300
Welactin 1 pump 0 330-364
Nordic NaturalsOmega-3 1 capsule 0 350
Tabl 1 (continued)
Table 2
Supplements Fd cumd (g)
Totalmga-6
consumed(mg)
Totalmga-3
consumed(mg)
DermCapsRegular 1 capsule 402 108
NutrivedO.F.A. Granules 1 scoop 539 129
EicosaDerm 1 pump 0 600
Welactin 1 pump 0 330-364Nordic NaturalsOmega-3 1 capsule 0 350
Nordic NaturalsArctic Cod Liver Oil 1 capsule 0 280
Nordic NaturalsUltimate Omega 1 capsule 0 700
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What nw i Fatt Acid: Rlvi, Prtcti ad omga-3-Drivd Mdiatr
Philip Roudebush, DVM, DACVIM (SAIM)
Hills Scientific Affairs
Beneficial actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids were noted manyyears ago, but the underlying mechanisms for these effects are
poorly understood. It is clear that arachidonic acid is transformedinto many potent bioactive compounds such as prostaglandins,leukotrienes and lipoxins. The departure of fatty acids from simplyplaying structural roles in cell membranes and/or as energy storescame largely from the recognition of the rapid transformationof arachidonic acid to these potent eicosanoids by both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase mechanisms. Many of the classicprostaglandins and leukotriene mediators are pro-inflammatoryand play a decisive role in inflammation and/or in systems whereprostaglandins are key physiologic regulators. Inflammation is a vitalreaction, but it also plays a central role in many prevalent chronicdiseases such as osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, inflammatorybowel disease, cancer, brain aging/dementia, allergic dermatitis and
lower urinary tract disease.
In sharp contrast, it has become clear in recent years that counter-regulatory substances such as lipoxins are generated during theresolution of acute inflammation, and that these serve as agonistsfor endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This constitutesthe first evidence that the resolution of inflammation, which wasonce thought to be apassive process, is actually an active processthat involves up-regulating specific pro-resolution circuits. Thus,resolution of inflammation is an active endogenous process aimedat protecting the host from exacerbated inflammation.
THe oMeGA-3 FATTy ACID ConneCTIon
The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids remain an area of active research(Figure 1). Investigators have recently identified novel oxygenatedproducts generated by enzymatic processes from the precursoromega-3 fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA(docosahexaenoic acid). These new compounds possess potentactions in the resolution of inflammation and may also haveneuroprotective properties. The term resolvin(resolution phaseinteraction products) has been proposed for some of thesecompounds since they display both potent anti-inflammatory andimmunoregulatory properties, reducing neutrophil traffic and themagnitude of the inflammatory response. The termprotectin(or
neuroprotectin) has been proposed, given the protective actions ofsome of these compounds in neural and retinal tissues.
Resolvins are derived from both EPA (E series) and DHA (D series).Both the D and E classes of resolvins appear as biosyntheticproducts involving cell-to-cell interaction with vascular endothelialcells and are potent regulators of leukocyte infiltration.Specifically, resolvin E1 (RvE1) has been shown to dramaticallyreduce dermal inflammation, peritonitis, colitis, periodontitis,dendritic cell migration and interleukin (IL)-12 production inanimal models. Resolvins of the D series block tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-activity and act as potent regulators to limit leukocyteinfiltration into inflamed brain, skin and peritoneum.
Among the essential fatty acids, DHA is concentrated in thecentral nervous system, neurons and retina, where it is thought toregulate membrane fluidity and ion fluxes. The term docosanoidshas been proposed to describe products generated from DHA.DHA-derived docosatrienes have neuroprotective action in retinal
cells and can improve the sequelae associated with stroke anddementia. The termsprotectinor neuroprotectindescribe thesecompounds, which are rapidly generated from DHA and releasedlocally into tissues. There is emerging evidence that resolvins anddocosanoid compounds may also have immunoregulatory actionsby influencing antigen-presenting cells and T-cell traffic.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Fatty acid supplementation has been used for many years tohelp manage patients with a variety of inflammatory diseases.The underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects of fatty acidsupplementation have been poorly understood. Recent research
has identified novel oxygenated compounds termed resolvinsandprotectins, which are generated from the omega-3 fatty acids EPA andDHA. These endogenous lipid/chemical mediators are switched-onin the resolution phase of an inflammatory response, thus acting asbraking-signals in inflammation and reducing leukocyte-mediatedinjury in several different tissues (Figure 1). The discovery of resolvinsand protectins offers molecular mechanisms that could underliesome of the beneficial actions of dietary fatty acid supplementationobserved in many patients.
References
Arita M, Clish CB, Serhan CN. The contributions of aspirin and
microbial oxygenase to the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatoryresolvins: novel oxygenase products from omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2005;338:149-157.
Bannenberg GL, Chiang N, Ariel A, et al. Molecular circuits ofresolution: formation and actions of resolvins and protectins.
J Immunol2005;174:4345-4355. Schwab JM, Serhan CN. Lipoxins and new lipid mediators in the
resolution of inflammation. Curr Opin Pharm2006;6:414-420. Serhan CN. Novel eicosanoid and docosanoid mediators:
resolvins, docosatrienes and neuroprotectins. Curr Opin Clin NutrMetab Care2005;8:115-121.
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Figur 1(from Schwab JM, Serhan CN. Curr Opin Pharm2006).
Pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving: switch of lipid mediators over time during inflammation (ontogeny). (a) Hypothetical sequence of lipid-derived mediatorsmoderating the ontogeny of self-limited, acute inflammation: from onset (initiation, acute phase of inflammation) toward resolution (termination, return tohomeostasis). (b) Lipid mediators controlling influx into the inflammation site: switching from pro-inflammatory (PGE2, PGI2, LTB4) to anti-inflammatory andpro-resolution (LXA4). As exemplified by LTB4, AA-derived mediators foster extravasation and homing of inflammatory cells at the inflammatory site. In contrast,cell-cell interactions, exemplified by platelet-leukocytes within the vasculature and/or PMN-mucosal interactions, enhance generation of LXs. With time, aclass-shift occurs toward pro-resolving lipid-derived mediators (LXA4, Rvs, PDs) that block ongoing leukocyte extravasation into the inflammation site ascharacteristic hallmarks of inflammatory resolution. The -3/ -6-derived lipid mediators LXA4, ATL, Rv E/D series and PDs share anti-inflammatory propertiesbut have distinct impacts within resolution, suggesting a characteristic role in the orchestrated resolution program1,2.
1 Levy BD, Clish CB, Schmidt B, et al. Lipid mediator class switching during acute inflammation: signals in resolution. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:612619.2 Bannenberg N, Chiang A, Ariel M, et al. Molecular circuits of resolution: formation and actions of resolvins and protectins.J Immunol. 2005;174:43454355.
T
(a) Lipid mediator class switching orchestrates the sequence of resolution
Onset Resolution
-6 -3
-3 PUFA-derived:resolvins
protectins
Cell-cellinteraction:
lipoxins
Prostaglandinsleukotrienes
Initiation
PMN phagocytosis(b)
Lipid mediator class switching
Block recruitment/limiting leukocyte influx
Current Opinion in Pharmacology
VenuleVenule
VasodilationPGE2-LTB4
PGD2
PGE2
Vessel lumenVessel lumen PMN activation Blood flow
Resolution phase: RVE1 and PD1 stopextravasation and recruitment to the inflammation site
Acute inflammatory phase: AA-derived lipid mediator LTB4drives extravasation and recruitment to the inflammation site
Resolvins (E-series: D-series)NeuroprotectinsLXA4
Time
Terminationreturn to homeostasis
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0
30
40
20
10
60
70
50
80
90
100
NumberofCases
Allergic Reaction
Total
Beef - 95
Dairy - 55
Wheat - 42
Chicken - 24
Egg - 18
Lamb - 13
Soy - 13
Corn - 7
Pork - 7
Fish - 6
Rice - 5
Rviw f litratur cai fd allrg (1967-prt)
278 CAnIne CAses (prblm igrdit wa clarl idtifid)
REFERENCESCarlotti DN, Remy I, Prost C. Food allergy in dogs and cats. A review and report of 43 cases. Vet Dermatol1990;1:55-62.Chesney CJ. Food sensitivity in the dog: a quantitative study. J Sm Anim Pract2002;43:203-207.Elwood CM, Rutgers HC, Batt RM. Gastroscopic food sensitivity testing in 17 dogs.J Sm Anim Pract1994;35:199-203.Harvey RG. Food allergy and dietary intolerance in dogs: a report of 25 cases.J Sm Anim Pract1993;34:175-179.Ishida R, Masuda K, Sakaguchi M, et al. Antigen-specific histamine release in dogs with food hypersensitivity.J Vet Med Sci2003;65:435-438.Ishida R, Masuda K, Kurata K, et al. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to inciting food allergens in dogs with food hypersensitivity. J Vet Intern Med2004;18:25-30.Jeffers JG, Shanley KJ, Meyer EK. Diagnostic testing of dogs for food hypersensitivity.J Am Vet Med Assoc1991;189:245-250.Jeffers JG, Meyer EK, Sosis EJ. Responses of dogs with food allergies to single-ingredient dietary provocation.J Am Vet Med Assoc1996;209:608-611.Kunkle G, Horner S. Validity of skin testing for diagnosis of food allergy in dogs.J Am Vet Med Assoc1992;200:677-680.Mueller RS, Tsohalis J. Evaluation of serum allergen-specific IgE for the diagnosis of food adverse reactions in the dog. Vet Dermatol1998;9:167-171.Mueller RS, Friend S, Shipstone MA, et al. Diagnosis of canine claw disease a prospective study of 24 dogs. Vet Dermatol2000;11:133-141.
Nichols PR, Morris DO, Beale KM. A retrospective study of canine and feline cutaneous vasculitis. Vet Dermatol2001;12:255-264.Paterson S. Food hypersensitivity in 20 dogs with skin and gastrointestinal signs.J Sm Anim Pract1995;36:529-534.Tapp T, Griffin C, Rosenkrantz W, et al. Comparison of a commercial limited-antigen diet versus home-prepared diets in the diagnosis of canine adverse foodreactions. Vet Therapeutics2002;3:244-251.Walton GS. Skin responses in the dog and cat to ingested allergens. Vet Rec1967;81:709-713
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Rviw f litratur fli fd allrg (1967-prt)
56 FeLIne CAses (prblm igrdit wa clarl idtifid)
0
5
10
15
20
GI onlySkin & GISkin onlyTotal
Beef - 16
Dairy - 16
Wheat - 3
Chicken - 4
Egg - 2
Lamb - 4
Corn gluten/Corn - 4
Fish - 13
NumberofCases
Allergic Reaction
REFERENCESCarlotti DN, Remy I, Prost C. Food allergy in dogs and cats. A review and report of 43 cases. Vet Dermatol1990;1:55-62.Guaguere E. Food intolerance in cats with cutaneous manifestations: a review of 17 cases. Eur J Companion Anim Pract1995;5:27-35.Guilford WG, Jones BR, Harte JG, et al. Prevalence of food sensitivity in cats with chronic vomiting, diarrhea or pruritus (abstract).J Vet Intern Med1996;10:156.Guilford WG, Jones BR, Markwell PJ, et al. Food sensitivity in cats with chronic idiopathic gastrointestinal problems.J Vet Intern Med2001;15:7-13.Ishida R, Masuda K, Kurata K, et al. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to food antigens in cats with food hypersensitivity. Unpublished data. University ofTokyo, 2002.Reedy RM. Food hypersensitivity to lamb in a cat.J Am Vet Med Assoc1994;204:1039-1040.Stogdale L, Bomzon L, Bland van den Berg P. Food allergy in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1982;18:188-194.Walton GS. Skin responses in the dog and cat to ingested allergens. Vet Rec1967;81:709-713.Walton GS, Parish WE, Coombs RRA. Spontaneous allergic dermatitis and enteritis in a cat. Vet Rec1968;83:35-41.
White SD, Sequoia D. Food hypersensitivity in cats: 14 cases (1982-1987).J Am Vet Med Assoc1989;194:692-695.
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46 dogs (65%) completing the feeding trial had improvements in
pruritus and clinical scores. Of these 30 dogs, 22 had improvement
in pruritus that recurred after challenge with their original food,
indicating that an adverse food reaction was involved in their
clinical condition. Adverse food reaction alone was diagnosed in
nine dogs (20%), atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 17 dogs
(37%), and atopic dermatitis with concurrent adverse food reaction
was diagnosed in nine dogs (20%).
Concurrent signs of gastrointestinal disease were reported in six
dogs with adverse food reactions. These gastrointestinal signs
resolved in all cases and recurred in five dogs when challenged
with the original food. Average defecation frequency was higher
in dogs with adverse food reactions (3.1 times per day) than in
dogs without adverse food reactions (2.1 times per day). Overall,
19 of 21 dogs with concurrent signs of gastrointestinal disease had
complete resolution of their clinical signs during the dietary trial.
Prescription Diet z/d ULTRA Canine Dry is useful in the diagnosis of
adverse food reactions in dogs with non-seasonal pruritus when fed
exclusively at least six weeks.
Loeffler A, Soares-Magalhaes R, Bond R, et al. A retrospective
analysis of case series using home-prepared and chicken
hydrolysate diets in the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in
181 pruritic dogs. Vet Dermatol2006;17:273-279.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare home-
prepared and chicken hydrolysate foods in the diagnosis of
canine adverse reactions to food (ARF). Seventy-two dogs were
fed home-prepared foods and 109 were fed a hydrolysate-based
food (Prescription Diet z/d ULTRA Canine Dry). Owners chose the
type of food at presentation, and ingredients of home-prepared
diets were selected depending on each dogs dietary history.Ectoparasitic infestations and microbial infections were treated
during the trials. Cutaneous and gastrointestinal signs and
pruritus scores were recorded before starting the diet, six weeks
into the trials, and after provocation with the original foods. ARF
was diagnosed if pruritus resolved during the trial and recurred
on dietary provocation. The dropout rate was lower for home-
prepared foods, although not statistically significant (18.1%
home prepared; 24.7% hydrolysate, P = 0.377). ARF alone was
diagnosed in 10 dogs (17%) using home-prepared diets and in
15 (18.3%) fed the hydrolysate. Gastrointestinal problems were
more frequent in dogs with ARF than in dogs without ARF
(P = 0.001). Another 11 dogs (18.6%) in the home-prepared food
group and 20 (24.4%) in the hydrolysate diet group had ARF
concurrent with other pruritic diseases, mainly atopy. The similar
frequencies of ARF diagnosis in the two groups (P = 0.837 ARF;
P = 0.416 concurrent ARF) indicate that Prescription Diet z/d
ULTRA Canine may be a valuable alternative to home-prepared
foods in the diagnosis of canine ARF.
Madsen LM. A mysterious effusion. Vet Forum2003;20:24-28.
A 3-year-old male Norwich terrier was evaluated for respiratory
distress and found to have pleural effusion associated with
hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Diagnostic evaluation
showed evidence of protein-losing enteropathy due to
inflammatory bowel disease. The