Simple Machine!

LeversLeversPulley SystemPulley SystemInclined PlaneInclined PlaneWheel & AxleWheel & Axle

GearsGears

Levers !

First Class Lever

LoadFulcrum

EffortFulcrum = Pivoting Point

Load

Effort 30g

100g

Load

Effort

First Class Lever(Examples)

ScissorsPliers

See-sawCrowbar

Second Class Lever !!

Load

Fulcrum

Effort

100g

30g

Load

Fulcrum

Effort

100g

30g

Second Class Lever(Examples)

WheelbarrowNutcracker

Bottle cap opener

Third Class Lever !!

Load

Fulcrum

Effort

Load 100g

Fulcrum

Effort 300g

Load 100g

Fulcrum

Effort 300g

Greater Effort!

Faster Speed!

Third Class Lever(Example)

BroomFishing rod

Ice tong

Pulley !

Fixed Pulley System !

Load

Effort

Effort and load move in opposite direction.

Load

100g Effort

100g ?

120g ?

Effort needed equals

the Load if no

friction.

Effort needed greater than

Load, to overcome friction.

Load

Effort

5 cm5 cm

Effort and load travel

equal distance.

Load

Effort

Advantage;

Changes the

direction of an applied

force.

Movable Pulley System !

Load

Effort

Effort and load move in

same direction.

Load

Effort

Effort travels

twice the distance

compared to the load.

Load 100g

Effort 60g

Effort needed is less than the load.

Load

Effort Allows a smaller effort to overcome a greater load.

Pulley System !!

Load

Effort

Effort and load move in opposite direction.

Load

Effort

Effort travels greater

distance compared

to the load.

Load 100g

Effort 50g

Effort needed is less than the load.

Load 100g

Effort 50g

Pulley System

Advantage 1

Allows a smaller force to overcome

a greater load.

Advantage 2

Changes the direction of an applied force.

Inclined Plane !!

Load = 100g

Effort = 100g

Effort = 70g Effort = 60g

Load needs to travel longer distance.

Load needs to travel even longer distance.

Examples of Inclined Plane

staircasesharp point of needlesharp point of iron nail

sharp end of an axe/knife

Wheel & Axle !!

Load

Effort

Axle

Wheel

Wheel & Axle

Axle

Wheel

Load Effort

Effort & load moves in opposite direction.

Axle

Wheel

Load Effort

A smaller effort is needed to lift the load.

Axle

Wheel

Load Effort

Effort travels a greater distance than the load.

Examples of Wheel & Axle

door handle/ knobscrew driver

bicycle handle-barsteering wheel

Gears !!!

Gear is a

wheel

with

teeth

Gear can rotate

clockwise.

Gear can rotate

anti-clockwise.

Inter-locking gears.

Changes the direction of an inter-locking gear.

Inter-locking gears.

Changes the speed of a smaller inter-locking gear with fewer teeth.

16 teeth

8 teeth

Two gears joined by a chain.

Gear A & B move in SAME direction.

Gear B moves at faster speed than Gear A

A B