P42-1D-94 Protective Coating Philosophy

Form 10001 (7/96)

PROTECTIVE COATING PHILOSOPHY P42-1D-94

DESIGN SPECIFICATION

DATE: APR 1994 PAGE 1 OF 9

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Title Page No.1. GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Industry Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 Regulations and Material Safety Data Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. SURFACE PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 Abrasive Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 Alternate Methods of Surface Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2 Touch-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 Shop versus Field Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44. COATING SYSTEM SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 Piping and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 Precautions for S.S, High Alloy, and Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 Rotating, Special, and Utility Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.6 Manufacturer's Standard Coating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 Underground Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 Concrete Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 Finish Colors and Color Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85. MATERIALS AND INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.2 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1. GENERAL

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This specification covers the general philosophy for external coating systems for piping, equipment,machinery, structural steel, and concrete for humid and industrial environments.

1.1.2 Coating systems for the following environments are not within the scope of this specification.

a. Marine exposure applications having high concentrations of chlorides in the atmosphere.b. Offshore, tidal, and splash zone applications.c. Chemical exposures having high concentrations of corrosive fumes or chemicals.d. Immersion, intermittent immersion, and splash and spillage applications.

1.1.3 The painting of architectural type buildings, such as administrative buildings, control houses, andcontrol rooms, will be covered by the architectural specifications and drawings.

1.2 Industry Standards

The Industry Standards referenced herein and their applicable dates of issue are as follows. EquivalentISO or other international standards may be used with the prior approval of the Purchaser.

STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL (SSPC)SSPC-PA 1-82, "Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting" (Editorial Changes AUG 91)SSPC-PA 2-82, "Guide to Safety in Paint Application" (Editorial Changes AUG 91)SSPC-Vis 1-89, Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel"SSPC-SP 1-82, "Solvent Cleaning"SSPC-SP-2-82, "Hand Tool Cleaning" (Editorial Changes SEP 89)SSPC-SP 3-82, "Brush-Off Blast Cleaning" (Editorial Changes SEP 89 and JUN 91)

Form 10001 (7/96)




SSPC-SP 10-85, "Near-White Blast Cleaning" (Editorial Changes SEP 89 and JUN 91)SSPC-SP 11-87, "Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal" (Editorial Changes SEP 89 and JUN 91)

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)AISC "Test Method to Determine the Slip Coefficient for Coatings Used in Bolted Joints"

"Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design" - 9th Edition, 1989

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)ASTM A123-89a, "Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products"ASTM A143-74, "Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products

and Procedures for Detecting Embrittlement"ASTM A153-82, "Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware" (R 1987)ASTM A325-93, "Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength"ASTM A385-80, "Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)" (R 1991)ASTM A780-93, "Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings"ASTM B695-91, "Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel"ASTM D4285-83, "Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air" (R 1988)ASTM D4417-93, "Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel"

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)

1.3 Definitions

C.S. - Carbon steel and low chrome (1-1/4 Cr through 9 Cr) alloys.S.S. - Austenitic stainless steel, such as 304, 316, 321, 347 etc.Non-ferrous - Copper, aluminum, and their alloys.High Alloy - Monel, Inconel, Incoloy, Alloy 20, Hastelloy, etc.

1.4 Regulations and Material Safety Data Sheets

1.4.1 Protective coatings shall comply with all applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulationson surface preparation, coating application, storage, handling, safety, and environmental requirements,including the recommendations of SSPC-PA 3.

1.4.2 The latest issue of the coating manufacturer's product data sheets, application instructions, andMaterial Safety Data Sheets shall be available and complied with during painting operations.

1.4.3 Abrasives containing silica shall NOT be used for any open air blasting operations unless anapplication specific waiver has been granted and all necessary safety precautions are taken.

2. SURFACE PREPARATION

2.1 General

2.1.1 Prior to surface preparation, all visible oil and grease shall be removed by cleaning in accordancewith SSPC-SP 1. Alternately, high pressure water blasting or steam cleaning may be used to remove oil,grease, and other surface contaminants. All shop primed surfaces shall be water washed, preferably withhigh pressure water, to remove contaminants prior to topcoating.

2.1.2 Generally, all C.S. materials shall be abrasive blast cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP 10. Theanchor profile shall be based on the total thickness of the coating system to be applied. An anchor profileof 15 to 20% of the total coating thickness is recommended for external coating systems, and an anchorprofile of 20 to 25% is recommended for underground applications and coatings used with cathodicprotection. The anchor profile shall be verified in accordance with ASTM D4417 Method C using eithercourse or extra course replica tape and a spring loaded micrometer.

Form 10001 (7/96)




2.1.3 To reduce the possibility of contaminating S.S., blasting is not usually specified. However, forcoatings which require a blast cleaned surface for proper adhesion, S.S. may be blast cleaned inaccordance with SSPC-SP 7 using clean aluminum oxide or garnet abrasives. When hand or power toolcleaning is required on S.S., only S.S. (including 410 S.S.) wire brushes which have not been previouslyused on C.S. surfaces may be used.

2.2 Abrasive Blasting

2.2.1 Abrasive blast cleaning shall be performed with a clean sharp grade of abrasive. Grain size shall besuitable for producing the specified anchor profile. All abrasives shall be free of all dust, dirt, and otherforeign matter. They shall be kept dry at all times and shall NOT be recycled unless specifically permittedby the Purchaser.

2.2.2 Abrasive blast cleaning shall NOT be performed when the ambient or the substrate temperaturesare less than 5F (3C) above the dew point temperature.

2.2.3 Blast cleaned surfaces which show evidence of rust bloom or that have been left uncoatedovernight shall be recleaned to the specified degree of cleanliness prior to coating.

2.2.4 The blast cleaning air compressor shall be equipped with adequately sized and properly maintainedoil and water separators. The air supply shall be checked for oil and water contamination at the beginningof each work shift following the procedures of ASTM D4285. The blasting compressor shall be capable ofmaintaining 100 psig (7 kPa) minimum at the nozzle.

2.2.5 All blast cleaned surfaces shall be inspected for proper cleaning prior to painting. SSPC-Vis 1 shallbe used as a visual standard for confirming the degree of surface cleanliness, when adequacy of cleaningis in question.

2.2.6 Galvanized surfaces requiring painting shall be blast cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP 7 orgiven a phosphoric acid pretreatment prior to painting. Vinyl wash primers shall NOT be used.

2.2.7 Concrete shall be allowed to cure a minimum of 30 days prior to start of surface preparation.

a. Concrete surfaces shall be brush-off blast cleaned until all surface laitance and contamination havebeen removed and a slightly etched profile, similar to sand paper, has been attained.

b. All exposed voids, honeycombing, bug-holes, imperfections, and hair line cracks shall be patched orrepaired using a suitable filler to form a mortar.

c. All grit and dust shall be removed after blasting and before coating application. Removal shall be bycombination of blowing clean with compressed air followed by a thorough vacuum cleaning with anindustrial grade heavy duty vacuum cleaner.

2.3 Alternate Methods of Surface Preparation

2.3.1 When open air blasting is not permitted on site or when space limitations or surface configurationspreclude blasting, the alternate cleaning methods listed below may be used with prior approval. Alternatecleaning methods shall consider the degree of surface cleanliness and anchor profile required by thespecified coating system.

a. Vacuum blasting.b. Wet jet abrasive blasting.c. High pressure water blasting, with or without abrasives.d. Power tool cleaning in accordance with SSPC-SP 11.e. Hand or power tool cleaning in accordance with SSPC-SP 2 or SP 3.

2.3.2 Normally, hand and/or power tool cleaning shall only be used for spot repair where abrasive blastingis not permitted or is impractical, and on items which could be damaged by abrasive blasting. Power toolcleaning shall NOT be done with tools which polish the surface (e.g., power wire brushes).

Form 10001 (7/96)




3. APPLICATION

3.1 General

3.1.1 All coating procedures shall be in accordance with SSPC-PA 1, the coating manufacturer'spublished data sheets, and application instructions and the requirements contained herein.

3.1.2 Any thinning of coating materials shall be in strict accordance with the coating manufacturer'sproduct data sheets and application instructions and shall NOT exceed the maximum allowable volatileorganic components (VOC) level for the material involved.

3.1.3 Painting shall NOT take place during adverse weather conditions or when these conditions areexpected prior to the paint drying. Paint may be applied indoors anytime provided the conditions listedbelow are not present. Generally, paint shall NOT be applied while any of the following conditions arepresent:

a. Temperature - Ambient, substrate or coating material temperatures are above 120F (49C), below50F (10C), or outside the range recommended by the coating manufacturer.

b. Humidity - The ambient or the substrate temperature is less than 5F (3C) above the dew point, oroutside the range recommended by the coating manufacturer.

c. Wind - During strong or gusty conditions especially by spraying.

d. Weather - During rain, snow, fog, on damp surfaces or surfaces which may have frost.

3.1.4 Each coat of paint shall be of a contrasting color to indicate extent of coverage.

3.1.5 Each coat of multiple coat systems shall be allowed to cure sufficiently in accordance with thecoating manufacturer's directions prior to topcoating. Care shall be taken not to exceed the maximumrecoat time.

3.1.6 The DFT of each coat shall be checked in accordance with the procedures defined by SSPC-PA 2using a magnetic gage that has been properly calibrated. Coating thickness on S.S. shall be checkedusing a Type 2 magnetic gauge suitable for use on non-ferrous substrates. Thickness gauges shall beadjusted to compensate for the substrate effect, prior to application of any coating.

3.1.7 For field fabricated tanks, preconstruction primers shall be used whenever practical to minimizecorrosion during shipment, storage, and erection. Preconstruction primers shall be completely removed inthe field. However, inorganic zinc preconstruction primers which are in good condition, may be thoroughlycleaned with high pressure water, brush-off blast cleaned, and the entire coating system field applied.

3.1.8 Packaged equipment and skid mounted units shall be primed and finish painted in the shop.

3.2 Touch-Up

3.2.1 Prior to application of any coat, all damage to the previous coat(s) shall be touched-up. Damage tofinished work shall be thoroughly cleaned and recoated.

3.2.2 Items supplied with the manufacturer's standard coating system shall be touched-up with the samegeneric coating system or recoated.

3.2.3 Damaged galvanizing shall be repaired in accordance with ASTM A780 or equivalent procedures.

3.3 Shop versus Field Painting

The extent of shop and field painting will be made early in each project jointly by Engineering,Procurement and Construction, based on project requirements and other controlling factors such asschedules, economics, coating materials, site and shop conditions.

Form 10001 (7/96)




4. COATING SYSTEM SELECTION

4.1 General

4.1.1 Coating system selection shall take into consideration the materials of construction and theoperating temperature; including any cyclic, intermittent, or dual operating temperatures, such assteam-out and regeneration.

4.1.2 The following surfaces shall NOT be coated unless otherwise specified. Appropriate measuresshall be taken to protect these surfaces during blasting and coating of adjacent surfaces.

a. Uninsulated S.S.,b. Insulated C.S. continuously under -50F (-46C) or over 250F (121C).c. Insulated S.S. continuously under -50F (-46C) or over 400F (204C).d. Non-ferrous and high alloy materials such as Monel, Inconel, Incoloy, Alloy 20, Hastelloy.e. Non-metallic surfaces; such as, rubber, plastic, mastic, slate, glass, tile.f. Machined surfaces such as flange facings, valve stems.g. Internal surfaces of pipe, equipment, and tanks.h. Brickwork, concrete, fireproofing, floors, pavement, etc.i. Metal jacketing over insulation.j. Name plates and identification tags.

4.2 Piping and Equipment

4.2.1 Piping and equipment shall be coated using the generic coating systems listed in Table I. Thetemperature limits may be adjusted, depending on the coating material selected. The "Ref No" listed inTable I is included as a shortform identification of the Generic Coating System only. Additionalproject-specific paint codes which identify the detailed systems and materials selected may be developedas necessary.

TABLE I - COATING SYSTEMS FOR PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

Ref No Application Generic Coating System *

S1 Uninsulated C.S. to 200F (93C) Primer - Inorganic Zinc or Zinc Rich EpoxyFinish - Epoxy

S2 Uninsulated C.S. 200F to 400F (93C to 204C) Primer - Inorganic ZincFinish - Silicone Acrylic

S3 Uninsulated C.S. 400F to 1000F (204C to 538C) Primer - Inorganic ZincFinish - Modified Silicone Aluminum

S4 Uninsulated C.S. to 1000F (538C) Primer - Inorganic ZincFinish - Inorganic Topcoat

S5 Insulated C.S., S.S. and fireproofed equipment supports Barrier coating or High Temperature Barrier-50F to 250F (-46C to 121C) Coating

S6 High Temperature Barrier CoatingInsulated S.S. and fireproofed equipment supports 250Fto 400F (121C to 204C)

S7 S.S. normally < 400F (204C) having cyclic, intermittent High Temperature Barrier CoatingInsulated C.S. normally < 250F (121C) or Insulated

or dual operating temperatures up to 450F (232C)

S8 cyclic, intermittent or dual operating temperatures up to Modified Silicone BlackInsulated S.S. 300F to 400F (149C to 204C) having

1000F (538C)

S9 S.S. normally < 400F (204C) having cyclic, intermittent Modified InorganicInsulated C.S. normally < 250F (121C) or Insulated

or dual operating temperatures up to 1400F (760C)

* See Para. 5.1.4 for description of terms.

Form 10001 (7/96)




4.2.2 The barrier coatings listed above may be field applied over shop applied primers.

4.2.3 The number of coating systems on partially insulated equipment shall be kept to a minimum. Normally, the following philosophy shall be followed:

a. Partially insulated exchangers, having operating temperature below 300F (149C) shall have allsurfaces including saddles coated with a barrier coating.

b. Protrusions through insulation systems, such as clips, brackets, etc., shall be coated with the barriercoating used on the adjacent insulated surface.

c. Finish painting may be eliminated on the inside of skirts and on miscellaneous protrusions throughinsulation systems on items having operating temperatures over 250F (121C).

4.2.4 For refractory lined surfaces, the external steel temperature including expected hot spots shall beused when selecting the coating system.

4.2.5 Wind girders and the lower two feet (610 mm) of tank shells shall receive an intermediate coat ofepoxy or an addition coat of finish paint.

4.2.6 The underside of tank bottom plates in contact with the soil shall be coated with a barrier coatingwhen cathodic protection is used. The barrier coating shall NOT be used when cathodic protection is notused; however, all mill scale shall be removed by abrasive blasting.

4.2.7 Items which may be damaged by abrasive blasting; such as, valves and steam trap manifolds, etc.,shall be coated with surface tolerant coatings or left with the manufacturer's standard finish.

4.2.8 On shop fabricated piping and equipment, C.S. weld bevels and surfaces 2 inches (50 mm) fromsurfaces to be field welded shall be coated with a weldable rust inhibitor. Machined C.S. surfaces, suchas threads and flange facings, shall be coated with a petroleum soluble rust inhibitor.

4.3 Precautions for S.S., High Alloy, and Aluminum

4.3.1 Special care shall be taken to assure the protection of S.S. and high alloy materials from blastingand coating operations (especially the overspray of coatings containing zinc) intended for other materials.

4.3.2 S.S. and high alloy materials may be protected by shielding or by coating the S.S. or high alloysurface with a suitable coating prior to coating the adjacent C.S. surface.

4.3.3 S.S. components, such as valves, steam traps, strainers, etc., in C.S. piping systems shall NOT becoated or shall be coated with a coating which is suitable for S.S. materials.

4.3.4 Aluminum shall NOT be in direct contact with concrete. Suitable barrier coatings, such as epoxy orcoal tar epoxy, shall be used to isolate aluminum from concrete.

4.4 Structural Steel

4.4.1 Structural steel shall normally be shop primed with inorganic zinc or as an alternative hot-dipgalvanized in accordance with Paragraph 4.4.3.

a. Platforms, handrails, safety cages, ladders, stairs, stair treads, grating, structural bolting, anchorbolting, and miscellaneous structural steel shall be galvanized.

b. Structural steel integral with equipment shall be coated the same as the equipment.

c. Furnace penthouse steel will be coated with an epoxy coating system.

d. Fireproofed steel may be either galvanized, primed with inorganic zinc or bare. However, steelfireproofed with proprietary materials shall be coated as recommended by the fireproofingmanufacturer.

e. C.S. embedments in concrete may be either hot-dip galvanized or epoxy coated.

Form 10001 (7/96)




4.4.2 Contact surfaces of steel members to be joined by high-tensile bolting in friction-type joints shall bepainted with inorganic zinc primers which have been tested and approved in accordance with AISCprocedures.

4.4.3 Galvanizing of structural members, assemblies, and components shall be in accordance with thefollowing specifications:

a. Structural members and fabricated assemblies shall be hot-dip galvanized in accordance withASTM A123.

b. Hardware, fasteners, and threaded components shall be hot-dip galvanized in accordance withASTM A153. As an alternative, threaded components may be mechanically galvanized inaccordance with ASTM B695, Class 50 or above.

c. High strength bolting which is galvanized shall be either ASTM A325 Type 1 bolting or mechanicalgalvanized in accordance with ASTM B695 Class 50 or above.

d. Bolting having proprietary coatings, such as baked on epoxy or fluoropolymers, may be used only withprior Purchaser's approval.

e. The recommendations in ASTM A143 for avoiding hydrogen embrittlement shall be followed.

4.5 Rotating, Special and Utility Equipment

4.5.1 Rotating special and utility equipment, including packaged units shall be coated with themanufacturer's standard coating system which meets the following requirements:

a. Shall be suitable for the intended service and maximum operating temperature.

b. Coatings shall be lead, chromate, and asbestos free.

4.5.2 Coating systems for skid mounted and packaged units consisting of piping and equipment (such asboilers, refrigeration packages, PSA units) will be specified on an individual basis on the project datasheets. The manufacturer's standard coating system may be used when reviewed and approved by thePurchaser.

4.5.3 As an alternative to the manufacturer's standard coating system the following coating systems areacceptable:

TABLE II - ALTERNATIVE COATING SYSTEMS FOR ROTATING, SPECIAL AND UTILITY EQUIPMENT

Ref No Application Generic Coating System *S10 Uninsulated and Insulated C.S. to 250F (120C) High build epoxy

S11 Uninsulated and Insulated C.S. over 250F (120C) Primer - Inorganic ZincFinish - As required by Table I

* See Para. 5.1.4 for description of terms.

4.5.4 Surfaces which will be inaccessible after assembly, such as the underside of skids, shall be coatedbefore assembly.

4.5.5 Machinery baseplates to be set in epoxy grout shall have all grouting surfaces of baseplatedegreased and cleaned, preferably by blasting, and primed with one coat of epoxy primer compatible withthe epoxy grout.

4.6 Manufacturer's Standard Coating Systems

4.6.1 "Off-the-shelf" or "stock" items; such as valves, gauges, electric and instrument components shallbe supplied with the manufacturer's standard coating system.

4.6.2 Manufacturer's standard coatings which must be top coated to match a color scheme or for otherreasons shall be primed with a universal primer and finish painted or coated with a surface tolerant highsolids epoxy.

Form 10001 (7/96)




4.7 Underground Piping

4.7.1 Underground piping shall be coated as follows:

a. C.S. with operating temperatures up to 160F (71C) shall be coated with either extruded plastic,fusion bonded epoxy, epoxy, coal tar epoxy, or coal tar enamel. Tape wraps may be considered withprior Kellogg approval.

b. C.S. with operating temperatures over 160F (71C) and S.S. and high alloy shall be considered onan individual basis.

4.7.2 Field girth welds, fittings, flanges, and valves shall be coated with either a tape wrap system or abarrier coating system such as epoxy or coal tar epoxy. Irregular surfaces such as flanges and valvesmay be coated with mastics or moldable tapes.

4.7.3 FRP, PVC, and vitrified clay piping do not require any external coatings.

4.7.4 Concrete, cast iron, and ductile pipe normally do not require any coatings. However, externalcoatings may be required for corrosive soil conditions, such as in areas having high groundwater levels,high concentrations of chlorides, and low soil resistivities.

4.8 Concrete Surfaces

4.8.1 The need for coating or sealing concrete surfaces, such as sumps, trenches, and containmentareas, shall be considered on an individual basis taking into consideration any chemical exposure or dustsuppression requirements in the area.

4.8.2 Materials used for coating or sealing concrete include thin film coatings, flake or laminate reinforcedcoatings, monolithic coatings, polymer concrete, and concrete admixtures. Resins normally used withthese systems include acrylic, epoxy, novolac, polyester, vinyl, vinyl ester, polyurethane, silicate, andsiloxane.

4.8.3 When a non-skid finish is required a suitably sized grit shall be either added to the coating systemor broadcasted on the base coat while still wet followed by a finish coat to encapsulate the grit.

4.9 Finish Colors and Color Coding

4.9.1 Finish colors shall be as specified below unless otherwise specified in project documents. Hightemperature coatings may be aluminum.

Pipe and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GrayOffsite tanks and spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WhiteLight product (e.g., propane) storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White or AluminumUninsulated heavy product (e.g., heavy crude, asphalt) storage tanks . . . . . BlackStructural steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gray or GalvanizedRefractory lined equipment, pipe, and ductwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or Dark GrayMachinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mfr. Std.Electrical equipment and components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mfr. Std.Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mfr. Std.

4.9.2 The safety or hazard warning color coding used shall be as specified by the Client. Unlessotherwise specified, all safety equipment shall be "safety green" and all fire fighting piping and equipmentshall be "safety red" in accordance with NEMA Z535.1.

4.9.3 Stacks shall be painted with the applicable aviation color coding system when required by localregulations.

4.9.4 Identification schemes for piping services shall be as specified by the Client.

Form 10001 (7/96)




5. MATERIALS AND INSPECTION

5.1 Materials

5.1.1 All coating materials shall be free of lead, chromates, and asbestos.

5.1.2 Coatings and solvents for use on S.S. and high alloy materials shall be free of substances; e.g.,chlorides, sulfur, halogens or metallic pigments, which can harmfully affect S.S. or high alloy materials. Chlorinated and aliphatic solvents shall NOT be used on S.S. and high alloy materials.

5.1.3 Color coding and fabrication markings on S.S. and high alloy materials shall be with low chloridemarkers only.

5.1.4 Generic descriptions of the coatings referenced herein are as follows:

a. Inorganic Zinc - Inorganic zinc rich primer, self-curing, two-component, water or solvent based,minimum 85% zinc by weight in the dry film, and heat resistant to 750F (400C).

b. Zinc Rich Epoxy - Zinc rich epoxy primer, two or three component, heat resistant to 200F (93C).

c. Epoxy Shop Primer - Rust inhibitor epoxy primer having an extended recoat time.

d. Epoxy - High build polyamide epoxy finish, heat resistant to 200F (93C).

e. Surface Tolerant - Epoxy suitable for application over surfaces having marginal surface preparationor over aged coatings.

f. Acrylic - Acrylic finish, minimum heat resistant to 200F (93C).

g. Polyurethane - Aliphatic polyurethane, heat resistant to 200F (93C).

h. Silicone Acrylic - Air drying silicone acrylic, heat resistant to 400F (204C).

i. Modified Silicone Aluminum - Aluminum pigmented, air drying silicone, suitable for use overinorganic zinc, heat resistant to 1000F (538C).

j. Modified Silicone Black - Air drying silicone, black color, suitable for use over S.S., heat resistant to800F (427C).

k. Inorganic Topcoat - Inorganic topcoat, such as silicates and polysiloxanes, suitable for use overinorganic zinc primers, color stable and heat resistant to 750F (400C).

l. Modified Inorganic - High temperature barrier coating, suitable for use under insulation, heatresistant to 1400F (760C). Modified Polysiloxane.

m. Barrier Coating - Lining grade barrier coating suitable for use under insulation, heat resistant to300F (149C). Epoxy phenolic, epoxy amine, epoxy amine-adduct, coal tar epoxy or fusion bondedepoxy. Epoxy polyamide coatings may be used for temperatures up to 140F (60C).

n. High Temperature Barrier Coating - Lining grade barrier coating suitable for use under insulation,heat resistant to 400F (204C). Special high temperature epoxy and coal tar epoxy formulations.

o. Coal Tar Enamel - Fully plasticized coal tar enamel applied over a synthetic rubber primer.

p. Tape Wrap - Cold applied tape, heat shrinkable, or petrolatum tape wrap systems.

q. Extruded Plastic - Extruded polyethylene or polypropylene over a mastic or butyl rubber adhesive.

5.2 Inspection

All subcontracted materials, equipment, and work shall be subject to inspection by Kellogg or third partyinspector at all times.

P42-1D-94 Protective Coating Philosophy

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