P11451 System Design Review Cook Stove Test Stand Group January 14 th 2011 David Sam (ME) Huseyin...
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Transcript of P11451 System Design Review Cook Stove Test Stand Group January 14 th 2011 David Sam (ME) Huseyin...
P11451 System Design ReviewCook Stove Test Stand Group
January 14th 2011
David Sam (ME)Huseyin Zorba (ISE)Phillip Amsler (ME)
Agenda• Project Description• Customer Needs• Engineering Specifications• System Level Work• Work Breakdown• Fish Bone Diagram• Schedule• Risk List• Test Stand Hardware Outputs• Modifications to Test Stand• Testing Extreme Conditions• Error Testing and Benchmarking• Particulate Measurement Concept Selection
Project Description
• The mission of P11451 is to define test methods and document testing procedures relevant to the Haitian customer needs
• Deliverables:– Functioning test stand– Documented testing procedure– Documented benchmark results against published
results– Produce results for project teams P11461 and P11462
Customer NeedsRevision #: 3
Customer Need #
Importance Description Comments/Status
CN1 1Accurate Statistical Results:Repeatable results, minimize variability and quantify uncertainty
Main customer need, by minimizing variability we can achieve repeatable results and quantify our uncertainty.
CN2 1 Document standardized water boil testDocument a water boil test or modified water boil test with a test procedure and user manual.
CN3 1 Document standardized quick stove test
Create and document a quick stove test procedure for teams to test under a range of scenarios with instant feedback. By changing one input, user should be able to identify the impact in the output. This test should have a user manual.
CN4 1 Document a field like test
Create and document a test procedure to test the stove under Haitian cooking style which may include longer time to boil. Procedure should be documented with a user manual.
CN5 1 Measure efficiency and it's uncertaintyMeasure the efficiency of the thermal versus chemical energy used.
CN6 1 Safety Test stand should be safe to operate for untrained users.
CN7 1 Benchmark against other stoves
Test and compare our stove versus rebar stove or another kind of stove under same test conditions. This will allow comparison of results such as fuel usage, emissions, and time to boil
CN8 1 Quantify emissions Greenhouse gases such as CO.
CN9 2 Quantify particulate matter Any solid matter output from the stove into the surrounding environment.
CN10 2 Durable Test stand should be durable and able to withstand years of testing
CN11 2 Ease of use Test stand should be ergonomic and easily used by one user. Also testing should be easily performed by any user.
CN12 2 Easily transportable Test stand should be easily transportable by one user
Engineering SpecificationsRevision #: 3Engr. Spec.
# Importance Source Specification (description) Unit of Measure
MarginalValue
Ideal Value Comments/Status
ES1 1
CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4,
CN7Repeatable time to boil Standard
deviation (%) <20% <10% Boiling time (mins) is an output of the WBT and customer need is to have these results be repeatable and to minimize variability
ES2 1
CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4,
CN7
Repeatable specific fuel consumption
Standard deviation (%) <20% <10%
Ratio of total amount of fuel (wood or charcoal) used to the amount of water (grams fuel/ grams of water) from WBT; this is a specification that can be used in benchmarking.
ES3 1
CN1, CN2, CN3,CN4, CN5, CN7
Repeatable thermal efficiency of stove
Coefficient of Variation (%) <20% <10%
Ratio of the work done by heating and evaporating water to the energy consumed by the fuel source. The thermal efficiency should be repeatable to ensure validity of testing.
ES4 1
CN1, CN2,CN3, CN4 CN7
Repeatable fuel rate consumption
Standard deviation (%) <10% <5%
Fuel rate consumption (g/min), by obtaining repeatable results, we can observe the differences in setting up the fuel source and lighting procedure to help us determine the best method and which is conserve fuel the best. Fuel consumption is defined as the amount of fuel to produce a unit output. (How much fuel to boil water)
ES5 1
CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4,
CN7
Repeatable firepower Standard deviation (%) <10% <5%
Firepower (Watts) is the rate of fuel energy consumed by the stove per minute which can give us the power output of the stove in watts. This can be calculated from WBT data and could also be useful benchmarking.
ES6 1
CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7, CN8
Accurate emission measurements
Std Dev g (grams)
<2.0 grams
< 1.0 grams
Based on Aprovecho WBT emission performance testing, cook stoves should emit less than 20 grams of CO and most forced air stoves emit less than 10 grams so we will look for a std dev less than 10%. (<2.0 grams)
ES7 1 CN6, CN10Number of accidents # Accidents 1 out of
30 tests 0Accidents relating to any burns, cuts, and shock should be zero for maximum safety during a standard WBT or any other test. This test stand must be safe for general use.
ES8 1CN2, CN3, CN4, CN8
User manual ease # Questions <3 0 Through documentation, any user should be able to read and set up the test stand and perform testing without any questions.
ES9 2
CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7, CN9
Accurate particulate measurements Std Dev (mg) <150 mg <50 mg
Based on Aprovecho WBT emission performance testing, cook stoves should emit less than 1500 grams of particulate matter so we will be looking for a std dev less than 10% (<150 mg)
ES10 2CN11CN12
Set up time minutes <20 < 10Related to ease of use, set up time for any single user should not take longer than 20 minutes. Goal would be 10 minutes from transporting stand and equipment to loading fuel and lighting fuel by one user.
System Level Work
System Specifications(Size, Fan, etc.)
Noise Factors
System
OutcomesPositives
a)EfficiencyNegatives
a)Emissionsb)Particulate Matter
System Level Work
InputsTest Standards
a)Charcoalb)Stove (Any Kind)c)Test Type (Short, Relevant, WBT)d)Lighting Technique
SYSTEM
Outputsa)Emissionsb)Solid Wastesc)Test Timed)Efficiencye)Statistical Accuracy
System Level Work
Improvement Assessment
Change in Design Waste Management
Impact Assessment
Ecological Health
Inventory
Quantify:Raw Material,Energy,Waste Perform the Test
Goal
Project Scope
Work Break Down
Fish Bone
Schedule
Risk ListID Risk Item Effect Cause
Likelihood
Severity
Importanc
e Action to Minimize Risk Owner
# Short description of project risk.
What is the effect on any or all of the project deliverables
if the cause actually happens?
What are the possible cause(s) of this risk?
L*S
What action(s) will you take (and by when) to prevent, reduce the impact of, or transfer the risk of this
occurring?
Who is responsible for
following through on mitigation?
1 Test difficult to assemble or run.
Time lost in experiment, and likely require more than 1
person to run
Test stand difficult to push, multiple pieces to assemble, difficult to hook up wires.
3 1 3Minimize number of pieces in
assembly, and increase mobility of stand.
Huseyin
2Data acquisition
hardware failure/breakdown
Cost of new equipment, extra test needed.
Hotter fire from wood, general ware, or bad
weather (rain). 1 3 3
Careful handling of test equipment and solid repeatable procedure for good weather.
Phil
3Emission data inaccurate or
immeasurable
Emission data unknown, or could add noise to the system
output.
Emission sensor maxed out, not capable of reading
highly concentrated emissions, or placed in
unrepresentative location.
2 2 4Install researched and proven
Emission measurement device, and test to ensure repeatability
and accuracy. Dave
4Changing fuel type (hard/soft charcoal,
wood, vines, and combinations)
More variables, less repeatability, and more test
runs needed.
Changing, sizes, placement, brands, or types of
charcoal 2 2 4 Use one repeatable fuel type Dave
5 Ventilation Failure Emission data unknown, test will need to be redone.
Fan won’t start, chimney breaks, or won’t attach
properly. 2 2 4 Install dependable fan. Phil
6 Changing weather or atmospheric conditions
Noise added to experimental efficiency, etc.
Changing humidity, temperature, wind, etc. 3 2 6
Plan to standardize moisture in coal before the experiment, and
generally plan for tests during fair weather.
Phil
7
Metrics could be inaccurate or changing. (Charcoal Mass, Water Volume, Environmental
Effects)
Bad test, data neglected-repeatability decreases.
Bad test standards, poor measurement devices, procedure not followed properly, wind shaking
scale.
3 3 9
Solid repeatable procedure with proven measurement devices (i.e. beakers, scale, etc.) Also, limiting testing days to “ideal” weather normalizing data to a certain temperature . Installed
diffuser to minimize wind effect.
Huseyin
Test Stand Hardware OutputsCO Particulate
MatterUncertainties
CO Meter FilterNew
Vent Fan Testing Extreme Cases
EL-USB-CO SampleBig Fan Wait
time duringlighting
Wet/DryCharcoal
Whole Chimney Charcoal
sizes
Temp Range
Impede Chimney?
Relative Sample?
Δ Start TimeΔ Emissions
Solu
tion
Choi
ces
Prob
lem
s
Untested
Light Sensor
UCB particulate
monitor
Price
Old Test Stand
Current Test Stand
Testing Extreme ConditionsTest Wet/Dry Charcoal Varying Charcoal Sizes
1 Test with charcoal set at room humidity (~25%)
Use charcoal straight from the bag (1kg)
2 Test with charcoal set at high humidity (~75%)
Cut coal into uniform pieces and place piece by piece in stove. (1kg)
Error Testing and Benchmarking
• Test a range of stoves to get an idea of variability from wind, humidity, stove size, temperature, and other variabilitys.
• Test other stoves (i.e.. Rebar) for emissions– Compare to published WBT data– Check if test stand has systematic or arbitrary
errors• If test is successfully repeatable then we will
know how the P11461 stove compares.
Particulate Filter Placement
Whole Chimney % Sampling
Added Head Loss Unknown Relation Sample/Actual
Could Choke Chimney Assumes Uniform Concentration
Reverse QLeak Requires additional testing
Batch Sampling Batch Sampling
Unknown Flow Rate Can be complex
QVent
QStove
QLeak
Whole Chimney % Sampling
Known Particulate Mass
Negligible affect on flow rate
Simple Test Method (mass difference)
Cheap
Minimum Change in Test Stand
Pros
Cons
*Simple qualitative test with shirt or other impedance on Chimney will determine viability.
The UCB Monitor
Particulate Measurement Concept Selection
Follow Up Topics• Conceptual design approval• Further Modifications• UCB Monitor Purchase• Expectations for remainder of quarter
Questions?
Supporting Slides 1
CO Emission
020406080
100120140160
1. T
hree
Sto
ne F
ire
2. G
hana
Woo
d
3. M
ud/S
awdu
st
4. B
aldw
in V
ITA
5. C
ast
Iron
Sto
ve f
rom
Ind
ia
6. M
odifi
ed V
ITA
7. M
odifi
ed V
ITA
w/
Insu
latio
n
8. S
kirt
Sto
ve
9. M
etal
Ski
rted
Roc
ket
10.
Tal
l Hea
vy S
kirt
ed R
ocke
t
11.
Pre
viou
s Im
prov
ed
12.
Hea
vy S
kirt
ed R
ocke
t
13.
Pre
viou
s Im
prov
ed
14.
Insu
late
d B
rick
Roc
ket
15.
Sho
rt L
ight
Roc
ket
16.
Tw
o-P
ot R
ocke
t
17.
Ext
ra S
mal
l Doo
r w
/ S
kirt
18.
Cas
t Ir
on R
ocke
t
19.
Larg
e B
aldo
sa R
ocke
t w
/
20.
Sto
veT
ec W
ood
Sto
ve
21.
Pre
viou
s w
ith S
kirt
22.
Sto
veT
ec W
ood
or
23.
Pre
viou
s w
ith S
kirt
24.
Cha
rcoa
l-Mak
ing
gasi
fier
25.
Exp
erim
enta
l Gas
ifier
26.
Larg
e G
asifi
er
27.
Grid
-Pow
ered
Fan
28.
Bat
tery
Pow
ered
Fan
29.
Bot
tom
Air
Fan
Sto
ve
30.
Woo
d G
as
31.
Apr
ovec
ho R
ocke
t w
ith
32.
Mal
i Cha
rcoa
l
33.
Cha
rcoa
l Jik
o
34.
Cha
rcoa
l Sto
ve w
ith S
kirt
35.
Sto
veT
ec W
ood
or
36.
Pro
pane
(LP
G)
37.
Eth
anol
38.
Ker
osen
e
CO
Em
iss
ion
to
Co
mp
lete
WB
T (
g)
Simple Stoves Rocket Stoves Gasifiers Forced Air Charcoal Liquid/Gas
Supporting Slides 2
PM Emissions
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000
1. T
hree
Sto
ne F
ire
2. G
hana
Woo
d
3. M
ud/S
awdu
st
4. B
aldw
in V
ITA
5. C
ast
Iron
Sto
ve f
rom
Ind
ia
6. M
odifi
ed V
ITA
7. M
odifi
ed V
ITA
w/
Insu
latio
n
8. S
kirt
Sto
ve
9. M
etal
Ski
rted
Roc
ket
10.
Tal
l Hea
vy S
kirt
ed R
ocke
t
11.
Pre
viou
s Im
prov
ed
12.
Hea
vy S
kirt
ed R
ocke
t
13.
Pre
viou
s Im
prov
ed
14.
Insu
late
d B
rick
Roc
ket
15.
Sho
rt L
ight
Roc
ket
16.
Tw
o-P
ot R
ocke
t
17.
Ext
ra S
mal
l Doo
r w
/ S
kirt
18.
Cas
t Ir
on R
ocke
t
19.
Larg
e B
aldo
sa R
ocke
t w
/
20.
Sto
veT
ec W
ood
Sto
ve
21.
Pre
viou
s w
ith S
kirt
22.
Sto
veT
ec W
ood
or C
harc
oal
23.
Pre
viou
s w
ith S
kirt
24.
Cha
rcoa
l-Mak
ing
gasi
fier
25.
Exp
erim
enta
l Gas
ifier
26.
Larg
e G
asifi
er
27.
Grid
-Pow
ered
Fan
28.
Bat
tery
Pow
ered
Fan
29.
Bot
tom
Air
Fan
Sto
ve
30.
Woo
d G
as
31.
Apr
ovec
ho R
ocke
t w
ith F
an
32.
Mal
i Cha
rcoa
l
33.
Cha
rcoa
l Jik
o
34.
Cha
rcoa
l Sto
ve w
ith S
kirt
35.
Sto
veT
ec W
ood
or C
harc
oal
36.
Pro
pane
(LP
G)
37.
Eth
anol
38.
Ker
osen
e
PM
Em
iss
ion
To
Co
mp
lete
WB
T (
mg
)
NOTE: Only 1 PM measurement for 9 stoves
Simple Stoves Rocket Stoves Gasifiers Forced Air Charcoal Liquid/Gas