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Listening & Speaking Activities

Listening & Speaking Activities

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Expressions of disciplinary matters at the workplaceExpressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace

Expressions of types of employmentExpressions of types of employment

Expressions of recruiting/firingExpressions of recruiting/firing

Expressions of positions /job titlesExpressions of positions /job titles

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Expressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace

Expressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace

be punctual, be punctual, leave-takingleave-taking, be absent, ask for leave, , be absent, ask for leave, take French take French leaveleave, ask for/have a day off, , ask for/have a day off, take/have sick leavetake/have sick leave, study leave, , study leave, maternity leavematernity leave, visiting leave, visiting leave

Expressions of types of employmentExpressions of types of employmentExpressions of types of employmentExpressions of types of employment

internshipinternship, part-time, , part-time, commissioncommission, contracting, full-time, , contracting, full-time, volunteeringvolunteering, , work-studywork-study, , apprenticeshipapprenticeship

leave without saying good-byeleave without saying good-bye 不辞而别，悄悄离去，擅离职守不辞而别，悄悄离去，擅离职守

I wanted to go to the football match, and so I I wanted to go to the football match, and so I took took French leaveFrench leave from the office. Unfortunately, the boss from the office. Unfortunately, the boss found out and tell me to get his permission in future.found out and tell me to get his permission in future.

我总想去看足球比赛，因此我偷偷溜出了办公室。遗憾我总想去看足球比赛，因此我偷偷溜出了办公室。遗憾的是被老板发现了并告诉我以后要先得到他的允许。的是被老板发现了并告诉我以后要先得到他的允许。

leave-taking:leave-taking: [c][c] literary literary an act of an act of saying goodbye when you go awasaying goodbye when you go away y 离去离去 , , 告别告别 , , 告别语告别语

maternity/sick/compassionate leave:maternity/sick/compassionate leave: time that you are allowe time that you are allowed to spend away from work because you have had a baby, bed to spend away from work because you have had a baby, because you are ill, or because of a personal problem such as tcause you are ill, or because of a personal problem such as the death of a relative he death of a relative 产假产假 // 病假病假 // 照顾性准假照顾性准假e.g. She was allowed e.g. She was allowed compassionate leavecompassionate leave

from work to attend her father's funeral.from work to attend her father's funeral.她获准丧假为父亲送葬。她获准丧假为父亲送葬。

internship:internship: [c][c] AmEAmE a job that lasts for a short a job that lasts for a short time, that someone, especially a student, does itime, that someone, especially a student, does in order to gain experiencen order to gain experience 实习生身份实习生身份

voluntary workvoluntary work British EnglishBritish English //volunteer volunteer workwork American EnglishAmerican English (=a job you are n (=a job you are not paid for)ot paid for) 义务工作，志愿工作 义务工作，志愿工作

a combination of work and study offered to a high school a combination of work and study offered to a high school or college student by a school so that he can gain some wor college student by a school so that he can gain some work experience, often used in the phrase a ork experience, often used in the phrase a work-study prowork-study programgram in in American English American English 半工半读；勤工俭学 半工半读；勤工俭学 e.g. She's very taken up with e.g. She's very taken up with

voluntary workvoluntary work at the moment. at the moment.她目前大部分时间和精力她目前大部分时间和精力都用在志愿工作上了。都用在志愿工作上了。

e.g. Vocational secondary schools should definitele.g. Vocational secondary schools should definitely be carrying out y be carrying out work-study programmeswork-study programmes..职业中学搞半工半读是肯定的 。职业中学搞半工半读是肯定的 。

apprenticeship:apprenticeship: [c & u][c & u] the job of being an app the job of being an apprentice, or the period of time in which you are rentice, or the period of time in which you are an apprenticean apprentice 学徒的身分学徒的身分 ,, 学徒的年限学徒的年限

e.g. In November I finished my e.g. In November I finished my apprenticeshipapprenticeship.. He is not yet He is not yet out ofout of his his apprenticeshipapprenticeship.. Mrs Wang's son isMrs Wang's son is serving serving his his apprenticeshipapprenticeship as a carpenter. as a carpenter. He He serves a six-year apprenticeshipserves a six-year apprenticeship in the steel work. in the steel work.1111 月我的学徒阶段结束了。月我的学徒阶段结束了。

他尚未满师。他尚未满师。 王太太的儿子正跟着一位木匠当学徒。王太太的儿子正跟着一位木匠当学徒。 他在钢铁厂，当了六年学徒。他在钢铁厂，当了六年学徒。

Expressions of recruiting/firingExpressions of recruiting/firinginterview, make inquiries about an opening/a vacancy, apply for a interview, make inquiries about an opening/a vacancy, apply for a position, employ, fire, lay off, dismiss, sack, position, employ, fire, lay off, dismiss, sack, awardaward (a project to a (a project to a construction company), be transferred from one department to construction company), be transferred from one department to another, another, let someone golet someone go, , be made redundantbe made redundant, out of work, out of work

Expressions of positions /job titlesExpressions of positions /job titlesExpressions of positions /job titlesExpressions of positions /job titles

supervisor, senior engineer, leader, chairman of the department (of supervisor, senior engineer, leader, chairman of the department (of mathematics), mathematics), deandean (of the foreign language school), president of (of the foreign language school), president of (the university, college, etc.), manager, chief executive, general (the university, college, etc.), manager, chief executive, general manager, department manager, chairman of the board, members of manager, department manager, chairman of the board, members of the board, secretary, clerk, technicians, assistant, intern, security the board, secretary, clerk, technicians, assistant, intern, security guard, guard, janitorjanitor

award: award: vt.vt. to officially decide that someone to officially decide that someone should receive a payment or a formal agreshould receive a payment or a formal agreement ement 授予 授予 award sb sthaward sb sthe.g. The government e.g. The government awardedawarded a a

German company the contract.German company the contract.to make someone leave their job - used to make someone leave their job - used in order to avoid saying this directly in order to avoid saying this directly

e.g. I'm afraid we had to e.g. I'm afraid we had to letlet several of our staff several of our staff gogo..

redundant:redundant: adj.adj. BrEBrE if you are redundant, if you are redundant, your employer no longer has a job for youyour employer no longer has a job for you【主英】【主英】 (( 因人员过剩而因人员过剩而 )) 被解雇的被解雇的 ,, 失失业的 业的 make a job/position etc redundantmake a job/position etc redundante.g. I regret having toe.g. I regret having to make make so many staff so many staff

redundantredundant..我很遗憾不得不裁减这么多职员。我很遗憾不得不裁减这么多职员。

dean:dean: [c][c] someone in a university w someone in a university who is responsible for a particular arho is responsible for a particular area of work ea of work 系主任系主任

janitor:janitor: especially AmEespecially AmE someone whose job is t someone whose job is to look after a school or other large building o look after a school or other large building BBritish Equivalent:ritish Equivalent: caretaker caretaker (( 公寓、学校等处公寓、学校等处的的 )) 照管房屋的工友；看门人照管房屋的工友；看门人

ListeningListening

New New words words

11 Answers to the Answers to the questions questions

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conscientious:conscientious: adj.adj. careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to docareful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do 认真的认真的 ,, 勤勤恳恳的 勤勤恳恳的 e.g. She is a e.g. She is a conscientious conscientious teacher. We should be teacher. We should be conscientiousconscientious to our work. to our work.

live up to sth:live up to sth: if sth or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise, if sth or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc 实践实践 ;;不辜负 不辜负 e.g. She tries up to e.g. She tries up to live up tolive up to her ideals. her ideals.

We will never fail to We will never fail to live up tolive up to what our parents expect of us. what our parents expect of us.

patrol: patrol: 巡逻巡逻 ,, 巡查 巡查 ledge:ledge: 壁架壁架 ;; 架状突出物 架状突出物 e.g. a window e.g. a window ledgeledge 窗台窗台

hold back:hold back: 退缩 退缩 sergeant:sergeant: 警察小队长警察小队长 ,, 警官 警官

cite sb (for sth)cite sb (for sth): : to mention someone because they deserve praiseto mention someone because they deserve praise 表扬表扬 ,, 表表彰彰

A good cop’s storyA good cop’s storyA good cop’s storyA good cop’s story

What makes John a good policeman?

What makes John a good policeman?

John likes his job as a cop. He feels it's "the best John likes his job as a cop. He feels it's "the best job in the world." He is conscientious, has a strong job in the world." He is conscientious, has a strong sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals.up to his ideals.

Has John’s job as a policeman Has John’s job as a policeman been easy & safe?been easy & safe?

Has John’s job as a policeman Has John’s job as a policeman been easy & safe?been easy & safe?

No. Being a policeman in New York is difficult and No. Being a policeman in New York is difficult and dangerous. Besides, he works in a rough dangerous. Besides, he works in a rough neighborhood. He has been shot, spit at, and hit neighborhood. He has been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. Once he risked his life to save a man from Once he risked his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.

Why was John awarded citations?

Why was John awarded citations?

John is given awards for his bravery, his quick John is given awards for his bravery, his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.thinking and performance in emergencies.

Why don’t some people like policeman in John’s district?

Why don’t some people like policeman in John’s district?

John admits that there are bad cops on the force, John admits that there are bad cops on the force, cops who don't always obey the rules and who cops who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people.sometimes use too much force and injure people.

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SpeakingSpeakingPart 1Part 1

P.120:P.120: Make a decision Make a decision

Discussion:Discussion: Who would you hire? Why and why not? Who would you hire? Why and why not?

Requirements:Requirements:

Each group should give a Close analysis.Each group should give a Close analysis.

Try to use the expressions in the box and more expressions such as:Try to use the expressions in the box and more expressions such as:

No one is perfect.No one is perfect.

The aim of a company is …The aim of a company is …

As far as profit is concerned …As far as profit is concerned …

Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration.Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration.

Passion is absolutely the hard and fast rule in sales promotion.Passion is absolutely the hard and fast rule in sales promotion.

What is the use of having a guy who can only …What is the use of having a guy who can only …

ActivitActivity y AAActivitActivity y AA

L O G O Reading Comprehension & Reading Comprehension & Language ActivitiesLanguage Activities

Pre-Pre-reading Taskreading Task TextText

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Pre-reading Task Pre-reading TaskFill in the blanksFill in the blanks

If they want to meet somebody, ___________________________. If they want to meet somebody, ___________________________.

If they have made an appointment, If they have made an appointment, ..

If they are late, _________________________________________.If they are late, _________________________________________.

If they cannot come, _____________________________________.If they cannot come, _____________________________________.

If they attend a business meeting, __________________________.If they attend a business meeting, __________________________.

Usually they work from _________ till ________. Usually they work from _________ till ________.

Their lunch time is generally from ______ to ________ o’clock. Their lunch time is generally from ______ to ________ o’clock.

They telephone first to They telephone first to make an appointment.make an appointment.

They arrive a few minutes earlyThey arrive a few minutes early

They would apologize and explain what happened They would apologize and explain what happened

They will make phone calls to explain They will make phone calls to explain

They will talk about They will talk about businessbusiness

first and chat laterfirst and chat later9:00 9:00

a.m. a.m. 5:00 5:00

p.m. p.m. 12:00 12:00 1:00 1:00

What would a British or What would a British or American person do in the American person do in the

following situations?following situations?

What would a British or What would a British or American person do in the American person do in the

following situations?following situations?

Time to Stop Excuses for Time to Stop Excuses for latenesslateness

1.1. There are always a couple of people in every office who are habitually There are always a couple of people in every office who are habitually late for work. How should a manager late for work. How should a manager handlehandle the problem in a the problem in a multicultural environment? Should he be patient because different cultures multicultural environment? Should he be patient because different cultures have their own concepts of time? Or should he take have their own concepts of time? Or should he take disciplinarydisciplinary action? action?

2.2. Scholars tell us that Westerners and Asians Scholars tell us that Westerners and Asians approachapproach time differently. time differently. Culturally, Westerners live more in the present and the near future. Asians Culturally, Westerners live more in the present and the near future. Asians live more in the ancient past or in the distant future.live more in the ancient past or in the distant future.

3.3. Asians try to avoid a Asians try to avoid a neurotic neurotic slavery to time, viewing life as a passing slavery to time, viewing life as a passing moment in eternity. They enjoy the sense of “moment in eternity. They enjoy the sense of “zero gravityzero gravity” that comes from ” that comes from traveling without an immediate goal or an urgent objective.traveling without an immediate goal or an urgent objective.

4.4. To many Asians, life is a long journey and happiness is simply not To many Asians, life is a long journey and happiness is simply not a a matter ofmatter of time. time. Instead of rushing, they prefer to maintain a steady pace. Instead of rushing, they prefer to maintain a steady pace.

e.g. Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see e.g. Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minster how the Prime Minster handleshandles the crisisthe crisis.. This office This office handleshandles thousands of thousands of enquiries enquiries every day.every day. e.g. He’s not a very good teacher--- he doesn’t know e.g. He’s not a very good teacher--- he doesn’t know how to how to handlehandle children children..

disciplinary:disciplinary: adj.adj. relating to the punishment of someone relating to the punishment of someone who has not obeyed rules, or to trying to make people owho has not obeyed rules, or to trying to make people obey rules bey rules 有关纪律的；执行纪律的；惩戒性的 有关纪律的；执行纪律的；惩戒性的 to take to take disciplinary action againstdisciplinary action against 处分处分

e.g. The investigation led to e.g. The investigation led to disciplinary actiondisciplinary action (=things (=things you do to punish someone)you do to punish someone) against against two officers.two officers.

approach:approach: vt.vt. to begin to deal with a situation or problem in to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude a particular way or with a particular attitude 着手处理着手处理 ,,开始对付 开始对付 approach a problem/task/matter etcapproach a problem/task/matter etc

e.g. It might be possible toe.g. It might be possible to approach approach the problem in a different way. the problem in a different way. 从文化角度来说，西方人更多地生活在当前和不远的将来，从文化角度来说，西方人更多地生活在当前和不远的将来，

而亚洲人却更多地生活在古老的过去和遥远的未来。 而亚洲人却更多地生活在古老的过去和遥远的未来。 从文化角度来说，西方人更多地生活在当前和不远的将来，从文化角度来说，西方人更多地生活在当前和不远的将来，而亚洲人却更多地生活在古老的过去和遥远的未来。 而亚洲人却更多地生活在古老的过去和遥远的未来。

neurotic: neurotic: adj.adj. unreasonably anxious unreasonably anxious or afraid or afraid 神经过敏的神经过敏的 ,, 神经质的神经质的e.g. He is a bit e.g. He is a bit neuroticneurotic, but his wife is a very stable , but his wife is a very stable

person.person.他有点神经质，但他的妻子是一个非常稳重的人。他有点神经质，但他的妻子是一个非常稳重的人。

亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在他们亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在他们看来只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那看来只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种“失重”感，没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。种“失重”感，没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。

亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在他们亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在他们看来只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那看来只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种“失重”感，没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。种“失重”感，没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。e.g. The quality of the ambulance service is e.g. The quality of the ambulance service is a matter of life and a matter of life and

deathdeath.. It is It is a matter of facta matter of fact, not , not a matter of opiniona matter of opinion.. I can't say which wine is best - it's I can't say which wine is best - it's a matter of personal tastea matter of personal taste.. She couldn't take the money. It was She couldn't take the money. It was a matter of principlea matter of principle.. It is It is not simplynot simply a matter of decidinga matter of deciding what price you wants to pay. what price you wants to pay.

be a matter of…:+(life and death, opinion, personal taste/choice /prbe a matter of…:+(life and death, opinion, personal taste/choice /preference, principle):eference, principle): No articleNo article or or plural formplural form is used with these n is used with these nouns in this structure. ouns in this structure. V-ing formV-ing form can be used in place of noun. can be used in place of noun. e.g. e.g. be simply/largely/merely etc a matter of doing sthbe simply/largely/merely etc a matter of doing sth

他们喜欢按部就班，不愿来去匆匆。 他们喜欢按部就班，不愿来去匆匆。 他们喜欢按部就班，不愿来去匆匆。 他们喜欢按部就班，不愿来去匆匆。

Time to Stop Excuses for Time to Stop Excuses for latenesslateness

Quietly watching the seasons change or children grow is certainly not Quietly watching the seasons change or children grow is certainly not considered a waste of time.considered a waste of time.

5.5. Westerners believe that happiness is just Westerners believe that happiness is just over the next hillover the next hill. A little more . A little more time, money or struggle will get them there. Americans, in particular, live time, money or struggle will get them there. Americans, in particular, live by time-pressing schedules and deadlinesby time-pressing schedules and deadlines..

6.6. But how does this insight, But how does this insight, so studiously compiled by academicsso studiously compiled by academics, relate to , relate to the need for punctuality in the officethe need for punctuality in the office? ? Should weShould we extrapolate extrapolate from from this this difference in cultural outlook that it’sdifference in cultural outlook that it’s justified justified for some employees to for some employees to be be tardy intardy in today’s office life today’s office life? ? Does it mean that a manager shouldDoes it mean that a manager should disregard disregard punctuality punctuality asas an office discipline an office discipline??

7.7. On the surface, it might seem that a manager may have to be more On the surface, it might seem that a manager may have to be more tolerant about punctuality with some cultural groups than others. tolerant about punctuality with some cultural groups than others.

静观季节的变化、儿女的成长也不认为是在虚度光阴。 静观季节的变化、儿女的成长也不认为是在虚度光阴。 静观季节的变化、儿女的成长也不认为是在虚度光阴。 静观季节的变化、儿女的成长也不认为是在虚度光阴。

here, a here, a metaphor metaphor that means that means achievable with one effort. achievable with one effort.

西方人相信幸福就在不远的前方。多花点时间，多费点金钱，多西方人相信幸福就在不远的前方。多花点时间，多费点金钱，多下点工夫就能达到。尤其是美国人，他们就靠时间紧迫的日程安下点工夫就能达到。尤其是美国人，他们就靠时间紧迫的日程安排和最后期限而生存。排和最后期限而生存。

西方人相信幸福就在不远的前方。多花点时间，多费点金钱，多西方人相信幸福就在不远的前方。多花点时间，多费点金钱，多下点工夫就能达到。尤其是美国人，他们就靠时间紧迫的日程安下点工夫就能达到。尤其是美国人，他们就靠时间紧迫的日程安排和最后期限而生存。排和最后期限而生存。

the theory is worked out the theory is worked out painstakingly by scholars painstakingly by scholars

extrapolate: extrapolate: vt. & vi.vt. & vi. to use facts about the present or about o to use facts about the present or about one thing or group to make a guess about the future or about ne thing or group to make a guess about the future or about other things or groups other things or groups 预测预测 , , 推测 推测 extrapolate (sth) from sthextrapolate (sth) from sthe.g. It is possible to e.g. It is possible to extrapolateextrapolate future developments future developments from from current trends.current trends.

从一间屋子的量度可以推断从一间屋子的量度可以推断出整座建筑物的大小。出整座建筑物的大小。One can One can extrapolateextrapolate the size of the building the size of the building fromfrom the measurements of an average the measurements of an average room.room.

justified:justified: adj.adj. having an acceptable ex having an acceptable explanation or reasonplanation or reason 证明有理由的证明有理由的 ,,合理的 合理的 justified in doing sthjustified in doing sth

e.g. The policeman e.g. The policeman was justified in shootingwas justified in shooting the criminal in self-defence. the criminal in self-defence. 因商品损坏因商品损坏 , , 她认为有充分理由要求退款她认为有充分理由要求退款 . . 她为自己的成就而自豪她为自己的成就而自豪 , , 这是理所当然的这是理所当然的 .. 你认为他那样做应该吗你认为他那样做应该吗 ??那个警察出于自卫枪击罪犯是正当防卫。那个警察出于自卫枪击罪犯是正当防卫。

As the goods were damaged, she felt fullyAs the goods were damaged, she felt fully justified in askingjustified in asking for her money back. for her money back. Her pride in her achievements is Her pride in her achievements is justifiedjustified. . Do you think he was Do you think he was justified in doingjustified in doing that? that?

justify: justify: vt.vt. to give an acceptable explanation fo to give an acceptable explanation for sth that other people think is unreasonabler sth that other people think is unreasonable证明证明 ...... 是正当的是正当的 ;; 为为 ...... 辩护辩护 ; ; 是是 ...... 的正当理的正当理由由 justify doing sthjustify doing sth

e.g. How can you e.g. How can you justifyjustify your rude behaviour? your rude behaviour? They found it hard to They found it hard to justifyjustify their son's giving up a sec their son's giving up a secure well-paid job.ure well-paid job. How can we How can we justify spendingjustify spending so much money on arms? so much money on arms? 你能证明你的行为是正当的吗？你能证明你的行为是正当的吗？ 你不能以疲劳为理由就这样对待职工。你不能以疲劳为理由就这样对待职工。你如何解释你的粗鲁行为呢你如何解释你的粗鲁行为呢 ? ? 他们难以理解儿子竟放弃了收入颇丰的稳定工作。他们难以理解儿子竟放弃了收入颇丰的稳定工作。Can you Can you justifyjustify your action? your action?Tiredness cannot possibly Tiredness cannot possibly justifyjustify your treating staff this your treating staff this

way.way.

但是学究们深思熟虑悟出的这一见解又是但是学究们深思熟虑悟出的这一见解又是如何与上班守时这一问题联系起来的呢？ 如何与上班守时这一问题联系起来的呢？ 但是学究们深思熟虑悟出的这一见解又是但是学究们深思熟虑悟出的这一见解又是如何与上班守时这一问题联系起来的呢？ 如何与上班守时这一问题联系起来的呢？

是否我们应该从这种文化方面的差异得出结论，是否我们应该从这种文化方面的差异得出结论，一些雇员上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？ 一些雇员上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？ 是否我们应该从这种文化方面的差异得出结论，是否我们应该从这种文化方面的差异得出结论，一些雇员上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？ 一些雇员上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？ here, be undisciplinedhere, be undisciplined

disregard:disregard: vt.vt. to ignore sth or treat it as uni to ignore sth or treat it as unimportantmportant 忽视忽视 ,, 不顾不顾 ,, 不理会不理会 disregard…asdisregard…ase.g. e.g. 对他上班经常迟到对他上班经常迟到 ,, 我们不能不管。我们不能不管。

尽管有那么多困难，我们仍然及时地到达了这儿。 尽管有那么多困难，我们仍然及时地到达了这儿。 We cannot We cannot disregarddisregard his coming late to work so his coming late to work so often.often.

Disregarding Disregarding all the difficulties, we arrived here in all the difficulties, we arrived here in time. time.

还是说这意味着一个管理者应该忽略守时这一工作守则呢？ 还是说这意味着一个管理者应该忽略守时这一工作守则呢？ 还是说这意味着一个管理者应该忽略守时这一工作守则呢？ 还是说这意味着一个管理者应该忽略守时这一工作守则呢？

Time to Stop Excuses for Time to Stop Excuses for latenesslateness

But this is But this is unwarrantedunwarranted in an urban civilization. in an urban civilization. It would It would give credence togive credence to the academic literature that implies the time orientation in such a culture is the academic literature that implies the time orientation in such a culture is inferior toinferior to that in the West. that in the West.

8.8. This confuses two entirely different things: observance of punctuality This confuses two entirely different things: observance of punctuality and the philosophical perception of time.and the philosophical perception of time.

9.9. A person’s belief that time is measured in centuries rather than in A person’s belief that time is measured in centuries rather than in seconds has nothing to do with his ability to seconds has nothing to do with his ability to show upshow up on time at the office on time at the office every day. No Asian employee would ever use a cultural excuse for being every day. No Asian employee would ever use a cultural excuse for being late. He may certainly employ more modern excuses such as a traffic jam, a late. He may certainly employ more modern excuses such as a traffic jam, a slow watch, or a parking problem. These excuses are the same as those slow watch, or a parking problem. These excuses are the same as those used by office workers in the West. Why is it considered acceptable to be used by office workers in the West. Why is it considered acceptable to be consistently late for these reasons in Asia, while in the West such a person consistently late for these reasons in Asia, while in the West such a person would be considered undependable and would be considered undependable and untrustworthyuntrustworthy??

unwarranted: unwarranted: adj.adj. done without good done without good reason, and therefore annoying reason, and therefore annoying 无根无根据的；未经授权的据的；未经授权的

e.g. Much of the criticism was totally e.g. Much of the criticism was totally unwarrantedunwarranted..

credence:credence: [u][u] formalformal the acceptance of sth as the acceptance of sth as true true 相信相信 ;; 信任 信任 give credence to sthgive credence to sth

e.g. e.g. 不要相信你听到的闲话。不要相信你听到的闲话。 报纸没有证实政府的最新声明。 报纸没有证实政府的最新声明。 Don't Don't give credence togive credence to all the gossip you all the gossip you

hear. hear.

The newspapers are The newspapers are giving no credence giving no credence toto the government's latest statements the government's latest statements 它将使人相信此种文化的时间观念比它将使人相信此种文化的时间观念比

西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。 西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。 它将使人相信此种文化的时间观念比它将使人相信此种文化的时间观念比西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。 西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。

这便混淆了两种截然不同的事情：遵守时间和对时间的哲学观。这便混淆了两种截然不同的事情：遵守时间和对时间的哲学观。这便混淆了两种截然不同的事情：遵守时间和对时间的哲学观。这便混淆了两种截然不同的事情：遵守时间和对时间的哲学观。show upshow up: : informalinformal to arrive, especially at to arrive, especially at the place where someone is waiting for ythe place where someone is waiting for you ou 出席出席 ;; 露面露面 -SYN -SYN turn up turn up

Time to Stop Excuses for Time to Stop Excuses for latenesslateness

10.10. The problem, perhaps, is that in our social life in Asia we tend to be The problem, perhaps, is that in our social life in Asia we tend to be more more tolerant oftolerant of friends and relatives who make us wait for half an hour at friends and relatives who make us wait for half an hour at a downtowna downtown rendezvous rendezvous. . We do not think they areWe do not think they are taking taking our friendship or our friendship or affection affection for grantedfor granted. We do not consider them . We do not consider them guilty ofguilty of disrespect. What is disrespect. What is worse, we let them worse, we let them exonerate exonerate themselves with themselves with dubiousdubious excuses. excuses.

11.11. But how we react to latecomers in our social lives is a matter of But how we react to latecomers in our social lives is a matter of individual choice. In the world of modern business we individual choice. In the world of modern business we cannot afford that cannot afford that flexibilityflexibility..

12.12. Nobody minds if a person is late to work Nobody minds if a person is late to work once in a blue moononce in a blue moon. . Punctuality should not be allowed to become a Punctuality should not be allowed to become a fadfad. But in an office . But in an office environment, there has to be a climate of discipline in which people respect environment, there has to be a climate of discipline in which people respect the keeping of time.the keeping of time.

13.13. Even in those companies which maintain flexible time, there are set Even in those companies which maintain flexible time, there are set hours when employees must be present in the office. hours when employees must be present in the office.

tolerant: tolerant: adj.adj. allowing people to do, say, o allowing people to do, say, or believe what they want without criticizir believe what they want without criticizing or punishing them ng or punishing them 宽容的宽容的 ,, 容忍的 容忍的 totolerant of/towardslerant of/towards -OPP-OPP intolerantintolerant

e.g. a e.g. a toleranttolerant attitude/ attitude/toleranttolerant man man She She was tolerant ofwas tolerant of different different views.views.

她容忍不同的意见。 她容忍不同的意见。 rendezvous:rendezvous: [c usually singular][c usually singular] a place wh a place where two or more people have arranged to ere two or more people have arranged to meet meet 约会地点约会地点guilty: guilty: adj.adj. having done sth that is a crime having done sth that is a crime

有罪的有罪的 ,, 犯犯 ...... 罪的 罪的 guilty ofguilty of –OPP–OPP innoceinnocentnt

e.g. e.g. 这个男子被证实犯了杀人罪。这个男子被证实犯了杀人罪。 The jury The jury foundfound her her guilty ofguilty of murder. murder.The man was The man was proved guilty ofproved guilty of

murder.murder.陪审团认定她犯有杀人罪。 陪审团认定她犯有杀人罪。

exonerate: exonerate: vt.vt. to state officially that someon to state officially that someone who has been blamed for sth is not guilty e who has been blamed for sth is not guilty 使免罪 使免罪 exonerate sb from/of sthexonerate sb from/of sthe.g. He was totally e.g. He was totally exonerated ofexonerated of any blame. any blame.

probably not honest, true, right etcprobably not honest, true, right etc

我们不会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们不会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还容我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还容许他们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开脱。 许他们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开脱。

我们不会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们不会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还容我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还容许他们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开脱。 许他们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开脱。

This means that in the business world This means that in the business world everyone must observe punctualityeveryone must observe punctuality

once in a blue moon:once in a blue moon: informalinformal very rarely very rarely罕见的罕见的 , , 几乎永无地几乎永无地 , , 千载难逢的时期千载难逢的时期

e.g. We are so busy. We only go home e.g. We are so busy. We only go home to visit my folks to visit my folks once in a blue moononce in a blue moon.. 这样的机会极其难得。这样的机会极其难得。我们很忙我们很忙 ,, 我们难得回家去看我父母。我们难得回家去看我父母。

Such a chance comes once Such a chance comes once in a blue in a blue moonmoon. .

fad:fad: [c][c] sth that people like or do for a sth that people like or do for a short time, or that is fashionable for a short time, or that is fashionable for a short timeshort time 一时的流行一时的流行 ;; 一时的风尚一时的风尚

e.g. the latest e.g. the latest fad fad His interest in photography is only a passing His interest in photography is only a passing fadfad..

他对摄影的兴趣只是一时的爱好罢了。他对摄影的兴趣只是一时的爱好罢了。

Time to Stop Excuses for Time to Stop Excuses for latenesslateness

Otherwise it is impossible to call a meeting of people from different Otherwise it is impossible to call a meeting of people from different departments.departments.

14.14. Some companies may choose to Some companies may choose to staggerstagger the opening and closing timethe opening and closing time of of their offices to enable employees to avoid the rush hour. But that does not their offices to enable employees to avoid the rush hour. But that does not mean there is no longer a need for punctuality.mean there is no longer a need for punctuality.

15.15. Being late is, generally, a problem relating to only a small number of Being late is, generally, a problem relating to only a small number of employees. employees. A manager should try to A manager should try to break their bad habits through break their bad habits through counselingcounseling, repeatedly if required., repeatedly if required. It’s not an easy task and in some cases It’s not an easy task and in some cases requires a fair amount of patience. requires a fair amount of patience.

16.16. But it’s about time we got rid of the academic notion that an But it’s about time we got rid of the academic notion that an expectation of punctuality is an intolerance of culture. expectation of punctuality is an intolerance of culture. It’s a It’s a clichécliché and and should be should be discarded forthwithdiscarded forthwith..

e.g. Jim and his wife e.g. Jim and his wife staggerstagger their work hours their work hours so one of them can be at home with the kidso one of them can be at home with the kid

stagger:stagger: vt.vt. to arrange people's working hours, h to arrange people's working hours, holidays etc so that they do not all begin and end olidays etc so that they do not all begin and end at the same time at the same time 使错开使错开 ,, 交错安排交错安排

arrange the opening and closing time arrange the opening and closing time differently for staff so that they don’t need to differently for staff so that they don’t need to come to work or leave the company all at once come to work or leave the company all at once

make them give up their bad habits by talking make them give up their bad habits by talking to the latecomers until they understand the to the latecomers until they understand the importance of punctuality in the modern importance of punctuality in the modern business world. business world.

cliché:cliché: [c][c] an idea or phrase that has been us an idea or phrase that has been used so much that it is not effective or does noed so much that it is not effective or does not have any meaning any longer t have any meaning any longer 陈腔滥调陈腔滥调 discard: discard: vt.vt. to get rid of sth to get rid of sth 抛弃抛弃 ,,

摒弃摒弃 ,, 丢弃 丢弃 -SYN-SYN throw awaythrow awaye.g. e.g. ClichéCliché is a feature of bad journalism. is a feature of bad journalism.使用套语是拙劣的新闻体的特点。使用套语是拙劣的新闻体的特点。

Company

LOGO Extended ActivitiExtended Activitieses

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DictationDictation

TranslationTranslation

HHHH

DictationDictation

I used to work for a moving company. One day, after we had packeI used to work for a moving company. One day, after we had packed a truckload of furniture, our customer instructed us to go on ahead ad a truckload of furniture, our customer instructed us to go on ahead and meet her at the new house. We waited there but then concluded that nd meet her at the new house. We waited there but then concluded that we had the wrong address. So we drove to a corner, hoping to catch her we had the wrong address. So we drove to a corner, hoping to catch her as she went by.as she went by.

“ “That’s her car!” my boss yelled. He jumped from the truck, dashed That’s her car!” my boss yelled. He jumped from the truck, dashed across the parking lot, stopping the car, and said, “Why don’t you let macross the parking lot, stopping the car, and said, “Why don’t you let me follow you home?” As she quickly rolled up her window and hurried oe follow you home?” As she quickly rolled up her window and hurried off, he realized that he had the wrong woman.ff, he realized that he had the wrong woman.

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miss out:miss out: to not have the chance to do sth that you enjoy and that would be to not have the chance to do sth that you enjoy and that would be good for you good for you 失去…的好机会 失去…的好机会 miss out onmiss out on

e.g. I e.g. I missed out onmissed out on his offer on a free holiday in Spain. his offer on a free holiday in Spain.

summon:summon: vt.vt. (also (also summon sth upsummon sth up)) to try very hard to have enough of sth s to try very hard to have enough of sth such as courage, energy, or strength, because you need it uch as courage, energy, or strength, because you need it 唤起唤起 ,, 鼓起鼓起(( 勇气勇气 ),), 振作振作 (( 精神精神 ) )

e.g. He e.g. He summoned upsummoned up his courage and proposed to her. his courage and proposed to her.

be in line for sth/ be in line to do sth:be in line for sth/ be in line to do sth: to be very likely to get or be given sth to be very likely to get or be given sth 有可能获得某物有可能获得某物

e.g. e.g. 她有可能得到提升。她有可能得到提升。

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我失掉了他提供免费在西班牙度假的机会。我失掉了他提供免费在西班牙度假的机会。

他鼓起勇气向她求婚。他鼓起勇气向她求婚。

She She is in line foris in line for promotion. promotion.

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qualified to do sth:qualified to do sth: having suitable knowledge, experience, or skills, esp. for having suitable knowledge, experience, or skills, esp. for a particular job a particular job 具备必要条件，合格的；胜任的 具备必要条件，合格的；胜任的

e.g. e.g. 仅有一个人能胜任这个工作。仅有一个人能胜任这个工作。

eager beaver:eager beaver: informal informal someone who is too keen and works harder than thsomeone who is too keen and works harder than they should ey should 做事勤奋的人做事勤奋的人

eligible:eligible: someone who is eligible for sth is able or allowed to do it, for exam someone who is eligible for sth is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are right age, have the right qualification ple because they are right age, have the right qualification 有资格的；有资格的；合格的；具备条件的 合格的；具备条件的 eligible (for sth)/eligible (to do sth)eligible (for sth)/eligible (to do sth)

e.g. Men and woman of eighteen and above e.g. Men and woman of eighteen and above are eligible toare eligible to vote. vote.

He He is eligible foris eligible for retirement. retirement.

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年龄在年龄在 1818 岁以上的男女有投票权。岁以上的男女有投票权。

There’s only one man There’s only one man qualified forqualified for the the job.job.

他合乎退休的条件。他合乎退休的条件。

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polish sth (up):polish sth (up): to make sth seem better or more attractive to other people to make sth seem better or more attractive to other people 修改；润色；润饰 修改；润色；润饰

burn out/burn yourself/sb out:burn out/burn yourself/sb out: to become extremely tired or sick by workin to become extremely tired or sick by working too hard over a period of time g too hard over a period of time 耗尽体力；积劳成疾；累垮耗尽体力；积劳成疾；累垮

e.g. If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he will e.g. If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he will burn himself outburn himself out. .

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他要是继续这样拼命的工作，就会把自己累垮。他要是继续这样拼命的工作，就会把自己累垮。

There’s only one man There’s only one man qualified forqualified for the the job.job.

Translations for Translations for referencereference

An opportunity as good as this arises / occurs only An opportunity as good as this arises / occurs only once in a blue moononce in a blue moon..

The boy felt The boy felt guilty ofguilty of taking money from his mother's handbag without taking money from his mother's handbag without permission.permission.

She did not She did not give credence togive credence to a single word of his story. a single word of his story.

Generally speaking, teachers Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant ofare tolerant of their students' mistakes. their students' mistakes.

I I took it for grantedtook it for granted you'd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. you'd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket.

Thanks to the manager's repeated counseling, the staff soon Thanks to the manager's repeated counseling, the staff soon broke thebroke the badbad habit habit of coming late to work.of coming late to work.

He's furious with her now, but he'll forgive her soon. It's just / only He's furious with her now, but he'll forgive her soon. It's just / only a a matter ofmatter of a few hours, a few hours, that's allthat's all.. Part 3Part 3