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Transcript of P1 Kedah 2010
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1 Diagram 1 shows an organelle in a cell. Rajah 1 menunjukkan organel yang terdapat di dalam sel.
Diagram 1 Rajah 1
What is the function of the organelle?
Apakah fungsi organel ini ?
A Synthesis proteinSintesis protein
B Generate energy Menjana tenaga
C Carry out photosynthesis Menjalankan proses fotosintesis
D Control the activities of the cell
Mengawal aktiviti sel
2 Pancreatic cells secrete hormones.Which organelle is found in high density in pancreatic cells?Sel pankreas merembeskan hormon.
Organel manakah yang banyak terdapat di dalam sel pankreas?
A Golgi apparatus / Jasad golgi
B Lysosome / Lisosom
C Mitochondria / Mitokondria
D Smooth endoplasmic reticulum / Jalinan endoplasmik licin
3 Which of the following is a tissue?
Manakah antara berikut adalah tisu?
A Skin / Kulit
B Flower / Bunga
C Blood / Darah
D Leaf / Daun
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4 Diagram 2 shows organelle P in a plant cell. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu sel tumbuhan
What is the function of P ? Apakah proses yang berlaku dalam organel ini ?
A Store excreted substances. Menyimpan bahan terkumuh
B Store products of photosynthesis
Menyimpan hasil fotosintesis
C Store dissolved oxygen
Menyimpan oksigen terlarut
D Store water and minerals.
Menyimpan air dan bahan mineral.
5 Diagram 3 shows the structure of plasma membrane.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur plasma membrane.
What is the main component of P and Q ?
Apakah komponen utama P dan Q ?
P Q
A Lipid Carbohydrate / Karbohidrat
B Carbohydrate / Karbohidrat Lipid
C Protein / Protein Lipid
D Lipid Protein / Protein
Q
P
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Diagram 3 Rajah 3
P
Diagram 2 Rajah 2
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6 Diagram 4 shows the changes of a plant cell after being immersed in high concentration of salt
solution for 10 minutes.
What is process K?
Rajah 4 menunjukkan perubahan satu sel tumbuhan selepas direndam dalam larutan garam yang
berkepekatan tinggi selama 10 minit.
Apakah proses K?
A Crenation / Krenasi
B Plasmolysis / Plasmolisis
C Haemolysis / Hemolisis
D Deplasmolysis / Deplasmolisis
7 Diagram 5 shows an experiment to study the movement of substances across a visking tubing.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pergerakan bahan merentasi tiub visking.
What are solution Q and R?
Apakah larutan Q dan R?
Q R
A Distilled water Air suling
Sucrose solution 30% Larutan sukrosa 30%
B Sucrose solution 50%
Larutan sukrosa 50%
Sucrose solution 30%
Larutan sukrosa 30%
C Sucrose solution 50%
Larutan sukrosa 50%
Sucrose solution 50%
Larutan sukrosa 50%
D Sucrose solution 30 %
Larutan sukrosa 30%
Distilled water
Air suling
Process K
Proses K
Before
Sebelum
After 10 minutes
Selepas 10 minit
Visking tubing
Tiub visking
After two
hours
Selepas dua
jam Diagram 5
Rajah 5
Diagram 4 Rajah 4
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8 A stalk of mustard green is cut longitudinally into four equal strips. All the strips were
immersed for 30 minutes in sucrose solution of different concentrations.
Which strip was immersed in hypotonic solutions? Batang sawi telah dipotong memanjang kepada empat keratan yang sama saiz. Semua keratan
tersebut direndam dalam larutan sukrosa yang berbeza kepekatan selama 30 minit.
Keratan manakah yang direndam dalam larutan hipotonik?
A
B
Before
Sebelum
C
Before
sebelum
D
BeforeSebelum
epidermis
Before
Sebelum
After 30 minutes
After 30 minutes
epidermis
epidermis
After 30 minutes
After 30 minutes
After 30 minutes
After 30 minutes
After 30 minutes After 30 minutes
epidermis
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9 Diagram 6 shows the experiment to study the activity of salivary amylase.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji aktiviti enzim amilase.
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
Which of following curves represents the result of the experiment?
Manakah antara lengkung berikut mewakili keputusan eksperimen?
A
B
C
D
Kanji masak +
amylase liur
terdidih.
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10 The following information refers to the function of substance K in cell.
Maklumat berikut merujuk kepada fungsi bahan K dalam sel.
What is substance K?
Apakah bahan K?
A Lipid / Lipid C Protein / Protein
B Water / Air D Enzyme / Enzim
11 Diagram 7 shows a biochemical reaction in a cell.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan tindakbalas biokimia di dalam sel.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
What is substance P?
Apakah bahan P
A Monoglyceride
Monogliserid
C Triglyceride
Trigliserid
B Diglyceride
Digliserid
D Glyceride
Gliserid
12 Which type of carbohydrate can be found abundantly in liver cells?
Karbohidrat jenis manakah yang didapati dengan jumlah yang banyak dalam sel hati?
A Starch
Kanji
C Glucose
Glukosa
B Maltose
Maltosa
D Glycogen
Glikogen
• Medium for biochemical reactions in cells
Bahan untuk tindakbalas biokimia dalam sel
• Maintaining osmotic pressure of cells
Mengekalkan tekanan osmotik dalam sel
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13 What is the importance of cellulose in the human diet?
Apakah kepentingan selulosa dalam pemakanan manusia?
A It is digested to glucose which is absorbed and used to generate energy.
Ia dicernakan kepada glukosa yang akan diserap dan digunakan untuk
menjana tenaga
B It is digested, absorbed and reconstituted for use as long-term energy storage.
Ia dicernakan, diserap dan distruktur semula sebagai tenaga simpanan untuk kegunaan
jangkamasa panjang.
C It is digested, absorbed and reconstituted for the formation of cell wall.
Ia dicernakan, diserap dan distruktur semula untuk membentuk dinding sel.
D It absorbs water and adds bulks to the feaces to aid defecation.
Ia menyerap air dan menambahkan pelincir pada bahan tinja untuk membantu
pembuangan najis.
14 Diagram 8 shows the protein structure in haemoglobin molecule. Rajah 8 menunjukkan struktur protein dalam molekul hemoglobin.
Diagram 8 Rajah 8
Which level of this protein structure is?
Aras manakah yang diwakili oleh struktur protein ini?
A Primary structure
Struktur primer
B Secondary structure
Struktur sekunder
C Tertiary structure
Struktur tertier
D Quaternary structure
Struktur kuarterner
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15 Diagrams below show the events occur during meiosis.
Which of the following is Anaphase II?
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan peristiwa yang berlaku semasa meiosis.
Manakah yang berikut menunjukkan peringkat Anafasa II.
A C
B D
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16 Table 1 illustrates stage P, Q, R dan S in mitosis .
Jadual 1 di bawah memperihalkan peringkat P, Q, R dan S dalam mitosis.
StagePeringkat
StructureStruktur
P Q R S
Nuclear
membrane Membran nukleus
NilTiada
NilTiada
NilTiada
Present Hadir
ChromosomeKromosom
UnpairedTidak
berpasangan
At the equator
of cellTersusun pada
satah
Move to
opposite poleBergerak ke
kutub
bertentangan
At the cell
poleTerdapat
di kutub sel
Spindle fibreGentian
Gelendong
Present Hadir
Present Hadir
Present Hadir
DisappearTidak hadir
Table 1 / Jadual 1
Which of the following illustrates about Telophase ?
Manakah yang berikut memperihalkankan tentang Telofasa.?
A P
B Q
C R
D S
17 Digestion of food involves several organs and secretion of enzymes.
Which of the following concerning the organs is true?
Pencernaan melibatkan beberapa organ dan rembesan enzim.
Manakah antara berikut adalah benar mengenai organ-organ tersebut?
Organ
Organ
Secretion
Rembesan
Enzymes
Enzim
A Mouth
Mulut
Saliva
Air liur
Maltase
Maltase
B Liver Hati
Bile Hempedu
Bile Bile
C Pancreas
Pankreas
Pancreatic juice
Jus gaster
Lipase
Lipase
D Stomach
Perut
Gastric juice
Jus gaster
Trypsin
Tripsin
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18 Diagram 9 shows organisms P, Q and R. Rajah 9 menunjukkan organism P, Q dan R.
What are the type of nutrition for organisms P, Q and R?
Apakah jenis nutrisi organisma P,Q dan R.
P Q R
A SaprophyticSaprofitik
Autotrophic Autotrofik
ParasiticParasitik
B Autotrophic
Autotrofik
Hetrotrophic
Heterotrofik
Parasitic
Parasitik
C Autotrophic
Autotrofik
Saprophytic
Saprofitik
Autotrophic
Autotrofik
D Saprophytic
Saprofitik
Parasitic
Parasitik
Autotrophic
Autotrofik
R
P
Q
Dead trunk Batang pokok mati
Diagram 9 Rajah 9
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19 During photosynthesis, oxygen is released.Semasa proses fotosintesis, gas oksigen dibebaskan.
Water + carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen
Air + karbon dioksida glukosa + oksigen
Where does oxygen molecule originate from? Dari mana molekul oksigen berasal?
A Carbon dioxidekarbon dioksida
B GlucoseGlukosa
C ChlorophyllKlorofil
D Water Air
20 Diagram 10 shows the digestive system of a rodent. Rajah 10 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan seekor rodensia
In which parts labelled A, B, C or D does digestion of cellulose takes place? Di bahagaian manakah yang berlabel A, B, C atau D, pencernaan selulosa berlaku?
chlorophyll
cahaya
klorofil
light
B
D
A
C
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
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21 Diagram 11 shows the activity of enzyme X on starch.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan aktiviti enzim X terhadap kanji
What are enzyme X and product Y?
Apakah enzim X dan produk Y
Enzyme X Enzim X Product Y
Produk Y
A Amylase Amilase
GlukoseGlukosa
B Amylase Amilase
Maltose Maltosa
C Maltase Maltase
GlukoseGlukosa
D Maltase Maltase
Maltose Maltosa
22 Which of the following describe how carbon dioxide is transported in blood? Manakah antara berikut memperihalkan bagaimana karbon dioksida diangkut dalam
darah?
I In the form of carbon monoxide Dalam bentuk karbon monoksida
II In the form of oxyhaemoglobin Dalam bentuk oksihemoglobin
III As carbaminohaemoglobinSebagai karbaminohemoglobin
IV As dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood plasmaSebagai karbon dioksida larut dalam plasma darah.
A I and II only I dan II sahaja
B I and III only I dan III sahaja
C II and III only II dan III sahaja
D III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
Enzyme X Enzim X
Starch Product Y
Kanji Produk Y
Diagram 11 Rajah 11
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23 Diagram 11 shows structure X which is part of the respiratory structure of human. Rajah 11 menunjukkan struktur X , sebahagian daripada struktur respirasi pada manusia.
Which of the following is true about structure X ?
Manakah antara berikut betul tentang struktur X?
I It has one-cell thick walls
Ia mempunyai dinding setebal satu sel
II It is covered with a dense blood capillaries
Ia diselaputi oleh salur darah yang banyak
III It contains red pigments known as haemoglobin.
Ia mengandungi pigmen merah yang dikenali sebagai hemoglobin
IV The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in X is high
Tekanan separa gas karbon dioksida dalam X adalah tinggi
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
C II and III only
II dan III sahaja B I and III only
I dan III sahaja
D III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
24 Diagram 12 shows the cross section of human brain. Rajah 12 menunjukkan keratan rentas otak manusia
Based on diagram 12, which of the part labelled A, B, C or D is the respiratory centre in the
human brain? Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 12, manakah bahagian berlabel A, B, C dan D merupakan pusat respirasi
dalam otak manusia?
X
D
C
B
A
Diagram 11
Rajah 11
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25 Which of the following shows the correct energy flow involving decomposers?
Manakah antara berikut menunjukkan pemindahan tenaga yang betul yang melibatkan pengurai?
A
Producers
Decomposers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
B
Producers
Decomposers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
C
Producers
Decomposers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
D
Producers
Decomposers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
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26 Diagram 13 shows two types of sharks, Carcharhinus longimanus and Carcharhinus
obscurus.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan dua jenis jerung, Carcharhinus longimanus dan Carcharhinus
obscurus.
Carcharhinus longimanus
Diagram 13
Rajah 13
Carcharhinus obscurus
Which of the following is the difference between these two types of sharks? Manakah antara berikut merupakan perbezaan antara dua jenis jerung tersebut.
A Species
B Family
C Genus
D Class
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27 Diagram 14 shows the role of bacteria T and R in the nitrogen cycle. Rajah 14 menunjukkan peranan bakteria T dan R dalam kitar nitrogen.
Which of the following are bacteria T and R?
Manakah antara berikut ialah bakteria T dan R?
Bacteria T Bacteria R
A Rhizobium sp. Denitrifying bacteria.
B Nitrosomonas sp. Rhizobium sp.
C Nostoc sp. Nitrosomonas sp.
D Nitrobacter sp. Nostoc sp.
Bacteria T Bakteria T
Bacteria R
Bakteria R
Diagram 14 Rajah 14
Nitrites
Nitrates /
Nitrat
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28 Graph 1 shows the changes of both the temperature and the concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere from the year of 1960 to 2005.Graf 1 menunjukkan perubahan suhu dan kandungan CO2 dalam atmosfera dari tahun1960 hingga 2005.
Graph 1Graf 1
Which statement is correct relating to the graph?Pernyataan manakah yang benar tentang graf tersebut?
A Increasing of atmospheric temperature cause the volume of CO2 expand.
Peningkatan suhu atmosfera menyebabkan isipadu CO2 bertambah.
B CO2 trapped the heat reflected by the Earth surface in the atmosphere.
Gas CO2 memerangkap haba yang terpantul oleh permukaan bumi di dalam atmosfera
C CO2 allows more solar radiation penetrate to the Earth atmosphere.
Gas CO2 membolehkan lebih banyak sinaran solar menembusi ke atmosfera bumi
D Increasing of atmospheric temperature causes more CO2 released by the organisms on
Earth.Peningkatan suhu atmosfera menyebabkan lebih banyak gas CO2 dibebas oleh organisma
di bumi.
Temperature /
Suhu
CO2
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29 Eutrophication causes the death of the aquatic organisms in a lake.
Eutrofikasi menyebabkan kematian organisma akuatik di dalam sebuah tasik
Which statement explain the situation?
Kenyataan manakah menerangkan situasi ini?
A Eutrophication causes the BOD value of the lake water decrease.
Eutrofikasi menyebabkan nilai BOD air tasik menurun.
B Eutrophication reduces the mineral contents in the lake.
Eutrofikasi mengurangkan kandungan mineral di dalam tasik
C Eutrophication causes the concentration of O2 in the lake decrease.
Eutrofikasi menyebabkan kepekatan O2 di dalam tasik berkurangan.
D Eutrophication causes the concentration of CO2 in the lake increase.
Eutrofikasi menyebabkan kepekatan CO2 di dalam tasik meningkat.
30 The following imformation is about blood clotting .
Pernyataan berikut adalah mengenai pembekuan darah.
W – Erythrocytes are trappedW – Eritrosit terperangkap
X – Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin X – Thrombin menukarkan fibrinogen kepada fibrin
Y – Platelets produce thromboplastinY - Platelet menghasilkan thromboplastin
Z – Thromboplastin with the help of calcium and vitamin k convert
prothrombin to thrombin Z- Thromboplastin dengan bantuan kalsium dan vitamin k menukarkan prothrombin kepada
thrombin
Which of the following is the correct order of the blood clotting process? Manakah antara berikut adalah urutan yang benar dalam proses pembekuan darah?
A W, Y, Z, X
B W, X, Y, Z
C Y, Z, X, W
D Z, Y, X,W
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31 Graph 2 shows the level of immunity in a person after two injections.
Graf 2 menunjukkan aras keimunan pada seorang individu selepas diberi dua suntikan.
Which type of immunity is shown by the graph?
Apakah jenis keimunan yang ditunjukkan oleh graf?
A Natural active immunity / keimunan aktif semulajadi
B Natural passive immunity / keimunan pasif semulajadi
C Artificial active immunity / keimunan aktif buatan
D Artificial passive immunity / keimunan pasif buatan
32 Diagram 14 shows the sequence in a process carried out by leucocyte.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan urutan satu proses yang dilakukan oleh leukosit.
What is the process ? Apakah proses ini?
A Lysis / Lisis
B Phagocytosis / Fagositosis
C Agglutination / Aglutinin
D Neutralisation
First
injection
Second
injection Graph 2
Graf 2
Immunity level Aras keimunan
Pathogen
Diagram 14 Rajah 14
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33 Diagram 15 shows the muscles in the upper limb.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan kedudukan otot dalam anggota hadapan
What happens to the parts labeled P, Q and R when the upper limb is bent ?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada bahagian berlabel P, Q dan R apabila anggota hadapan
dibengkokkan?
P Q R
A Contracts
Mengecut
Relaxes
Mengendur
Pulled up
Tertarik ke atas
B Contracts
Mengecut
Relaxes
Mengendur
Pulled down
Tertarik ke bawah
C Relaxes
Mengendur
Contracts
Mengecut
Pulled up
Tertarik ke atasD Relaxes
Mengendur
Contracts
Mengecut
Pulled down
Tertarik ke bawah
34 The following terms are related to a part of the human appendicular skeleton.
Istilah berikut adalah berkaitan dengan bahagian rangka apendaj manusia
Which part is being described ?
Apakah bahagian yang digambarkan?
A Clavicle / Klavikel
B Metatarsals / Metatarsus
C Pelvic girdle / Lengkungan pelvis
D Pectoral girdle / Lengkungan pektoral
Diagram 15 Rajah 15
Ilium , pubis, ischium
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35 Diagram 16 shows a type of plant tissue.
Rajah 16 menunjukkan sejenis tisu tumbuhan.
Which plant consists of the most of this tissue?
Tumbuhan manakah yang mempunyai paling banyak tisu ini?
A Banana tree
Pokok pisang
B Hydrilla sp
C Cucumber plant
Pokok timun
D Mango tree
Pokok mangga
36 The following information describes the functions of hormone K.
Maklumat berikut menerangkan fungsi suatu harmon K.
• Increases the metabolisme of most body cell
Meningkatkan kadar metabolik bagi kebanyakan sel badan
• Regulates growth and development of the body
Menyelaraskan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan badan
What is hormone K?
Apakah hormon K?
A Thyroxine
Tiroksin
B Insulin
Insulin
C Adrenaline
Adrenalina
D Aldosterone
Aldosteron
Diagram 16
Rajah 16
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37 Diagram 17 shows a cut off apical coleoptile which placed on an agar block. The plant then
exposed to the sunlight.
Rajah 17 menunjukkan koleoptil apikal yang dipotong dan di letak di atas blok agar. Tumbuhan
itu kemudian didedahkan kepada cahaya.
Diagram 17
Rajah 17
What is the possible result at the end of the experiment?
Apakah keputusan yang mungkin ditunjukkan pada akhir experimen?
A C
B D
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38 Which of the following plant hormones can promote growth of shoot and delay fruit ripening?
Antara hormon tumbuhan berikut, yang manakah menggalakkan pertumbuhan pucuk dan
melambatkan pemasakan buah?
A Auxin
Auksin
B Ethylene
Etilena
C Cytokinins
Sitokinin
D Abscisic acid
Asid abskisik
39 Diagram 18 shows the structure of a nephron
Rajah 18 menunjukkan satu struktur nefron
Which of the following will cause X to be more permeable to water?
Manakah antara berikut akan menyebabkan X lebih telap kepada air?
P - Drink a lot of water
Minum banyak air
Q - Eat salty food
Makan makanan yang masin
R – Watching TV
Menonton TV
S – Vigorous exercise
Aktiviti cergas
A P and R
P dan R
C Q and R
Q dan R
B P and S
P dan S
D Q and S
Q dan S
Diagram 18 Rajah 18
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40 Diagram 19 shows the development of follicle in ovary.
Rajah 19 menunjukkan perkembangan folikel di dalam ovari
Which of the following are X, Y and Z?
Antara berikut yang manakah ialah X, Y dan Z?
X Y Z
A Primary Follicle
Folikel Primer
Secondary Oocyte
Oosit Sekunder
Corpus Luteum
Korpus Luteum
B Corpus Luteum
Korpus Luteum
Primary Follicle
Folikel Primer
Secondary Oocyte
Oosit Sekunder
C Secondary OocyteOosit Sekunder
Corpus LuteumKorpus Luteum
Primary FollicleFolikel Primer
D Primary Follicle
Folikel Primer
Corpus Luteum
Korpus Luteum
Secondary Oocyte
Oosit Sekunder
Z
yX
Diagram 19 Rajah 19
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41 Diagram 20 shows how the thickness of endometrium change against the level of
hormone X and Y.
Rajah 20 menunjukkan bagaimana perubahan penebalan dinding endometrium
berubah terhadap aras hormon X dan Y .
Based on the diagram which statement is correct ?
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, penyataan manakah betul?
A The level of Y increases, the thickness of the endometrium increases
Paras Y meningkat, . penebalan dinding endometrium meningkat B The level of X increases , ovulation occur
Paras X meningkat, proses ovulasi berlaku
C The level of Y decreases , the corpus luteum degenerates
Paras Y menurun, korpus luteum menyusut
D The level of X decreases , development of follicle occur
Paras X menyusut , perkembangan folikel berlaku
42 Which of the following hormones stimulates the ovulation?
Manakah hormon yang berikut merangsang proses ovulasi?
A Oestrogen Estrogen
B Progesterone
Progesteron
C Luteinising hormone
Hormon Peluteinan
D Follicle –stimulating hormone
Hormone Perangsang Folikel
X
Y
Diagram 20
Rajah 20
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43 Diagram 21 shows the stages in the development of zygote after fertilization in human
uterus.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan peringkat perkembangan zigot selepas persenyawaan di dalam
uterus manusia.
What are P, Q , R and S ?
Apakah P, Q, R dan S?
P Q R S
A Blastocyst
Blastosista
Morula
Morula
Zygote
Zigot
Secondary Oocyte
Oosit sekunder
B Secondary oocyte
Oosit Sekunder
Zygote
Zigot
Morula
Morula
Blastocyct
Blastosista
C Zygote
Zigot
Blastocyst
Blastosista
Secondary
oocyte
Oosit Sekunder
Morula
Morula
D Morula
Morula
Zygote
Zigot
Secondary
oocyte
Oosit Sekunder
Blastocyst
Blastosista
P
QR
S
Diagram 21 / Rajah 21
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44 Graph 3 shows the result of an investigation on the students’ height in a class.Graf 3 menunjukkan keputusan kajian ke atas ketinggian pelajar dalam kelas.
Which of the following is true based on the result of the investigation ? Manakah antara berikut adalah benar berdasarkan keputusan kajian ini ?
I Height is a type of continuous variationKetinggian adalah jenis variasi selanjar
II Height is controlled by recessive genes
Ketinggian dikawal oleh gen resesif III Environmental factors affect the height of the students.
Faktor persekitaran mempengaruhi ketinggian pelajar.
IV The parents of tall students are tall too.
Ibu bapa pelajar yang tinggi adalah tinggi juga.
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B I and III only
I dan III sahaja
C II and III only
II dan III sahaja D III and IV only
II Idan IV sahaja
Number of
students Bilangan pelajar
Height /cmKetinggian /cm
Graph 3Graf 3
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45 Diagram 22 shows a type of variation in humans.
Rajah 22 menunjukkan sejenis variasi pada manusia.
What is the factor that cause this variation
Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan variasi ini.
A The difference in the sequence of gene nucleotide.Perbezaan pada susunan nukleotid gen
B Nondisjuntion in gamete formation
‘nondisjuntion’ dalam pembentukan gamet
C An increase in chromosomal numberPertambahan dalam bilangan kromosom
D External environmental factorsFaktor-faktor persekitaran luar.
46 Diagram 23 shows a process that cause genetic variation. Rajah 23 menunjukkan proses yang menyebabkan variasi genetik.
Which of the following is caused by the above process? Manakah antara berikut disebabkan oleh proses di atas?
A Night blindness Rabun malam
B Colour-blindness Buta warna
C Down’s syndromeSindrom down
D Klinefelter’s syndromeSindrom Klinefelter
Diagram 22 Rajah 22
Diagram 23 Rajah 23
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47 Which of the following cause albinisme ? Manakah antara berikut yang menyebabkan albino ? I Dominant gene
Gen dominan II Environmental factors
Faktor-faktor persekitaran III Gene mutation
Mutasi gen
IV The absence of melanin pigmentKetidakhadiran pigmen melanin
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B I and III only
I dan III sahaja
C II and III only
II dan III sahaja
D III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
48 Diagram 24 shows mutation occurs in a chromosome.
Rajah 24 menunjukkan mutasi berlaku dalam satu kromosom
What type of chromosome mutation is shown?
Apakah jenis mutasi kromosom ditunjukkan?
A Deletion / Pelenyapan
B Inversion / Penyongsangan
C Duplication / Penggandaan
D Translocation / Translokasi
Break
Putus
Break
Putus
Hilan
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49 Diagram 25 shows a dihybrid cross between two pea plants
Rajah 25 menunjukkan kacukan dihibrid antara dua pokok kacang pea.
Which of the following represents the genotypes of M, N and W?
Antara berikut, yang manakah mewakili genotip M, N dan W?
M N W
A RR gg RRgg
B GG rr rrGGC RG rg RrGg
D RG rg RRgg
Parent
Induk
Phenotypes Round, green seed X Wrinkled, yellow seed
Fenotip Biji bulat, hijau Biji kedut, kuning
RRGG rrgg
NM
W
Gametes
Gamet
F1 Generation
Generasi F1
Genotype
Genotip
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50 Diagram 26 shows the pedigree of a family which inherited colour blindness. Rajah 26 menunjukkan salasilah sebuah keluarga yang mewarisi buta warna
P marries a normal male.
What is the probability that their son is a colour blindness?
P berkahwin dengan seorang lelaki normal.
Apakah kebarangkalian anak lelaki mereka adalah seorang buta warna?
A 25%
B 50%
C 75%
D 100%
Kertas Soalan Tamat
Diagram 26 Rajah 26
Key
Kekunci
Normal male
Lelaki normal
Colour blind male
Lelaki buta warna
Normal female
Perempuan normal
Colour blind female
Perempuan buta warna