UNIT 42-UK TV BROADCASTINGP1

http://www.mediastudentsbook.com/content/case-study-outline-history-tv-uk

THE EARLY YEARS 1936–55In the early years T.V was only for the metropolitan middle class. For short time during1939-1946 all broadcasting was disrupted because of the war. Back then the BBC only had one channel and could only be received by 81 percentage of the population. Viewers were required to have a radio and T.V license. In 1955 only four and a half million people had a T.V License.

A UNIVERSAL PUBLIC SERVICE 1955–82Introduction of the ‘commercial’ or ‘independent’ television. However, the BBC introduced a new channel with a higher resolution in 1964. In 1967 the ‘switchover’ to colour transmissions began and the final ‘switchover was made in 1985. T.V broadcasting companies such as BBBC and ITV were closely controlled but the IBA

THE BEGINNINGS OF PLURALISM 1982–90In 1982, Channel Four was established. This meant that it was not under the BBC and therefore could raise a diverse audience. Channel four was the first public organisation. T was funded by various advertising revenue. Although, they did not produce their own programmes they because a ‘ broadcaster publisher and created this new form of television where a wider spread a viewpoints were represented.

THE MULTI-CHANNEL ENVIRONMENT, 1990 ONWARDIn 1990 and 1996, the Broadcasting Act legislated ‘ independent television’ where digital broadcasting would provide more variety in channels along side computer services. This meant that after 35 years, BBC, Channel Four and ITV would share their audience with other broadcasters.

HISTORY OF UK TV

WHAT IS UK TV BROADCASTING?• Television broadcasting in the UK, was introduced as an

extension of radio broadcasting. Its development was the responsibility of the BBC.

• The BBC was set up as the British Broadcasting Company in 1922 by a group of manufacturers of wireless equipment – an early attempt by hardware manufacturers to create software and a distribution system.

• The BBC is a private sector organisation was the world’s first ‘national broadcaster’ but during the General Strike of 1926, On 1st January 1927, the British Broadcasting Corporation was founded with a Royal Charter and granted a licence to broadcast. The new corporation had a measure of independence from the state.http://www.mediastudentsbook.com/content/case-study-outline-history-tv-uk

P1 A-OWNERSHIPMedia regulatorsThe Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). Government is responsible for broadcasting and creative industries in the UK . The UK communications industries, with responsibilities across television, radio, telecommunications and wireless communications services is controlled by Ofcom an independent regulator competition authority

Website address http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure

P1 A-OWNERSHIP

Website address http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure

Royal CharterThe BBC is established under a Royal Charter. The charter that is in place now has been going since 2007 and end this year. This means that it will be reviewed and the Royal Charter will decide if they will continue to support the BBC.

BBC TrustThe strategy and direction of the BBC is set through the BBC Trust which is governed by the Royal Charter. The BBC Trust has a clear duty to represent the interests of the licence fee payers. The Trust sets purpose remits, issues service licences and holds the Executive Board to account for its performance in delivering BBC services. The Trust works closely with national Audience Councils in order to understand the needs and concerns of audiences.

Executive The Executive Board is responsible for the operational management of the BBC in controlled by The Executive Board. Directors from across the BBC contribute to the leadership of the organisation as part of the Executive Team.

P1- A- Operating Model Executive Structure

P1- A- OPERATING MODEL- EXECUTIVE

STRUCTURE• Directors from across the BBC contribute to the leadership of the organisation as part of the Executive

Team. The Executive Board is in charge of the BBC. The board responsibility is deliver the BBC’s services in accordance with the strategy agreed with the BBC Trust, and for all aspects of operational management.

• BBC Trust appoints the Director-General is chairman of the Executive Board, as well as chief executive and editor-in-chief of the BBC; The Board is a mixture of executive directors from within the BBC and non-executive directors, who bring external expertise and insight to the operation of the Board. The Executive Board meets monthly, and they share the outcomes of these meetings online.

Changes to the Executive BoardOn Friday 5 February it was announced that Sir Nicholas Serota would be joining the Executive Board as a Non-Executive Director. Sir Nicholas will take up his role on 1 August 2016.

Charlotte Moore is currently attending the Executive Board in her capacity as Acting Director, Television.

P1- A- Operating Model- Structure- Executive Team

Executive TeamIn addition to the directors who make up the Board, other directors are engaged in the Executive Team, which looks at pan-BBC issues and ensures that all divisions are involved in delivering the BBC’s objectives.

P1- A- Operating Model- Structure- Television Division

http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/vision.html

P1- A- Operating Model- Structure- Television Division

http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/vision.html

P1- A- Operation Model- Partnerships

Partnership through Make It Digital• ‘Micro Bit’ coding device to all year 7 children across the UK for free to inspire a future

generation - 1 million devices in total.• Programmes and online activity involving the BBC’s biggest and best-loved brands,

including Doctor Who, EastEnders, Radio 1, The One Show, Children in Need, BBC Weather and many more.

• The Make it Digital Traineeship to up to 5,000 young unemployed people.• Partnerships with around 50 major organisations across the UK, including Apps for Good,

ARM, Barclays, British Computing Society, BT, Code Club, DWP, Google, iDEA, Microsoft, Nesta, Samsung, Skills Funding Agency, Tech City UK, the Tech Partnership, TeenTech, Young Rewired State.

• In Get Creative we'll be working closely with a huge number of external organisations including Culture at King’s, Voluntary Arts, 64 Million Artists, Fun Palaces, Cultural Learning Alliance, and Arts Council England, as well as Culture 24, The Royal Shakespeare Company, the BFI, The Roundhouse, Sadler’s Wells, The Young Vic, National Theatre Wales, Arts Council Wales and many more. It’s the first time amateur and professional arts organisations have come together on a national project of this scale.

Information: http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/howwework/partnerships

The BBC does not carry out any advertising or sponsorship on its public services. They do this because they want to remain independent of commercial interests and ensure they can be run purely to serve the general public interest.

If airtime was sold either wholly or partially, advertisers and other commercial pressures would be able to have their say on when the programme is filmed and schedule priorities. Which deceases the There revenue for broadcasters.

To guarantee a wide range of unrestricted programmes, each households pays for a T.V license. This guarantees that a wide range of high-quality programmes can be made available, unrestricted, to everyone. The licence fee also helps support production skills, training, local

The BBC runs additional commercial services around the world. These are not financed by the licence fee but are kept quite separate from the BBC's public services.

P1- A-Operating Model- Relationship with Advertisers

http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/howwework/policiesandguidelines/advertising.html

Information: http://www.bbc.co.uk/annualreport/2014/executive/finances/licence_fee.html

P1- A- Operation Model- Revenue

In 2014, the BBC made 3,726 million on license fees and 1,340 from other commercial avenues such as BBC Worldwide.Total income: 5,066

Operating Cost for production of all content on BBC was 4,722

This highlights how BBC total income comes from licensing fees and worldwide sorts which makes them different from other U.K broadcasters such as ITV and Channel 4.