P P Lecon 1
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La France
BIENVENUE!
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Les francais
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FRENCH ACCENTSThere are four French accents for vowels and one accent for a consonant. For specific information on what
the accents do to change the pronunciation of the letters they modify, please see the appropriate letter pages.
The accent aigu ´ (acute accent) can only be on an E. At the beginning of a word, it often indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., étudiant (student).
The accent grave ` (grave accent) can be found on an A, E, or U. On the A and U, it usually serves to distinguish between words that would otherwise be homographs; e.g., ou (or) vs où (where).
The accent circonflexe ˆ (circumflex) can be on an A, E, I, O, or U. The circumflex usually indicates that an S used to follow that vowel, e.g., forêt (forest). It also serves to distinguish between homographs; e.g., du (
contraction11 of de + le) vs dû (past participle12 of devoir).
The accent tréma ¨ (dieresis or umlaut) can be on an E, I, or U. It is used when two vowels are next to each other and both must be pronounced, e.g., naïve, Saül.
The cédille ¸ (cedilla) is found only on the letter C. It changes a hard C sound (like K) into a soft C sound (like S), e.g., garçon. The cedilla is never placed in front of E or I, because C always sounds like an S in front of
these vowels.
It is essential to put accents in their proper places - an incorrect or missing accent is a spelling mistake just as an incorrect or missing letter would be. The only exception to this is capital letters, which are often left
unaccented. You may not realize it, but French accents have a purpose. While some accents just signify that an S used to follow that vowel in Old French (e.g., étudiant used to be spelled estudiant), most French accents indicate the correct pronunciation of the letter they modify. In addition, there are dozens of French word pairs which are spelled (though not always pronounced) the same other than accents. To avoid confusion, you should always distinguish between these words by using the correct accents.*
a - third person singular of avoir1 (to have)à2 - (preposition3) to, at, in
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In French there are the 26 letters of the alfabet. Many have “accessories” : Accents are in the AEIOU (è, é, etc...) or with the cedilla (ç). When you are spelling your name , such as in a phone call, you need to know how to pronounce it en french:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Most of the time, do not pronouncefinal d, s, t or x in French words.
As an example, red letters are not pronounced in the following words:
un rebond (a bounce) français (French) un saut (a jump) heureux (happy)
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Escucharás "on" en los siguientes ejemplos. Escucharás "on" en los siguientes ejemplos.
Francés Español une maison una casa un garçon un chico comprendre (*) entender un combat (*) una lucha
¡Ojo! (*) "On" antes de "p" o "b" se escribe "om".Pero hay una excepción: un bonbon (un bombón).
Consejo: ¡Pronuncia "ou" como "u"! Consejo: ¡Pronuncia "ou" como "u"!
Francés Español la tour Eiffel la torre Eiffel mourir morir un mouvement un movimiento vous Usted/Ustedes
Escucharás "Escucharás "oi" en los siguientes ejemplosoi" en los siguientes ejemplos
Francés Españolune fois una vezun toit un techoun poisson un pezcroire creer
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Acomme
appel
Bcomme
ballonPaul?
Présent!
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Ccomme
crayons
Dcomme
deux
2
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Ecomme
éléphant
Fcomme
fenêtre
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Gcomme
gomme
Hcomme
heure
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Icomme
important
Jcomme
jeHSCB
Les devoirs pour le weekend!
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Kcomme
kangourou
Lcomme
livre
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Mcomme
maison
Ncomme
neuf
9
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Ocomme
orange
Pcomme
professeur
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Qcomme
quatre
Rcomme
règle
4
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Scomme
stylo
Tcomme
trousse
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Ucomme
un
Vcomme
vingt
1 20
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Wcomme
weekend
Xcomme
xylophoneSamedi Dimanche
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ABC
Exercice 1
Most of the time, do not pronouncefinal d, s, t or x in French words.
As an example, red letters are not pronounced in the following words: un rebond (a bounce)
français (French)un saut (a jump)heureux (happy)
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Acomme
appelPaul?
Présent!
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Ecomme
éléphant
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Icomme
importantHSCB
Les devoirs pour le weekend!
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Ocomme
orange
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Ucomme
un
1
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Fcomme
fenêtre
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Jcomme
je
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Ccomme
crayons
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Bcomme
ballon
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Gcomme
gomme
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Dcomme
deux
2
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Hcomme
heure
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ABC
Exercice 2
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Ucomme
un
1
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Ocomme
orange
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Icomme
importantHSCB
Les devoirs pour le weekend!
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Ecomme
éléphant
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Acomme
appelPaul?
Présent!
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Lcomme
livre
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Pcomme
professeur
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Ncomme
neuf
9
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Qcomme
quatre
4
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Mcomme
maison
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Rcomme
règle
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Kcomme
kangourou
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Ecomme
éléphant
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Acomme
appelPaul?
Présent!
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Ocomme
orange
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Ucomme
un
1
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Icomme
importantHSCB
Les devoirs pour le weekend!
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Tcomme
trousse
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Xcomme
xylophone
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Vcomme
vingt
20
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Zcomme
zoo
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Wcomme
weekendSamedi Dimanche
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Scomme
stylo
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Les pronoms personnels• Je• Tu • Il/elle/ on• Nous• Vous• Ils/elles
• Il = masculin singulier• Elle = féminin singulier
• I• You non formal• He/ She/one• We• You formal• They
• Ils = masculin pluriel• Elles = feminin pluriel
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Épeler les mots suivants• Dimos• Xenopoulous• France• Rue• Avenue• Bonjour• Voilà• Wagon• Yen• zen
• Homme• Mademoiselle• Enchante• Gifle• Jeune• Karate• Quoi
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English French Reponses English What's your name?Comment vous appelez-vous ? (formal)Comment t'appelles-tu ? (familiar) Je m'appelle... My name is... I'd like to introduce... Je vous présente... (formal)Je te présente... (familiar) Enchanté(e) Delighted This is... Voici... Il s'appelle... His name is...Elle s'appelle... Her name is...
Note: The French verb introduire is a false cognate; you can't use it when talking about introducing one person to another.
Formal vs familiar - Tu vs Vous
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Se presenter
• Comment• Comment t’appelles tu?
• Je m’appelle• Qui c’est?• C’est• Mon ami(e)• Et toi?• Oui / non
• What• What is your name (f)• My name is• Who is it?• It’s …• My friend• And You?• Yes / no
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Nom / Name• Nom (m) Last name El Nombre• Prénom (m) Fisrt name El nombre• Mon nom My last name mi Apellido• Mon prénom My first name mi nombre• Votre nom Your last name tu apellido (formal / group)• Votre prénom Your first name tu nombre (formal /group)• Ton nom Your last name• Ton Prénom Your first name
• Comment ça s'écrit? How do you spell it? (how do you write it)• S'il vous plaît Please por favor (formal)• S'il te plaît Please por favor• Jean, comment ça s'écrit? Jean, how do you spell it?• ça s'écrit J E A N it spells J E A N• Mon prénom est Paul My firstname is Paul
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• tu and vous. In English, the second person subject pronoun is always you, no matter how many people you're talking to, and whether you know them or not.
• In French, these distinctions are very important - you must understand when and why to use each of them. Otherwise, you may inadvertantly insult someone by using the wrong you.
Vous is the formal and plural you. It is used to show respect or maintain a certain distance or formality with someone. Use vous when speaking to someone you don't know well
• an older person• an authority figure• anyone to whom you wish to show
respectVous is also the plural you - you have to use
it when talking to more than one person, no matter how close you are.
French has two different words for you:
Tu is the familiar you, which demonstrates a certain closeness and informality. Use tu when speaking to one friendpeer / colleaguerelativechildpet
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Because the tu / vous distinction doesn't exist in English, beginning French students often have trouble with it. Some people follow the guideline of using whatever the other person uses with them. This can be misleading: someone in authority may use tu with you, but that certainly doesn't mean that you can respond in kind. You can try asking On peut se tutoyer ?2, but when in doubt, I tend to use vous. I'd rather show someone too much respect than not enough!
*There are even verbs to indicate which pronoun you're using:
tutoyer3 = to use tu vouvoyer4 = to use vous
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LES SALUTATIONS
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Bonjour la classe!
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Bonjour Monsieur!
Bonjour Bart!
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Bonjour Madame!
Bonjour Bart!
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Bonjour Mademoiselle!
Bonjour Bart!
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Bonjour Monsieur? Bonjour Madame? Bonjour Mademoiselle?
BonjourMonsieur!
BonjourMonsieur!
BonjourMadame!
BonjourMadame!
BonjourMademoiselle!
BonjourMademoiselle!
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Bonjour! Salut! Bonsoir! Bonne nuit! Au revoir!
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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Ça va?
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?
Ça va?1.
Ça va très bien merci2.
Ça va3.
Bof!4.
Ça ne va pas du tout!5.
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C’est quelle phrase?
?
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Le Morpion!
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
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Le Morpion!
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
?
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Le Morpion!
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
?
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Comment tu t’appelles?
Je m’appelle Benoît, et toi?
Benoît
Je m’appelle AliceAlice
?
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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Bonjour, Benoît
Salut,Alice
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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?
Comment ça va?
Très bien, merci Comme ci, comme ça Ça va mal
Au revoir
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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Saying Hello & Goodbye
• Bonjour• Salut
• Au revoir• Bonsoir• Bonne nuit• A bientot
• Hello• Hi / goodbye
• Goodbye• Good evening• Goodnight• See you soon
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• ça va? Is everything alright? Como estas?
• Comment allez-vous? How are you? (to a group or you don't know well the person)
• Comment vas-tu? How are you (to a buddy, family member...)
• Bien Well or Fine bien
• Pas trop mal Not too bad
• Comment vous appelez-vous? What is your name?
(to a group or you don't know well the person) como te llamas?
• Comment t'appelles-tu? What is your name? (to a buddy, family member...)
• Je m'appelle Jean My name is Jean me llamo Jean
• Monsieur Sir or Mr Señor
• Madame Madam or Mrs Señora
• Je m'appelle Paul, et vous, comment vous appellez-vous?
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Hasta Luego / Bye
à plus tard! see you later!à tout à l'heure see you soon! see you in a while!à bientôt! see you soon!à tout de suite! see you in a little while / in a second!à demain! see you tomorrow!à plus! (Informal) TTFN!, laters!bonne journée! have a good day!bonne soirée! have a good evening!bonne chance! good luck!bonne route! have a good journey!
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with your friends
Salut can be used to say hello or goodbye• Ca va ? How are You?• Ca va bien merci. I am fine thank
you• Ca ne va pas tres bien. I do not feel to
well• Et toi? And you?• Bien merci. Fine thank you
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With strangers• Comment allez vous? How are you?• Ca va bien merci Etc…..• Bonjour Madame Good morning Madam• Bonjour Monsieur Good morning Sir• Bonsoir Good evening• Mademoiselle Miss• Madame Mrs• Monsieur Mr• Enchante(e) please to meet you• Bonne journée have a nice day• Bonne soirée have a nice evening
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s'il vous / te plaît please
• pardon! excuse me!, sorry!
• pardon? excuse me?, sorry?
• merci! thank you!
• Merci beaucoup Thank you very much
• de rien not at all!, no problem!, you're welcome!
• je vous / t’en prie you're welcome (formal)
• excusez-moi! excuse me, can I get past
• bon apétit! enjoy your meal!
• bon ap! (Informal) enjoy your meal!
• santé! Cheers!• C'est très aimable à vous Very nice of you• Je suis désolé I am sorry• Ce n'est rien It is nothing
La Politesse
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HelpAu secours HelpAu feu! FireAu voleur! Thief or Stop thief!Les pompiers (m) FiremenLes pompiers c'est le 18 For the firemen dial 18La police (f) PoliceLa police c'est le 17 For the police dial 17Appelez la police Call the policeLe Samu for medical emergenciesLe Samu c'est le 15 / For the Samu dial 15
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As-tu des frères ou des soeurs?
J’ ai un frère, il s’appelle Robert
J’ai une soeur, elle s’appelle Danielle
Je n’ai pas de frères ni de soeurs
?
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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Monsieur King Kong,as-tu des frères ou des soeurs?
Non, je suis fils unique
Mademoiselle Super woman, as-tu des frères ou des soeurs
Non, je suis fille unique
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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Nombres/ Numeros
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0. Zero1. Un2. Deux3. Trois4. Quatre(sometimes you can hear people
saying Quat')5. Cinq (we sometimes say Cin')6. Six7. Sept8. Huit9. Neuf10. Dix
11. Onze12. Douze13. Treize14. Quatorze15. Quinze16. Seize17. Dix-Sept18. Dix-huit19. Dix-neuf20. Vingt
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Les nombres 20-31
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Vingt
Vingt et un
Vingt-deux
Vingt-trois
Vingt-quatre
Vingt-cinq
Vingt-six
Vingt-sept
Vingt-huit
Vingt-neuf
Trente
Trente et un
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Nombres + 2020 (vingt) 21 (vingt et un).22 (vingt deux).23.24.25.26.27.28.2930 (trente).31 (trente et un).32.33.34.35.36.37.38.3940 (quarante).41 (quarante et un).42.43.44.45.46.47.48.4950 (cinquante).51 (cinquante et un).52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59 60 (soixante).61 (soixante et un).62.63.64.65.66.67.68.6970 (soixante-dix) 71 (soixante et onze).72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79 80 (quatre-vingt).81 (quatre-vingt un).82.83.84.85.86.87.88.8990 (quatre-vingt-dix) .91 (quatre-vingt onze).92.93.94.95.96.97.98.99
You can see that from 21 to 71 we use "and" "et" between the two numbers: "vingt ET un", "trente ET un", but for 81 and 91 no!
-70,80,90 are pretty complicated as you can see:70 is 60 10, 80 is 4 20 and 90 is 4 20 10, other french speaking countries use septante for 70, huitante for
80 and nonante for 90 which are more logical (Switzerland, Belgium).
9. 100. 1000. 1,000,000 . 1,000,000,000
101: cent un200: deux cents1023: mille vingt trois2000: deux mille (no s at the end)1,000,000: un million1,000,000,000: un milliard
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Qu.... ... ..-..? J’.. d.. a..
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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Nombres ExAn (m) Year
Un an One year, take care of the connection between the 2 words.
Quel âge as-tu? How old are you?
T'as quel âge? (most used) How old are you?
Quel âge avez-vous? How old are you? (formal)
J'ai 8 ans I am 8 (in French we say I have 8 years)
J'ai 15 ans I am 15
Combien de frères as-tu? How many brothers do you have?
Combien de sœurs as-tu? How many sisters do you have?
J'ai deux frères et une (f) soeur (f) I have 2 brothers and 1 sister
Ton numéro de téléphone, s'il te plaît! Your telephone number please!
We have two words for numbers: "nombres" when you calculate and "numéro (m)" to point a thing like
your telephone or your house number.
So now, you know as to say "I have one” : j’ai
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Quel âge as-tu? J’ai dix ans
un cinq dixdeux trois quatre six sept huit neuf
onze
douze
treize quinze
quatorze seize
dix-sept
dix-huit
dix-neuf
vingt
Copyright © Bruno Guillemin 2004
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Nom / Name• Nom (m) Last name El Nombre• Prénom (m) Fisrt name El nombre• Mon nom My last name mi Apellido• Mon prénom My first name mi nombre• Votre nom Your last name tu apellido (formal /
group)• Votre prénom Your first name tu nombre(formal /group)• Ton nom Your last name• Ton Prénom Your first name• Comment ça s'écrit? How do you spell it? (how do you write it)
• S'il vous plaît Please por favor (formal)• S'il te plaît Please por favor• Jean, comment ça s'écrit? Jean, how do you spell it?• ça s'écrit J E A N it spells J E A N• Mon prénom est Paul My firstname is Paul
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Ah, dis-moi,
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Regarde autour de toi
et dis-moi tout ce que tu vois, ah-ah!
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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C’est un livre
C’est un cahier
C’est une fenêtre
C’est le plancher
C’est un tableau
C’est le professeur
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Nous voilà à nos pupitres
Oh-là-là, c’est le directeur qui dit:
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Ah, dis-moi,
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Regarde autour de toi
et dis-moi tout ce que tu vois, ah-ah!
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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C’est une chaise
C’est un crayon
C’est un magnétophone
C’est le plafond
C’est une règle
C’est un ordinateur
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Nous voilà à nos pupitres
Oh-là-là, c’est le directeur qui dit:
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Ah, dis-moi,
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Regarde autour de toi
et dis-moi tout ce que tu vois, ah-ah!
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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C’est un corridor
C’est un escalier
C’est une très grande porte
C’est un écolier
C’est la classe
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C’est un visiteurNous voilà à nos pupitres
Oh-là-là, c’est le directeur qui dit:
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?Qu’est-ce que c’est?Ah, dis-moi,Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Ah, dis-moi,
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Regarde autour de toi
et dis-moi tout ce que tu vois…
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Regarde autour de toi
et dis-moi tout ce que tu vois,
Regarde autour de toi
et dis-moi tout ce que tu vois,
Ah-ah!
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
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LA FIN!LA FIN!